scholarly journals Therapeutic Role of Tocilizumab in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cytokine Storm: Rationale and Current Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3059
Author(s):  
Corrado Pelaia ◽  
Cecilia Calabrese ◽  
Eugenio Garofalo ◽  
Andrea Bruni ◽  
Alessandro Vatrella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Life Threatening

Among patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome, one of the worst possible scenarios is represented by the critical lung damage caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced cytokine storm, responsible for a potentially very dangerous hyperinflammatory condition. Within such a context, interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a key pathogenic role, thus being a suitable therapeutic target. Indeed, the IL-6-receptor antagonist tocilizumab, already approved for treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis, is often used to treat patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms and lung involvement. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to focus on the rationale of tocilizumab utilization in the SARS-CoV-2-triggered cytokine storm, as well as to discuss current evidence and future perspectives, especially with regard to ongoing trials referring to the evaluation of tocilizumab’s therapeutic effects in patients with life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Use of Thiols in the Treatment of COVID-19: Current Evidence

Lung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Cazzola ◽  
Paola Rogliani ◽  
Sundeep Santosh Salvi ◽  
Josuel Ora ◽  
Maria Gabriella Matera
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Antioxidant Defences ◽  
Antioxidant Molecule ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

AbstractThere is a possible role for oxidative stress, a state characterized by an altered balance between the production of free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defences, in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the genesis of which is quite complex. Excessive oxidative stress could be responsible for the alveolar damage, thrombosis, and red blood cell dysregulation observed in COVID-19. Apparently, deficiency of glutathione (GSH), a low-molecular-weight thiol that is the most important non-enzymatic antioxidant molecule and has the potential to keep the cytokine storm in check, is a plausible explanation for the severe manifestations and death in COVID-19 patients. Thiol drugs, which are considered mucolytic, also possess potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. They exhibit antibacterial activity against a variety of medically important bacteria and may be an effective strategy against influenza virus infection. The importance of oxidative stress during COVID-19 and the various pharmacological characteristics of thiol-based drugs suggest a possible role of thiols in the treatment of COVID-19. Oral and intravenous GSH, as well as GSH precursors such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), or drugs containing the thiol moiety (erdosteine) may represent a novel therapeutic approach to block NF-kB and address the cytokine storm syndrome and respiratory distress observed in COVID-19 pneumonia patients

scholarly journals Role of endoscopic ultrasound in anticancer therapy: Current evidence and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1863-1879
Author(s):  
Andre Bratanic ◽  
Dorotea Bozic ◽  
Antonio Mestrovic ◽  
Dinko Martinovic ◽  
Marko Kumric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Ultrasound ◽  
Anticancer Therapy ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Perspectives

scholarly journals The Role of 3D Printing in Colorectal Surgery: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

In Vivo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-302
Author(s):  
XENOFON PAPAZARKADAS ◽  
ELEFTHERIOS SPARTALIS ◽  
DIMITRIOS PATSOURAS ◽  
ARGYRIOS IOANNIDIS ◽  
DIMITRIOS SCHIZAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Colorectal Surgery ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Perspectives

scholarly journals Exercise in the management of multiple sclerosis relapses: current evidence and future perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Rooney ◽  
Hani Albalawi ◽  
Lorna Paul
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Recovery Of Function ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Perspectives

Relapses are a common feature of multiple sclerosis; however, recovery from relapses is often incomplete, with up to half of people experiencing residual disabilities postrelapse. Therefore, treatments are required to promote recovery of function and reduce the extent of residual disabilities postrelapse. Accordingly, this Perspective article explores the role of exercise in relapse management. Current evidence from two studies suggests that exercise in combination with steroid therapy improves disability and quality of life postrelapse, and may be more beneficial in promoting relapse recovery than steroid therapy alone. However, given the small number of studies and methodological limitations, further studies are required to understand the effects of exercise in relapse management and the mechanism through which exercise influences relapse recovery.

scholarly journals The pathogenic role of IgA1 O-linked glycosylation in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (Review Article)

Nephrology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONATHAN BARRATT ◽  
ALICE C SMITH ◽  
JOHN FEEHALLY
Keyword(s):  
Iga Nephropathy ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Pathogenic Role

scholarly journals Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 Patients: Pros and Cons

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour K. Younis ◽  
Rana O. Zareef ◽  
Sally N. Al Hassan ◽  
Fadi Bitar ◽  
Ali H. Eid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Neurological Effects

The pandemic of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has recently overwhelmed medical centers and paralyzed economies. The unparalleled public distress caused by this pandemic mandated an urgent quest for an effective approach to manage or treat this disease. Due to their well-established anti-infectious and anti-inflammatory properties, quinine derivatives have been sought as potential therapies for COVID-19. Indeed, these molecules were originally employed in the treatment and prophylaxis of malaria, and later in the management of various autoimmune rheumatic and dermatologic diseases. Initially, some promising results for the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in treating COVID-19 patients were reported by a few in vitro and in vivo studies. However, current evidence is not yet sufficiently solid to warrant its use as a therapy for this disease. Additionally, the therapeutic effects of HCQ are not without many side effects, which range from mild gastrointestinal effects to life-threatening cardiovascular and neurological effects. In this review, we explore the controversy associated with the repurposing of HCQ to manage or treat COVID-19, and we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of HCQ.

scholarly journals Cytokine Storm in the Novel Coronavirus Infection and Methods of its Correction

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
A. V. Ershov ◽  
V. D. Surova ◽  
V. T. Dolgikh ◽  
T. I. Dolgikh
Keyword(s):  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Average Impact ◽  
Average Impact Factor ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The aim of the study was to identify the role of cytokine storm in COVID-19, that emerged at the end of 2019, based on the analysis of 80 publications, including 17.4% Russian and 82.6% foreign publications for 2014–2020 with an average impact factor of 11.94 and a maximum of 74.699. This review includes an in-depth discussion of the possible causes and pathogenetic factors of cytokine storm syndrome development caused by COVID-19. The results of research on the use of various principles of cytokine storm correction are provided. It has been established that lung damage and the development of a fatal outcome are caused not by the virus itself, but by the hyperreaction of the body's immune system. The leading role in this process belongs to the cytokine storm, including the action of IL-6.

scholarly journals Neutrophil in Reverse Migration: Role in Sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Ji ◽  
Jie Fan
Keyword(s):  
Host Response ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Protective Response ◽  
Reverse Migration ◽  
Inflammatory Site ◽  
Life Threatening

Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. During the development and progression of sepsis, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the most abundantly recruited innate immune cells at sites of infection, playing critical roles in the elimination of local infection and healing of the injury. PMN reverse migration (rM) describes the phenomenon in which PMNs migrate away from the inflammatory site back into the vasculature following the initial PMN infiltration. The functional role of PMN rM within inflammatory scenarios requires further exploration. Current evidence suggests that depending on the context, PMN rM can be both a protective response, by facilitating an efficient resolution to innate immune reaction, and also a tissue-damaging event. In this review, we provide an overview of current advancements in understanding the mechanism and roles of PMN rM in inflammation and sepsis. A comprehensive understanding of PMN rM may allow for the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for sepsis.

scholarly journals Is cardiac arrest an inflammatory state? Adding steroid into ACLS guidelines will save more lives?

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-94
Author(s):  
Tapati Chowdhury ◽  
Arpona Dev Nath ◽  
Tasbirul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Steroid Use ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Life Threatening

Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening condition with low survival rate. Over the years ACLS guidelines have been developed to reduce cardiac arrest specific mortality rate. In this review article, the authors researched steroid use during and after CPR for determining its effect on survival rate and post cardiac arrest disabilities. Scholarly articles from well-known reputed journals relevant to both cardiac arrest and steroid use since 1960 have been reviewed. This article first examines the question whether cardiac arrest can be considered an inflammatory state. Afterwards, evidence of the beneficial role of steroid use in cardiac arrest and in other cardiac conditions have been outlined. In conclusion, this review paper summarizes any benefits of steroid use in cardiac arrest.Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2018; 6(2): 92-94

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document