Effect of meloxicam coadministration on the anaesthetic potency of thiopental sodium in a chick model

Few studies have dealt with thiopental sodium-induced anaesthetic action and the effect of combining meloxicam (a high plasma protein-bound) in 10–15 day old chicks. First, the analgesic median effective dose (ED50) was determined as 35.85 mg/kg, IM by up-and-down routine, while the hypnotic ED50 value was 34.40 mg/kg, IM in the chick model. A thiopental sodium injection (18, 36 and 72 mg/kg, IM) produces a significant dose-responsive hypnotic effect in chicks, determined by the beginning of the lack of a righting reflex, duration and recovery time. Thiopental sodium and meloxicam (72 and 1 mg/kg, IM) in combination shortened the beginning of hypnosis, and significantly extended its duration, with a significant increase in recovery time from the hypnotic effect when compared to the group receiving only thiopental sodium. The same combination also elicited a significant increase in the analgesic percentage and efficacy, and significant increase in the voltage current estimated via using electrical stimulation to induce the ache feeling. No significant changes were found in the concentrations of serum glutamate pyruvate trans-aminase (GPT), glutamate oxalo-acetate trans-aminase (GOT) with body temperature between the two groups, with the exception of a significant change in respiratory rate. The outcomes of this study support the prospect of using thiopental sodium as an anaesthetic agent for veterinary surgical procedures in the chicks, in combination with meloxicam, to produce worthy, consistent, and proficient anaesthesia.

Sublethal behavioral and biochemical toxicity of cypermethrin in juvenile Oreochromis niloticus in a static bioassay

Sublethal behavioral and biochemical toxicity of cypermethrin in Oreochromis niloticus (L.) juveniles was accessed under static conditions at concentrations of 0.5, 1.1, and 2.1 µg L−1 for up to eight weeks. The juveniles were highly sensitive to cypermethrin, with a 96-h LC50 of 12 µg L−1. Biphasic trends were noted for four avoidance behaviors: loss of equilibrium; erratic swimming; air gulping; opercular ventilation. Dose- and duration-dependent increases occurred in mucus secretion and color change. Mixed trends were noted for mean glutamate pyruvate transaminase, triglycerides, proteins, and cholesterol. These parameters decreased significantly depending on dose and duration in weeks two and six, but they increased in week eight. Mean glucose and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase increased significantly depending on dose and duration up to week eight. No differences in glucose were noted in the control in week two. The findings of the present study confirmed that cypermethin adversely affected the health of fish even at a sublethal level.

A non-canonical convergence of carbohydrate and glutamine metabolism is required after metabolic rewiring in 3D environment

The fate of pyruvate, which is modulated mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) activity, is a defining metabolic feature in many cancers. Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are a genetically and metabolically heterogenous cancer. Although MPC expression and activity differed between DLBCL subgroups, mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation was uniformly minimal. Mitochondrial pyruvate was instead robustly consumed by glutamate pyruvate transaminase 2 to support α-ketoglutarate production as part of glutamine catabolism. This led us to discover that glutamine exceeds pyruvate as a carbon source for the TCA cycle, but, MPC function is required to enable GPT2-mediated glutamine catabolism. Furthermore, we found that MPC inhibition only decreased DLBCL proliferation in a solid culture environment, but not in a suspension environment. Thus, the non-canonical connection between the consumption and assimilation of carbohydrates and glutamine in DLBCLs enables their proliferation in a solid 3D environment.

Hepatoprotective Potential of Mimusops elengi L leaf Extracts against Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Many traditional systems of medicines employ herbal drugs for the hepatoprotection. The aim of the study is to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of Mimusopselengi L leaf extracts extracts against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity. However, herbal plants are the windfall for the humankind providing solution for most of the wellness breakdowns. Mimusopselengi L is one of such plants with enormous therapeutic and nutraceutical potencies. The main aspiration of the current investigation is to evaluate the hepatoprotective ability of methanolic and aqueous extract of Mimusopselengi L leaves against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity using wistar rats through biochemical parameters and histopathological findings. The phytochemical screening was carried on the leaves extracts of Mimusopselengi L revealed the presence of some active ingredients such as Alkaloids, Tannins, Sponginess, Phenols, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids and flavonoids. Leaves of Mimusopselengi L was successively ethylacetate fraction with methanolic and aqueous extract against paracetamol (2 ml/kg.p.o) induced hepatotoxicity using Standard drug Liv 52 (5 ml/kg). There was a significant changes in biochemical parameters (increases in serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alanine phosphatase (ALP), serum bilirubin in paracetamol treated rats, which were restored towards normalization in Mimusopselengi L methanolic and aqueous extract (200 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) treated animals. Thus, the present study ascertains that the leaf extract of Mimusopselengi L possesses significant hepatoprotective activity.

Marcadores bioquímicos de estrés oxidativo en jugadoras universitarias de voleibol. Efecto del consumo de Passiflora edulis (Biochemical markers of oxidative stress in female volleyball players. Effect of consumption of Passiflora edulis)

Objetivo: examinar el efecto del consumo de Passiflora edulis (P. edulis) sobre marcadores bioquímicos de estrés oxidativo (BMEOX) en mujeres voleibolistas de una selección universitaria. Método: población catorce jugadoras (edad: 19.3±2.2 años; masa: 57.5±5.0 kg; estatura: 1.62±6.2 m), fueron divididas aleatoriamente en grupo experimental (GE) y grupo placebo (GP). Durante los siete días del microciclo, al GE se les suministró 2 ml/día de zumo de P edulis y el GP recibió 2 ml/día de placebo (agua saborizada). Se tomaron muestras sanguíneas durante los días 1, 4, 7 y 14. Se cuantificaron creatina quinasa (CK), glutamato oxalacetato transaminasa (GOT), glutamato piruvato transaminasa (GPT), creatinina (Cr), catalasa (CAT), superóxido dismutasa (SOD), la peroxidación lipídica por el método de sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) y la tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG). Resultados: las transaminasas, se incrementaron significativamente en el día 4, y descendieron en los días 7 y 14 en ambos grupos. CK y Cr, aumentaron, pero no retornaron a valores basales en el día 14. TBARS y CAT aumentaron en ambos grupos sin diferencias significativas, mientras SOD aumentó con diferencias significativas para todos los días solo en GP. Conclusión: El microciclo produce cambios en los BMEOX, aumentando su nivel con el aumento de la intensidad del mismo; El consumo de P. edulis no afectó de manera significativa las actividades transaminasas, SOD y CAT, pero estas enzimas permanecen más estables en las deportistas que consumieron P. edulis. Es necesario profundizar el conocimiento sobre usos de antioxidantes y ejercicio intenso. Abstract. Objective: to examine the effect of the consumption of Passiflora edulis (P. edulis) on biochemical markers of oxidative stress (BMEOX) in female volleyball players of a university team. Method: population fourteen players (age: 19.3 ± 2.2 years; mass: 57.5 ± 5.0 kg; height: 1.62 ± 6.2 m), were randomly divided into experimental group (EG) and placebo group (GP). During the seven days of the microcycle, the EG was given 2 ml / day of P edulis juice and the GP received 2 ml / day of placebo (flavored water). Blood samples were taken during days 1, 4, 7 and 14. Creatine kinase (CK), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), creatinine (Cr), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxidation by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Results: transaminases increased significantly on day 4, and decreased on days 7 and 14 in both groups. CK and Cr, increased, but did not return to baseline values on day 14. TBARS and CAT increased in both groups without significant differences, while SOD increased with significant differences for all days only in GP. Conclusion: The microcycle produces changes in the BMEOX, its level increase with the increase in its intensity; Consumption of P. edulis did not significantly affect transaminase, SOD and CAT activities, but these enzymes remain more stable in athletes who consumed P. edulis. It is necessary to deepen the knowledge about antioxidant uses and intense exercise.

Effect of a Shock Micro-Cycle on Biochemical Markers in University Soccer Players

This study aimed to examine various biochemical biomarkers changes during a shock micro-cycle in soccer players from a university team. The study had 22 players (age: 22 ± 3 years; body mass: 68.6 ± 7.1 kg; height: 1.73 ± 0.07 m). The study measured total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol linked to high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), arterial index (AI), creatine kinase (CK), glutamate-oxalacetate-transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase (GPT), creatinine (Cr), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), cytokines IL6 and TNFα, total antioxidant capacity (Cap antiox tot), hemolysis percentage and glomerular filtration rate (GFR); measurements were conducted during a shock micro-cycle. The lipid profile variables had no statistical significance when compared on day 1 with day 14. Except for TNFα, the other biomarkers compared with day one had progressive increments until day seven, with a subsequent reduction on day 14; however, none of the biomarkers returned to baseline values despite this decrease. The data shown herein suggest the need to research these biomarkers in distinct types of mesocycles, exercise, intensity, load, and duration to diminish fatigue and improve athlete performance.

Nutritional Status of Tuberculosis Patients in Against Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase Levels

Background: Treatment of Tuberculosis patients are given in the form of a drugs combination. Some drugs which are Pyrazinamide, Isoniazid and Rifampicin can provide hepatotoxic side effects. Specific sign of hepatotoxic occurrence is increasing in the Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase levels. One of factors that influence hepatotoxicity is nutritional status. This study aims to determine the relationship between nutritional status and levels of Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase in tuberculosis patients.Methods: A non-experimental correlation study, retrospective approach with total sampling method, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Located at tCommunity Lung Health Center (BKPM) Ambarawa area. The analysis used the Spearman rank correlation testResults: Based on the test results of Spearman Rank correlation test, the correlation coefficient (r) is -0.267. Hypothesis test results also showed 0.037 (p-value <0.05), which means the existence of a significant correlation between variabels.Conclusion: There is a relationship between nutritional status and levels of Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase in tuberculosis patients.

Serum Levels of Glutamate-Pyruvate Transaminase, Glutamate-Oxaloacetate Transaminase and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase in 1494 Patients with Various Genotypes for the Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Gene

Background: Patients with liver disease associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) are homozygous for the Z mutation, leading to chronic liver damage. Objective: To assess the serum levels of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in patients with different genotypes for the alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) gene. Methods: Patients (n = 1494) underwent genotyping of the SERPINA1 gene, together with a determination of AAT and GOT and GPT and GGT transaminase levels. Patients with a deficient allele (n = 476) and with a normal genotype were compared. Results: A statistically significant association was found between deficient genotypes and GOT (p < 0.0003), GPT (p < 0.002), and GGT (p < 0.006). Comparing GOT levels in patients with PI*Z deficient variant versus those with normal genotype, an odds ratio (OR) of 2.72 (CI: 1.5–4.87) (p < 0.0005) was obtained. This finding was replicated with the PI*Z allele and the GPT values (OR = 2.31; CI: 1.45–3.67; p < 0.0003). In addition, a statistically significant association was found between liver enzymes and AAT values. Conclusion: The PI*Z allele seemed to be a risk factor for the development of liver damage. AAT deficient genotypes were associated with GOT, GPT, and GGT altered values. Low AAT levels were associated with high GPT and GGT levels.

Efek Proteksi Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Jamblang (Syzygium cumini) Terhadap Peningkatan Aktivitas Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Yang Diinduksi Timbal Asetat

Timbal (Pb) merupakan suatu logam berat yang bersifat toksik bagi tubuh. Timbal dapat menginduksi pembentukan radikal bebas yang dapat menimbulkan stres oksidatif sehingga berujung pada kematian sel. Kematian sel menstimulasi peningkatan enzim hati seperti SGPT dan SGOT. Tubuh memerlukan antioksidan eksogen untuk menghambat stres oksidatif akibat radikal bebas. Daun jamblang mengandung antioksidan alami seperti flavonoid dan fenolik yang dapat menangkal radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek proteksi pemberian ekstrak daun jamblang terhadap peningkatan aktivitas serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) tikus jantan yang diinduksi timbal asetat. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan randomized post test only group design menggunakan 15 ekor tikus jantan yang dibagi atas 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif (K-) yang diberikan pakan standar, kelompok kontrol positif (K+) yang diberikan pakan standar dan timbal asetat dosis 40 mg/KgBB per oral, kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) yang diberikan pakan standar serta timbal asetat dosis 40 mg/KgBB dan ekstrak daun jamblang dosis 150 mg/KgBB per oral. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 28 hari dan di hari ke-29 tikus dimatikan lalu diambil serumnya untuk diperiksa kadar SGPT. Pemeriksaan kadar SGPT menggunakan tes berdasarkan kriteria IFCC tanpa pyridoxal phosphate dengan metode Sample Start. Data dianalisis dengan uji Shapiro Wilk, uji One Way Anova dan uji Post Hoc Tukey’s HSD. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan rerata kadar SGPT kelompok kontrol negatif (K-) 46,6 U/L, kelompok kontrol positif (K+) 73,9 U/L, dan kelompok perlakuan 1 (P1) 62,0 U/L. Hasil ini menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna rerata kadar SGPT semua kelompok hewan coba yang dibuktikan dengan nilai p < 0,05. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah adanya efek proteksi pemberian ekstrak daun jamblang terhadap peningkatan aktivitas SGPT tikus yang diiinduksi oleh timbal asetat. Kata Kunci: Timbal asetat, ekstrak daun jamblang, SGPT.

ALANINE AMINO TRANSFERASE (ALT) SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES IN LONG TERM SYSTEMIC HYPOXIC RAT BRAIN TISSUES

Background: Brain as a very aerobic organ is sensitive to hypoxia. Energy scarcities must be overcome by gluconeogenesis, which uses alanine or lactate as starting material. The reaction is catalyzed by alanine amino transaminase (ALAT or ALT), also known as glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT). Objective: To investigate whether the specific activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased in hypoxic rat brain.Methods: This experimental study used rats exposed to systemic normobaric hypoxia during 14 days. A group of 5 rats was sacrificed in days 1, 3, 7 and 14. The specific activities of ALT were analyzed in their brains using a reaction coupled with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities.Results: The ALT specific activities in rat brain were very low. There was no significant increase of specific activities during long term hypoxia (p > 0.05).Conclusion: The rat brain ALT has no role in gluconeogenesis.