The role of superantigens of group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus in Kawasaki disease

Antimicrobial resistance is a major challenge facing modern medicine, with an estimated 700,000 people dying annually and a global cost in excess of $100 trillion. This has led to an increased need to develop new, effective treatments. This review focuses on nitroimidazoles, which have seen a resurgence in interest due to their broad spectrum of activity against anaerobic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The role of nitroreductases is to activate the antimicrobial by reducing the nitro group. A decrease in the activity of nitroreductases is associated with resistance. This review will discuss the resistance mechanisms of different disease organisms, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Helicobacter pylori and Staphylococcus aureus, and how these impact the effectiveness of specific nitroimidazoles. Perspectives in the field of nitroimidazole drug development are also summarised.

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Echtyma gangrenosum caused by coinfection with group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus: an emerging etiology? Case reports and literature review

Acta Clinica Belgica ◽

10.1080/17843286.2019.1630570 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 53-57

Author(s):

Antonio Ulpiano Trillig ◽

Véronique Y. Miendje Deyi ◽

Pierre Youatou ◽

Deborah Konopnicki

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Literature Review ◽

Group A Streptococcus ◽

Case Reports ◽

Group A ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

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Incomplete Kawasaki Disease Associated with ComplicatedStreptococcus pyogenesPneumonia: A Case Report

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2012/638357 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 137-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Timothy Ronan Leahy ◽

Eyal Cohen ◽

Upton D Allen

Keyword(s):

Kawasaki Disease ◽

Group A Streptococcus ◽

Present Report ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

High Dose ◽

Incomplete Kawasaki Disease ◽

Persistent Fever ◽

Potential Link ◽

Group A

A three-year-old boy presented with community-acquired pneumonia complicated by empyema.Streptococcus pyogenes(group A streptococcus) was identified on culture of the pleural fluid. The patient improved with antibiotic therapy and drainage of the empyema.During his convalescence, the patient developed persistent fever, lethargy and anorexia. His inflammatory markers were elevated, and repeat cultures were negative. Although the patient had none of the classical mucocutaneous features of Kawasaki disease, an echocardiogram was performed, which revealed coronary artery dilation.The patient was diagnosed with incomplete Kawasaki disease and treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and high-dose acetylsalicylic acid. The fever subsided within 48 h.To the authors’ knowledge, the present report is the first report of Kawasaki disease associated with complicatedS pyogenespneumonia. It emphasizes the importance of considering incomplete Kawasaki disease among children with persistent fever, the role of echocardiography in diagnosis, and the potential link between Kawasaki disease and superantigen-producing organisms such asS pyogenes.

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Etiology, clinical presentation, laboratory diagnostics, pathogenesis of impetigo and treatment methods

Terapevt (General Physician) ◽

10.33920/med-12-2003-07 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 64-70

Author(s):

Anastasiya Laknitskaya

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Group A Streptococcus ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Laboratory Diagnostics ◽

Treatment Methods ◽

Group A ◽

The Individual

Currently, one of the priority medical and social problems is the optimization of treatment methods for pyoderma associated with Streptococcus pyogenes — group A streptococcus (GAS). To date, the proportion of pyoderma, the etiological factor of which is Streptococcus pyogenes, is about 6 % of all skin diseases and is in the range from 17.9 to 43.9 % of all dermatoses. Role of the bacterial factor in the development of streptococcal pyoderma is obvious. Traditional treatment complex includes antibacterial drugs selected individually, taking into account the antibiotic sensitivity of pathognomonic bacteria, and it is not always effective. Currently implemented immunocorrection methods often do not take into account specific immunological features of the disease, the individual, and the fact that the skin performs the function of not only a mechanical barrier, but it is also an immunocompetent organ. Such an approach makes it necessary to conduct additional studies clarifying the role of factors of innate and adaptive immunity, intercellular mediators and antioxidant defense system, that allow to optimize the treatment of this pathology.

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