Risk stratification and treatment of ICU-acquired pneumonia caused by multidrug- resistant/extensively drug-resistant/pandrug-resistant bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bassetti ◽  
Elda Righi ◽  
Antonio Vena ◽  
Elena Graziano ◽  
Alessandro Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

scholarly journals Multidrug Resistant and Extensively Drug Resistant Bacteria: A Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silpi Basak ◽  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
Monali Rajurkar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

Background and Objective. Antimicrobial resistance is now a major challenge to clinicians for treating patients. Hence, this short term study was undertaken to detect the incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacterial isolates in a tertiary care hospital.Material and Methods. The clinical samples were cultured and bacterial strains were identified in the department of microbiology. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of different bacterial isolates was studied to detect MDR, XDR, and PDR bacteria.Results. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of 1060 bacterial strains was studied. 393 (37.1%) bacterial strains were MDR, 146 (13.8%) strains were XDR, and no PDR was isolated. All (100%) Gram negative bacterial strains were sensitive to colistin whereas all (100%) Gram positive bacterial strains were sensitive to vancomycin.Conclusion. Close monitoring of MDR, XDR, or even PDR must be done by all clinical microbiology laboratories to implement effective measures to reduce the menace of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of a repurposed harmine-derived compound on extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Breine ◽  
Megane Van Gysel ◽  
Mathias Elsocht ◽  
Clemence Whiteway ◽  
Chantal Philippe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Degree

Synopsis Objectives: The spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria is an important threat for human healthcare. Acinetobacter baumannii bacteria impose one of the major issues, as multidrug- to pandrug-resistant strains have been found, rendering some infections untreatable. In addition, A. baumannii is a champion in surviving in harsh environments, being capable of resisting to disinfectants and to persist prolonged periods of desiccation. Due to the high degree of variability found in A. baumannii isolates, the search for new antibacterials is challenging. Here, we screened a compound library to identify compounds active against recent isolates of A. baumannii bacteria. Methods: A repurposing drug screen was undertaken to identify A. baumannii growth inhibitors. One hit was further characterized by determining its IC50 and testing its activity on 43 recent clinical A. baumannii isolates, amongst which 40 are extensively drug- and carbapenem-resistant strains. Results: The repurposing screen led to the identification of a harmine-derived compound, called HDC1, which proved to have bactericidal activity on the multidrug-resistant AB5075-VUB reference strain with an IC50 of 48.23 [mu]M. In addition, HDC1 impairs growth of all 43 recent clinical A. baumannii isolates. Conclusions: We identified a compound with inhibitory activity on all tested, extensively drug-resistant clinical A. baumannii isolates.

scholarly journals Fosfomycin

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Falagas ◽  
Evridiki K. Vouloumanou ◽  
George Samonis ◽  
Konstantinos Z. Vardakas
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
New Antibiotics

SUMMARYThe treatment of bacterial infections suffers from two major problems: spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens and lack of development of new antibiotics active against such MDR and XDR bacteria. As a result, physicians have turned to older antibiotics, such as polymyxins, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides. Lately, due to development of resistance to these agents, fosfomycin has gained attention, as it has remained active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative MDR and XDR bacteria. New data of higher quality have become available, and several issues were clarified further. In this review, we summarize the available fosfomycin data regarding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, thein vitroactivity against susceptible and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, mechanisms of resistance and development of resistance during treatment, synergy and antagonism with other antibiotics, clinical effectiveness, and adverse events. Issues that need to be studied further are also discussed.

scholarly journals 2475. Incidence of Multidrug-Resistant, Extensively Drug-Resistant and Pandrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in Brazilian Intensive Care Units

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S857-S857
Author(s):  
Gregory Lauar Souza ◽  
Rhayssa Fernanda de Andrade Rocha ◽  
Andressa Do nascimento Silveira ◽  
Handerson Dias Duarte de Carvalho ◽  
Cristóvão D M Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp

Abstract Background The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) proposed standard definitions for acquired resistance in bacterias. Resistant bacteria were categorized as multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR). This study describes the incidence of Gram-negative MDR, XDR and PDR in 12 private and adult intensive care units (ICU’s) from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, the sixth most populated city in Brazil, with approximately 3 million inhabitants. Methods Data were collected between January/2013 to December/2017 from 12 ICU’s. The hospitals used prospective healthcare-associated infections (HAI) surveillance protocols, in accordance to the CDC. Antimicrobial resistance from six Gram-negatives, causing nosocomial infections, were evaluated: Acinetobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., Enterobacter sp., Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas sp.. We computed the three categories of drug-resistance (MDR+XDR+PDR) to define benchmarks for the resistance rate of each Gram-negative evaluated. Benchmarks were defined as the superior limits of 95% confidence interval for the resistance rate. Results After a 5 year surveillance, 6,242 HAI strains were tested: no pandrug-resistant bacteria (PDR) was found. Acinetobacter sp. was the most resistant Gram-negative: 206 strains from 1,858 were XDR (11%), and 1,638 were MDR (88%). Pseudomonas sp.: 41/1,159 = 3.53% XDR; 180/1,159 = 15.53% MDR. Klebsiella sp.: 2/1,566 = 0,1% XDR; 813/1,566 = 52% MDR. Proteus sp.: 0/507 = 0% XDR; 163/507 = 32% MDR. Enterobacter sp.: 0/471 = 0% XDR; 148/471 = 31% MDR. Escherichia coli: 0/681 = 0% XDR; 157/681 = 23% MDR. Benchmarks for the global resistance rate of each Gram-negative (MDR+XDR+PDR): Acinetobacter sp. = 92%; Klebsiella sp. = 62%; Proteus sp. = 40%; Enterobacter sp. = 48%; Escherichia coli = 33%; Pseudomonas sp. = 30%. Conclusion This study has calculated the incidence of Gram-negative MDR, XDR and PDR, and found a higher incidence of MDR Acinetobacter sp., with an 88% multiresistance rate. Henceforth, developing countries healthcare institutions must be aware of an increased risk of infection by Acinetobacter sp.. Benchmarks have been defined, and can be used as indicators for healthcare assessment. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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