The Impact of Genetic Markers on the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer: A Current Perspective

Abstract Objective Most cancer deaths in the world are due to lung cancer and delays in diagnosis and treatment sharply reduce survival in lung cancer patients. This study examined the impact of delays during the early months of the pandemic on the survival of newly identified lung cancer patients in Canada in 2020. Methods The incidence of lung cancer, using population statistics from Statistics Canada and incidence rates from the Canadian Cancer Statistics in 2020, was estimated. Stage-wise incidences for each sex were calculated for each age group for each month of 2020. Using delay impact on each stage the final results were calculated. Results A total of 5,004 life years would have been lost due to 448 deaths in the long term (40 months) attributed to the delays caused during March, April, May and June in Canada. The estimated incidence for all stages of lung cancer for these months was 9,801 although the observed incidence was expected to be 6,571 due to reduced screenings. Hence, it was within the missing 3,231 cases that delays would occur. Over the short term (10 months) there are expected to be 151 early deaths and 273 deaths in the intermediate-term (20 months). Conclusion The COVID pandemic is estimated to result in increased mortality and fewer diagnosis’ of lung cancer patients in Canada in 2020.

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Conservation biology: the impact of population biology and a current perspective

The Evolution of Population Biology ◽

10.1017/cbo9780511542619.020 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 347-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Philip Hedrick

Keyword(s):

Conservation Biology ◽

Population Biology ◽

Current Perspective ◽

The Impact ◽

A Current

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Stigma as a barrier to diagnosis of lung cancer: patient and general practitioner perspectives

Primary Health Care Research & Development ◽

10.1017/s1463423615000043 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (06) ◽

pp. 618-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Nicola Scott ◽

Melanie Crane ◽

Mayanne Lafontaine ◽

Holly Seale ◽

David Currow

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

General Practitioner ◽

New South ◽

Short Report ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽

South Wales ◽

Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer ◽

Delays In Diagnosis ◽

The Impact

The prognosis for people with lung cancer may be worsened by delays in seeking medical help following the onset of symptoms. Previous research has highlighted that patients’ experiences of stigma and blame may contribute to these delays. This short report focuses on stigma as a barrier to diagnosis of lung cancer, from patient and general practitioner (GP) perspectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with people diagnosed with lung cancer (n=20) and with GPs (n=10) in New South Wales, Australia. Participants’ experiences of blame and stigma, GPs preconceptions of lung cancer risk and the impact of anti-smoking messaging were explored. Participants reported experiencing stigma owing to a diagnosis of lung cancer. For some, the anticipation of stigma resulted in delays in seeking diagnosis and hence treatment. The sense of blame associated with a lung cancer diagnosis was also reflected in GP interviews. Successful tobacco control activities have increased societal awareness of lung cancer as smoking related and potentially contributed to the participants’ experiences of stigma. Removing blame associated with smoking is central to reducing delays in diagnosis of lung cancer.

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Hā Ora: secondary care barriers and enablers to early diagnosis of lung cancer for Māori communities

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-021-07862-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jacquie Kidd ◽

Shemana Cassim ◽

Anna Rolleston ◽

Lynne Chepulis ◽

Brendan Hokowhitu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Healthcare Provider ◽

Primary Healthcare ◽

Secondary Care ◽

Barriers And Enablers ◽

Specialist Services ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Lung Cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in Aotearoa New Zealand. Māori communities in particular have higher incidence and mortality rates from Lung Cancer. Diagnosis of lung cancer at an early stage can allow for curative treatment. This project aimed to document the barriers to early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in secondary care for Māori communities. Methods This project used a kaupapa Māori approach. Nine community hui (focus groups) and nine primary healthcare provider hui were carried out in five rural localities in the Midland region. Community hui included cancer patients, whānau (families), and other community members. Healthcare provider hui comprised staff members at the local primary healthcare centre, including General Practitioners and nurses. Hui data were thematically analysed. Results Barriers and enablers to early diagnosis of lung cancer were categorised into two broad themes: Specialist services and treatment, and whānau journey. The barriers and enablers that participants experienced in specialist services and treatment related to access to care, engagement with specialists, communication with specialist services and cultural values and respect, whereas barriers and enablers relating to the whānau journey focused on agency and the impact on whānau. Conclusions The study highlighted the need to improve communication within and across healthcare services, the importance of understanding the cultural needs of patients and whānau and a health system strategy that meets these needs. Findings also demonstrated the resilience of Māori and the active efforts of whānau as carers to foster health literacy in future generations.

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Impact of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis on clinical outcomes of lung cancer patients

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87747-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ho Cheol Kim ◽

Seonjeong Lee ◽

Jin Woo Song

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Lung Function ◽

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Acute Exacerbation ◽

Lower Lobe ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Cancer Type ◽

Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe clinical characteristics of lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) differ from those of lung cancer in patients without IPF. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the impact of IPF on the clinical course of patients with lung cancer. Clinical data of IPF patients with lung cancer (n = 122) were compared with those of patients with lung cancer without IPF (n = 488) matched by age, sex, histopathology, stage, and date of diagnosis of lung cancer. The median follow-up period after diagnosis of lung cancer was 16 months. Among patients with IPF, the mean age was 68 years, 95.9% were male, 93.2% were ever-smokers, and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common cancer type (48.4%). The IPF group had poorer lung function and lower lobe predominance of lung cancer than the no-IPF group. The IPF group showed a poorer prognosis than the no-IPF group (5-year survival rate: 14.5% vs. 30.1%, respectively; P < 0.001), even after adjusting for lung function and regardless of the treatment method. Among patients with IPF, 16.8% experienced acute exacerbation within 1 month after treatment of lung cancer. The treatment outcome of patients with lung cancer and IPF was generally unfavorable, and acute exacerbation triggered by treatment frequently occurred.

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Genetic Markers in Lung Cancer Diagnosis: A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21134569 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (13) ◽

pp. 4569 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Katarzyna Wadowska ◽

Iwona Bil-Lula ◽

Łukasz Trembecki ◽

Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Genetic Markers ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Early Stage ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Genetic Diagnostics ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Diagnostic Potential ◽

Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the most often diagnosed cancer in the world and the most frequent cause of cancer death. The prognosis for lung cancer is relatively poor and 75% of patients are diagnosed at its advanced stage. The currently used diagnostic tools are not sensitive enough and do not enable diagnosis at the early stage of the disease. Therefore, searching for new methods of early and accurate diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial for its effective treatment. Lung cancer is the result of multistage carcinogenesis with gradually increasing genetic and epigenetic changes. Screening for the characteristic genetic markers could enable the diagnosis of lung cancer at its early stage. The aim of this review was the summarization of both the preclinical and clinical approaches in the genetic diagnostics of lung cancer. The advancement of molecular strategies and analytic platforms makes it possible to analyze the genome changes leading to cancer development—i.e., the potential biomarkers of lung cancer. In the reviewed studies, the diagnostic values of microsatellite changes, DNA hypermethylation, and p53 and KRAS gene mutations, as well as microRNAs expression, have been analyzed as potential genetic markers. It seems that microRNAs and their expression profiles have the greatest diagnostic potential value in lung cancer diagnosis, but their quantification requires standardization.

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