HIV disease dynamics, markers of inflammation and CNS injury during primary HIV infection and their relationship to cognitive performance

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
August A. Longino ◽  
Robert Paul ◽  
Yixin Wang ◽  
Javier R. Lama ◽  
Peter Brandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Cns Injury ◽  
Primary Hiv Infection ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

Emergencies in HIV-positive patients

2010 ◽  
pp. 479-505
Author(s):  
Punit S. Ramrakha ◽  
Kevin P. Moore ◽  
Amir Sam
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Primary Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Indicator ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Neurological Conditions

Emergency presentations of HIV infection 480 Factors influencing presentation in HIV disease 482 HIV testing 484 Clinical indicator diseases for adult HIV infection 486 Primary HIV infection (PHI) 487 Acute neurological conditions in HIV-positive patients: assessment 488 Acute neurological conditions in HIV-positive patients: investigations 490...

scholarly journals The combination of CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 levels during primary HIV infection predicts HIV disease progression

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowan Yin ◽  
Zhuo Wang ◽  
Tong Wu ◽  
Meichen Ma ◽  
Zining Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Point Group ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Primary Hiv Infection

Abstract Background Chemokines are small chemotactic cytokines involved in inflammation, cell migration, and immune regulation in both physiological and pathological contexts. Here, we investigated the profile of chemokines during primary HIV infection (PHI). Methods Fifty-four participants with blood samples before and during HIV infection and clinical information available were selected from an HIV-negative man who have sex with men (MSM) prospective cohort. Thirty chemokines and 10 cytokines were measured pre- and post-HIV infection in the same individuals using a Bio-Plex Pro™ Human Chemokine Panel. Results Levels of 18 chemokines/cytokines changed significantly during PHI relative to pre-HIV infection levels; 14 were up-regulated and 4 down-regulated. Among them, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were the most prominently raised. Levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 were much higher in the high-set point group (log viral load (lgVL) ≥ 4.5) than those in the low-set point group (lgVL < 4.5) and levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were higher in the low-CD4+ T-cell count group (CD4+ T-cell count ≥ 500). A formula to predict HIV disease progression using a combination panel comprising CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 was developed, where risk score = 0.007 × CXCL9 + 0.004 × CXCL10 − 0.033 × CXCL11 − 1.724, with risk score values higher than the cutoff threshold (0.5211) indicating more rapid HIV disease progression. Conclusions A panel of plasma CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 measured during primary HIV-1 infection could predict long-term HIV disease prognosis in an MSM group and has potential as a novel biomarker in the clinic.

scholarly journals Increased brain-predicted aging in treated HIV disease

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (14) ◽  
pp. 1349-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Cole ◽  
Jonathan Underwood ◽  
Matthan W.A. Caan ◽  
Davide De Francesco ◽  
Rosan A. van Zoest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Hiv Positive Adults ◽  
Brain Age ◽  
Hiv Negative

Objective:To establish whether HIV disease is associated with abnormal levels of age-related brain atrophy, by estimating apparent brain age using neuroimaging and exploring whether these estimates related to HIV status, age, cognitive performance, and HIV-related clinical parameters.Methods:A large sample of virologically suppressed HIV-positive adults (n = 162, age 45–82 years) and highly comparable HIV-negative controls (n = 105) were recruited as part of the Comorbidity in Relation to AIDS (COBRA) collaboration. Using T1-weighted MRI scans, a machine-learning model of healthy brain aging was defined in an independent cohort (n = 2,001, aged 18–90 years). Neuroimaging data from HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals were then used to estimate brain-predicted age; then brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD = brain-predicted brain age − chronological age) scores were calculated. Neuropsychological and clinical assessments were also carried out.Results:HIV-positive individuals had greater brain-PAD score (mean ± SD 2.15 ± 7.79 years) compared to HIV-negative individuals (−0.87 ± 8.40 years; b = 3.48, p < 0.01). Increased brain-PAD score was associated with decreased performance in multiple cognitive domains (information processing speed, executive function, memory) and general cognitive performance across all participants. Brain-PAD score was not associated with age, duration of HIV infection, or other HIV-related measures.Conclusion:Increased apparent brain aging, predicted using neuroimaging, was observed in HIV-positive adults, despite effective viral suppression. Furthermore, the magnitude of increased apparent brain aging related to cognitive deficits. However, predicted brain age difference did not correlate with chronological age or duration of HIV infection, suggesting that HIV disease may accentuate rather than accelerate brain aging.

Impact of Delaying Antiretroviral Treatment during Primary HIV Infection on Telomere Length

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Raffenberg ◽  
Tanja Engel ◽  
Isabella C Schoepf ◽  
Neeltje A Kootstra ◽  
Peter Reiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Primary Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Seroconversion ◽  
Chronic Hiv Infection

Abstract Background Telomere length (TL) shortens during aging, HIV-seroconversion and untreated chronic HIV infection. It is unknown whether early antiretroviral therapy (ART) start is associated with less TL shortening during primary HIV infection (PHI). Methods We measured TL in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by quantitative PCR in participants of the Zurich PHI Study with samples available for &gt;6 years. We obtained uni-/multivariable estimates from mixed-effects models and evaluated the association of delaying ART start or interrupting ART with baseline and longitudinal TL. Results In 105 participants with PHI (median age 36 years, 9% women), median ART delay was 25, 42, and 60 days, respectively, in the 1 st (shortest), 2 nd, and 3 rd (longest) ART delay tertile. First ART delay tertile was associated with longer baseline TL (p for trend=0.034), and longer TL over 6 years, but only with continuous ART (p&lt;0.001), not if ART was interrupted &gt;12 months (p=0.408). In multivariable analysis, participants in the 2 nd and 3 rd ART delay tertile had 17.6% (5.4-29.7%; p=0.004) and 21.5% (9.4-33.5%; p&lt;0.001) shorter TL, after adjustment for age, with limited effect modification by clinical variables. Discussion In PHI, delaying ART start for even a matter of weeks was associated with significant and sustained TL shortening.

scholarly journals Antigen detection in primary HIV infection

BMJ ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 296 (6617) ◽  
pp. 238-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
M von Sydow ◽  
H Gaines ◽  
A Sonnerborg ◽  
M Forsgren ◽  
P O Pehrson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Primary Hiv Infection
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