Exercise in patients on chronic hemodialysis: current evidence, knowledge gaps and future perspectives

Among patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome, one of the worst possible scenarios is represented by the critical lung damage caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced cytokine storm, responsible for a potentially very dangerous hyperinflammatory condition. Within such a context, interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a key pathogenic role, thus being a suitable therapeutic target. Indeed, the IL-6-receptor antagonist tocilizumab, already approved for treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis, is often used to treat patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms and lung involvement. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to focus on the rationale of tocilizumab utilization in the SARS-CoV-2-triggered cytokine storm, as well as to discuss current evidence and future perspectives, especially with regard to ongoing trials referring to the evaluation of tocilizumab’s therapeutic effects in patients with life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Perioperative Systemic Treatment for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22137201 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (13) ◽

pp. 7201

Author(s):

In-Ho Kim ◽

Hyo-Jin Lee

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Immune Checkpoint ◽

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Systemic Treatment ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽

Muscle Invasive

Radical cystectomy is the primary treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer; however, approximately 50% of patients develop metastatic disease within 2 years of diagnosis, which results in dismal prognosis. Therefore, systemic treatment is important to improve the prognosis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Currently, several guidelines recommend cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy before radical cystectomy, and adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended in patients who have not received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently become the standard treatment option for metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Owing to their clinical benefits, several immune checkpoint inhibitors, with or without other agents (including other immunotherapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and emerging agents such as antibody drug conjugates), are being extensively investigated in perioperative settings. Several studies for perioperative immunotherapy have shown that immune checkpoint inhibitors have promising efficacy with relatively low toxicity, and have explored the predictive molecular biomarkers. Herein, we review the current evidence and discuss the future perspectives of perioperative systemic treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

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Artificial reefs in the North –East Atlantic area: Present situation, knowledge gaps and future perspectives

Ocean & Coastal Management ◽

10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105854 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 213 ◽

pp. 105854

Author(s):

Bianca Reis ◽

Pieter van der Linden ◽

Isabel Sousa Pinto ◽

Emanuel Almada ◽

Maria Teresa Borges ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Present Situation ◽

Artificial Reefs ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

East Atlantic ◽

Knowledge Gaps ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Atlantic Area

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Oral field cancerization: current evidence and future perspectives

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

10.1007/s10006-012-0317-x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 171-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Punnya V. Angadi ◽

J. K. Savitha ◽

Sanjay S. Rao ◽

Y. Sivaranjini

Keyword(s):

Field Cancerization ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Future Perspectives

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Dysglycemia in the critically ill patient: current evidence and future perspectives

Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva ◽

10.5935/0103-507x.20170054 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ignacio Aramendi ◽

Gastón Burghi ◽

William Manzanares

Keyword(s):

Critically Ill ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Critically Ill Patient ◽

Future Perspectives

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Outcomes of Chronic Hemodialysis Patients in the Intensive Care Unit

Critical Care Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2013/715807 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Melanie Chan ◽

Marlies Ostermann

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Renal Function ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Chronic Hemodialysis ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Icu Outcome ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) experience higher rates of hospitalisation, cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality and are more likely to require admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) than patients with normal renal function. Sepsis and cardiovascular diseases are the most common reasons for ICU admission. ICU mortality rates in patients requiring chronic hemodialysis are significantly higher than for patients without ESRD; however, dialysis patients have a better ICU outcome than those with acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy suggesting that factors other than loss of renal function contribute to their prognosis. Current evidence suggests, the longer-term outcomes after discharge from ICU may be favourable and that long-term dependence on dialysis should not prejudice against prompt referral or admission to ICU.

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Unpuzzling COVID-19: tissue-related signaling pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20200904 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (16) ◽

pp. 2137-2160 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniella S. Battagello ◽

Guilherme Dragunas ◽

Marianne O. Klein ◽

Ana L.P. Ayub ◽

Fernando J. Velloso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Clinical Impact ◽

World Health ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Cellular Interaction ◽

Crucial Importance ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Organ Systems ◽

Health Organization ◽

The City

Abstract The highly infective coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel strain of coronaviruses – the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) – discovered in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan (Hubei Province, China). Remarkably, COVID-19 has rapidly spread across all continents and turned into a public health emergency, which was ultimately declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in early 2020. SARS-CoV-2 presents similar aspects to other members of the coronavirus family, mainly regarding its genome, protein structure and intracellular mechanisms, that may translate into mild (or even asymptomatic) to severe infectious conditions. Although the mechanistic features underlying the COVID-19 progression have not been fully clarified, current evidence have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 may primarily behave as other β-coronavirus members. To better understand the development and transmission of COVID-19, unveiling the signaling pathways that may be impacted by SARS-CoV-2 infection, at the molecular and cellular levels, is of crucial importance. In this review, we present the main aspects related to the origin, classification, etiology and clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, here we describe the potential mechanisms of cellular interaction and signaling pathways, elicited by functional receptors, in major targeted tissues/organs from the respiratory, gastrointestinal (GI), cardiovascular, renal, and nervous systems. Furthermore, the potential involvement of these signaling pathways in evoking the onset and progression of COVID-19 symptoms in these organ systems are presently discussed. A brief description of future perspectives related to potential COVID-19 treatments is also highlighted.

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