scholarly journals A strain of the bacterial symbiont Regiella insecticola protects aphids against parasitoids

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Vorburger ◽  
Lukas Gehrer ◽  
Paula Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Aphid Species ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Colemani ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbionts ◽  
Hamiltonella Defensa ◽  
Serratia Symbiotica ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid

Aphids commonly harbour facultative bacterial endosymbionts and may benefit from their presence through increased resistance to parasitoids. This has been demonstrated for Hamiltonella defensa and Serratia symbiotica , while a third common endosymbiont, Regiella insecticola , did not provide such protection. However, this symbiont was recently detected in a highly resistant clone of the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae , from Australia. To test if resistance was indeed conferred by the endosymbiont, we eliminated it from this clone with antibiotics, and we transferred it to two other clones of the same and one clone of a different aphid species ( Aphis fabae ). Exposing these lines to the parasitoid Aphidius colemani showed clearly that unlike other strains of this bacterium, this specific isolate of R. insecticola provides strong protection against parasitic wasps, suggesting that the ability to protect their host against natural enemies may evolve readily in multiple species of endosymbiotic bacteria.

scholarly journals Strong parasitoid-mediated selection in experimental populations of aphids

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Herzog ◽  
Christine B Müller ◽  
Christoph Vorburger
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Resistant Clone ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Colemani ◽  
Experimental Populations ◽  
Asexual Populations ◽  
Susceptible Clone ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid

Clonal diversity in asexual populations may be maintained if different clones are favoured under different environmental conditions. For aphids, parasitoids are an important variable of the biotic environment. To test whether parasitoids can mediate selection among host clones, we used experimental populations consisting of 10 clones of the peach–potato aphid, Myzus persicae , and allowed them to evolve for several generations either without parasitoids or in the presence of two species of parasitoid wasps. In the absence of parasitoids, strong shifts in clonal frequencies occurred, mostly in favour of clones with high rates of increase. The parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae hardly affected aphid densities but changed the outcome of competition by favouring one entirely resistant clone and disfavouring a highly susceptible clone. Aphidius colemani , the more infective parasitoid, strongly reduced aphid densities and dramatically changed host clonal frequencies. The most resistant clone, not a successful clone without parasitoids, became totally dominant. These results highlight the potential of temporal or spatial variation in parasitoid densities to maintain clonal diversity in their aphid hosts.

Comparative propensity for dispersal of apterous and alate morphs of three potato-colonizing aphid species

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1396-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Boiteau
Keyword(s):  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Flight Chamber ◽  
Aphis Nasturtii ◽  
Potato Aphids

The relative ability of apterous and alate morphs of aphids to disperse from one potato leaflet to another was similar within species. Three species were tested: the buckthorn aphid, Aphis nasturtii Kaltenbach, the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), and the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). The average percentage of aphids moving daily from one leaflet to another never exceeded 2.5% for nymphs of the three species, but reached 45% for the adult winged buckthorn aphid. During the first half of the reproductive period, adult potato aphids were 1.5 times as likely as buckthorn aphids and twice as likely as green peach aphids to relocate daily. In a flight chamber, buckthorn aphids flew 4.5 times longer than green peach or potato aphids. The maiden flights of these summer forms were interrupted by repeated landings lasting less than 2 min. The maiden flights were interrupted more than twice as often for the buckthorn aphid as for the potato aphid. The number of flight interruptions was intermediate for the green peach aphid. Selected dispersal parameters for these aphid species are compared with those for the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli, an occasional potato-colonizing species. The percentage of green peach and potato aphids taking flight was significantly correlated with the temperature in the flight chamber. The implication of these results for the distribution of aphid populations and the epidemiology of viral diseases is discussed.

scholarly journals Parasitoids as vectors of facultative bacterial endosymbionts in aphids

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Gehrer ◽  
Christoph Vorburger
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Diagnostic Pcr ◽  
Sexual Generation ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbionts ◽  
Symbiont Transmission ◽  
Hamiltonella Defensa ◽  
The Many ◽  
First Time ◽  
Male To Female

Heritable bacterial endosymbionts play an important role in aphid ecology. Sequence-based evidence suggests that facultative symbionts such as Hamiltonella defensa or Regiella insecticola also undergo horizontal transmission. Other than through male-to-female transfer during the sexual generation in autumn, the routes by which this occurs remain largely unknown. Here, we tested if parasitoids or ectoparasitic mites can act as vectors for horizontal transfer of facultative symbionts. Using symbiont-specific primers for diagnostic PCR, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that parasitoids can indeed transfer H. defensa and R. insecticola by sequentially stabbing infected and uninfected individuals of their host, Aphis fabae , establishing new, heritable infections. Thus, a natural route of horizontal symbiont transmission is also available during the many clonal generations of the aphid life cycle. No transmissions by ectoparasitic mites were observed, nor did parasitoids that emerged from symbiont-infected aphids transfer any symbionts in our experiments.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Intra- and Inter-Specific Genomic Variability in the Peach Potato Aphid, Myzus persicae

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandrioli ◽  
Salvatore ◽  
Ferrari ◽  
Patelli ◽  
Manicardi
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Gene Duplications ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Genomic Variability ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid

The availability of genomic data in the last decade relating to different aphid species has allowed the analysis of the genomic variability occurring among such species, whereas intra-specific variability has hitherto very largely been neglected. In order to analyse the intra-genomic variability in the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae, comparative analyses were performed revealing several clone-specific gene duplications, together with numerous deletions/rearrangements. Our comparative approach also allowed us to evaluate the synteny existing between the two M. persicae clones tested and between the peach potato aphid and the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Even if part of the observed rearrangements are related to a low quality of some assembled contigs and/or to the high number of contigs present in these aphid genomes, our evidence reveals that aphid clones are genetically more different than expected. These results suggest that the choice of performing genomes sequencing combining different biotypes/populations, as revealed in the case of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, is unlikely to be very informative in aphids. Interestingly, it is possible that the holocentric nature of aphid chromosomes favours genome rearrangements that can be successively inherited transgenerationally via the aphid’s apomictic (parthenogenetic) mode of reproduction. Lastly, we evaluated the structure of the cluster of genes coding for the five histones (H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) in order to better understand the quality of the two M. persicae genomes and thereby to improve our knowledge of this functionally important gene family.

Supercooling ability of aphid populations from British Columbia and the Canadian Arctic

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose O'Doherty ◽  
Richard A. Ring
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid ◽  
Aphid Populations

Adults and first-instar nymphs of the peach–potato aphid Myzus persicae of Canadian origin maintained under favourable laboratory conditions were capable of extensive supercooling potential, to below −20 °C, as were summer morphs which were field collected in British Columbia. Adult Aphis epilobii collected in summer from the Arctic also possessed considerable supercooling capacity. The data are comparable with those gathered in other aphid cold hardiness studies and suggest that a general pattern of supercooling potential may exist in aphid species and may be independent of geographical or habitat origins.

scholarly journals Intron-Containing Hairpin RNA Interference Vector for OBP8 Show Promising Mortality in Peach Potato Aphid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Afroz ◽  
Safeena Aslam ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Muhammad Faheem Malik ◽  
Nadia Zeeshan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Hairpin Rna ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Odorant Binding ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid

Abstract Myzus persicae is a devastating pest affecting potato production. RNA Interference technology is used against essential odorant binding protein 8 (OBP8) to enhance protection against Myzus persicae in potato. Gene was isolated, sequenced and GenBank IDs were allotted and ERNAi was used to design siRNA targets from OBP8 with no off-targets. Multiple Sequence Alignment show M. persicae OBP8 resemblance with Acyrthosiphon pisum, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Aphis fabae, and Sitobion avenae. DsRNA (7 µg/µl) oral acquisition had resulted in 69% mortality and 58% reduction in OBP8 expression 8D post dsRNA feeding in comparison to control. Golden Gate (GG) cloning based RNAigg is used for RNA interference taking advantage of type IIs restriction enzyme Eco31I. Agro infiltration assay was used for introduction of intron-containing hairpin RNA (ihpRNA) in Solanum tuberosum. Aphids feeding on transgenic S. tuberosum show 57.6% mortality and 49% reduction in OBP8 expression 8d post-feeding in comparison to control. This work proves OBP8 as promising ihpRNA targets in potato and related crops for whom Myzus is a devastating target.

scholarly journals Capsella bursa-pastoris Is a Key Overwintering Plant for Aphids in the Mediterranean Region

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Serdar Satar ◽  
Nickolas G. Kavallieratos ◽  
Mustafa Tüfekli ◽  
Gül Satar ◽  
Christos G. Athanassiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Aphidius Colemani ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Globally Distributed

The reproduction of aphids depends to a great extent on their host plants, an integration that impacts on the successful expansion of overwintering populations. Therefore, a survey was conducted to evaluate the globally distributed Capsella bursa-pastoris as an overwintering host of economically important aphid species, their parasitoids and hyperparasitoids in the southern and western regions of Turkey from November to March in 2006 to 2013. During this survey, 395 samples of C. bursa-pastoris were collected with 25 aphid species recorded. Among aphids that feed on this host, Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Rhopalosiphum padi, Aphis fabae, Aphis craccivora, Lipaphis erysimi, and Brevicoryne brassicae were the most frequently recorded. In total, 10,761 individual parasitoids were identified. Binodoxys angelicae, Aphidius colemani, Aphidius matricariae, Diaeretiella rapae, Ephedrus persicae, and Lysiphlebus confusus were the most abundant aphidiines that emerged from the aphids collected from C. bursa-pastoris. Alloxysta spp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea), Chalcidoidea (unidentified at genus level), and Dendrocerus spp. (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea) were identified as hyperparasitoids on the parasitoids. These findings indicate that C. bursa-pastoris is a key non-agricultural plant that significantly contributes to the overwintering of numerous aphids and their parasitoids, which should be given serious consideration when biological control strategies are designed.

scholarly journals The properties of a carboxylesterase from the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulz.), and its role in conferring insecticide resistance

1977 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Devonshire
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Order Rate Constant ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
First Order ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid

Carboxylesterases from different strains of Myzus persicae were examined to try to understand their contribution to insecticide resistance. Preliminary evidence that they are involved comes from the good correlation between the degree of resistance and the carboxylesterase and paraoxon-degrading activity in aphid homogenates. Furthermore the carboxylesterase associated with resistance could not be separated from the insecticide-degrading enzyme by electrophoresis or ion-exchange chromatography. Homogenates of resistant aphids hydrolysed paraoxon 60 times faster than did those of susceptible aphids, yet the purified enzymes from both sources had identical catalytic-centre activities towards this substrate and also towards naphth-1-yl acetate, the latter being hydrolysed by both 2×106 times faster than paraoxon. These observations provide evidence that the enzyme from both sources is identical, and that one enzyme hydrolyses both substrates. This was confirmed by relating the rate of paraoxon hydrolysis to the rate at which paraoxon-inhibited carboxylesterase re-activated. Both had the same first-order rate constant (0.01min−1), showing clearly that the hydrolysis of both substrates is brought about by the same enzyme. Its Km for naphth-1-yl acetate was 0.131mm, and for paraoxon 75pm. The latter very small value could not be measured directly, but was calculated from substrate-competition studies coupled with measurements of re-activation of the diethyl phosphorylated enzyme. Since the purified enzymes from resistant and susceptible aphids had the same catalytic-centre activity, the 60-fold difference between strains must be caused by different amounts of the same enzyme resulting from mutations of the regulator gene(s) rather than of the structural gene.

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