Trends in HIV acquisition, risk factors and prevention policies among youth in Uganda, 1999–2011

ObjectiveFemale bar workers (FBW) in East Africa often conduct sex work to supplement their incomes, and may be vulnerable to HIV acquisition. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) offers protection against HIV acquisition. However, there is little research on FBW’s sexual health. Our objective was to determine HIV risk behaviours and interest in PrEP among FBW in the largest city in East Africa.DesignCross-sectional survey covering respondents’ work and personal lives, including social and behavioural risk factors for HIV. The survey aimed to determine the feasibility of working with FBW and HIV prevalence estimates. Those who did not report being HIV positive were asked about their knowledge of and interest in PrEP. All women were offered free on-site HIV testing and counselling (HTC).SettingEight randomly selected workplaces, that is, bars, in Kinondoni district, Dar es Salaam (DSM).Participants66 FBW (≥18 years) selected at random from all women working in selected bars on the day of visit.ResultsHalf of respondents reported having had sex for money: 20% with bar clients only, 15% with other men only and 15% with both. Almost all (98%) reported ≥1 non-commercial partners in the past 12 months; only 30% reported using condoms with these partners. 85% of respondents had ever been pregnant; 44% had had an unintended pregnancy. Only 5% of respondents had ever heard of PrEP. However, 54% were somewhat/very interested in daily-pill PrEP and 79% were somewhat/very interested in long-acting injectable PrEP. When asked to rank modalities, long-acting injectable PrEP was the most preferred. Seven per cent of the 56 respondents who completed HTC tested HIV positive.ConclusionsFBW in DSM have elevated risk factors for HIV acquisition, and PrEP appears highly acceptable. Studies developing PrEP delivery models and assessing PrEP initiation and adherence in FBW appear warranted.

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Structural, interpersonal, psychosocial, and behavioral risk factors for HIV acquisition among female bar workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

AIDS Care ◽

10.1080/09540121.2019.1612018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (9) ◽

pp. 1096-1105

Author(s):

Dale A. Barnhart ◽

Guy Harling ◽

Aisa Muya ◽

Katrina F. Ortblad ◽

Irene Mashasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dar Es Salaam ◽

Behavioral Risk Factors ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Hiv Acquisition

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Prison Suicide— Politics and Prevention: A View from Ireland

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910.18.4.185 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 185-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Enda Dooley

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

At Risk ◽

Young Men ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Prevention Policies ◽

Prison Environment

The pattern of suicide in Ireland broadly matches that in various neighbouring countries, with the prevalence among males being significantly greater than among women. Over recent years there has been a significant increase in suicide among young men. Similarly, prison suicide patterns mirror those in neighbouring jurisdictions, with a marked increase in prison suicides occurring over the last 10 years. Media interest in prison suicide is grossly disproportionate to its frequency. Existing prevention policies based on the identification of individuals at risk would appear to have failed, and it is argued that it would be more productive—albeit with significant difficulty—to re-orient prevention strategies towards identifying and remedying risk factors in the overall prison environment as opposed to identifying particular individuals.

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In-Country Migration and Risk Factors for HIV Acquisition among Pregnant Women in Tijuana, Mexico

Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) ◽

10.1177/2325957414539043 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 228-231

Author(s):

Rolando M. Viani ◽

Maria R. Araneta ◽

Stephen A. Spector

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Hiv Acquisition

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Burden of liver disease in Europe: Epidemiology and analysis of risk factors to identify prevention policies

Journal of Hepatology ◽

10.1016/j.jhep.2018.05.011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 718-735 ◽

Cited By ~ 138

Author(s):

Laura Pimpin ◽

Helena Cortez-Pinto ◽

Francesco Negro ◽

Emily Corbould ◽

Jeffrey V. Lazarus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Prevention Policies

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Risk Factors for HIV Acquisition in High Risk Women in a Generalised Epidemic Setting

AIDS and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10461-015-1002-5 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 1305-1316 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Nivashnee Naicker ◽

Ayesha B. M. Kharsany ◽

Lise Werner ◽

Francois van Loggerenberg ◽

Koleka Mlisana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

High Risk ◽

High Risk Women ◽

Hiv Acquisition

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Risk factors for HIV infection among men who have sex with men in the ANRS IPERGAY PrEP trial

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

10.1136/sextrans-2021-055199 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. sextrans-2021-055199

Author(s):

Julien Gras ◽

Marine Pillet ◽

Guillemette Antoni ◽

Eric Cua ◽

Isabelle Charreau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Sexual Practices ◽

Recreational Drugs ◽

Anal Sex ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Receptive Anal Sex ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Hiv Acquisition

ObjectivesWe aimed to assess among men who have sex with men (MSM) risk factors for HIV infection, to identify those who require urgent pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prescription.MethodsAll participants enrolled in the placebo arm of the ANRS IPERGAY trial, or infected between screening and day 0, were included. Baseline characteristics were described and HIV incidence rate ratios (RRs) were estimated with their 95% CIs.Results203 MSM were included with a median follow-up of 9 months. During the study period, 16 participants acquired HIV infection while not receiving tenofovir disoproxil and emtricitabin (TDF/FTC) over 212.4 person-years (PYs) of follow-up (incidence rate 7.5/100 PYs, 95% CI: 4.3 to 12.2). Being enrolled in Paris was associated with a significant increased risk of HIV infection (RR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.1 to 28.3). A high number of sexual partners in prior 2 months (≥10 vs <5) and of condomless receptive anal sex episodes in prior 12 months (>5 vs <5) were strong predictors for HIV acquisition (RR: 10.6 (2 to 260.2) and 3.3 (1.2 to 10.2), respectively). Those who reported more often or only receptive sexual practices were also at increased risk (RR: 9.8 (2.0 to 246.6)). The use of recreational drugs in prior 12 months, especially gamma hydroxybutarate/gamma butyrolactone (RR: 5.9; 95% CI: 2 to 21.7), was associated with a significantly increased risk of HIV acquisition even after adjustment for sexual practices.ConclusionsMSM who have frequent condomless receptive anal sex and multiple partners, or use recreational drugs should be targeted in priority for PrEP prescription especially if they live in an area with a high prevalence of HIV infection.

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Where is the social in the biopsychosocial model of suicide prevention?

International Journal of Social Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/00207640211027210 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002076402110272

Author(s):

José Eduardo Rodríguez-Otero ◽

Xiana Campos-Mouriño ◽

David Meilán-Fernández ◽

Sarai Pintos-Bailón ◽

Graciela Cabo-Escribano

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Suicide Prevention ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Biopsychosocial Model ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Theoretical Frameworks ◽

Prevention Policies

Background: Each year, around 800,000 people die by suicide. The prevalence of suicidal behaviors is much higher when suicidal attempts and persistent self-injurious ideation are included. Therefore, suicide is a public health concern. Research has been sensitive to this problem, deepening the study of risk factors and the development of theoretical frameworks of suicidal behavior, with the aim of generating effective suicide prevention policies around the biopsychosocial model. Aim: We aimed to explore the role of relational, community, and social factors in current suicide prevention strategies. Method: Studies of risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior and the consequent development of theoretical frameworks were reviewed to verify if this knowledge was really used in suicide prevention policies. Results: Studies of risk and protective factors focus mainly on the individual, while theoretical frameworks emphasize the role of the relational, community, and social. Suicide prevention strategies more closely follow individual models derived from studies of risk factors. Conclusions: Suicide prevention strategies should broaden their individual narrative to include relational, community, and social interventions as anti-suicide measures.

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