scholarly journals Increased responsiveness in feeding behaviour of Caenorhabditis elegans after experimental coevolution with its microparasite Bacillus thuringiensis

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca D. Schulte ◽  
Barbara Hasert ◽  
Carsten Makus ◽  
Nico K. Michiels ◽  
Hinrich Schulenburg
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Free Food ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
Evolution Experiment ◽  
Food Conditions ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Defence Strategy ◽  
Host Parasite

Immune responses, either constitutive or induced, are costly. An alternative defence strategy may be based on behavioural responses. For example, avoidance behaviour reduces contact with pathogens and thus the risk of infection as well as the requirement of immune system activation. Similarly, if pathogens are taken up orally, preferential feeding of pathogen-free food may be advantageous. Behavioural defences have been found in many animals, including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . We here tested nematodes from a laboratory based evolution experiment which had either coevolved with their microparasite Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) or evolved under control conditions. After 48 generations, coevolved populations were more sensitive to food conditions: in comparison with the controls, they reduced feeding activity in the presence of pathogenic BT strains while at the same time increasing it in the presence of non-pathogenic strains. We conclude that host–parasite coevolution can drive changes in the behavioural responsiveness to bacterial microbes, potentially leading to an increased defence against pathogens.

scholarly journals Host–parasite local adaptation after experimental coevolution of Caenorhabditis elegans and its microparasite Bacillus thuringiensis

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1719) ◽  
pp. 2832-2839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca D. Schulte ◽  
Carsten Makus ◽  
Barbara Hasert ◽  
Nico K. Michiels ◽  
Hinrich Schulenburg
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Adaptation Pattern ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Host Parasite

Coevolving hosts and parasites can adapt to their local antagonist. In studies on natural populations, the observation of local adaptation patterns is thus often taken as indirect evidence for coevolution. Based on this approach, coevolution was previously inferred from an overall pattern of either parasite or host local adaptation. Many studies, however, failed to detect such a pattern. One explanation is that the studied system was not subject to coevolution. Alternatively, coevolution occurred, but remained undetected because it took different routes in different populations. In some populations, it is the host that is locally adapted, whereas in others it is the parasite, leading to the absence of an overall local adaptation pattern. Here, we test for overall as well as population-specific patterns of local adaptation using experimentally coevolved populations of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and its bacterial microparasite Bacillus thuringiensis . Furthermore, we assessed the importance of random interaction effects using control populations that evolved in the absence of the respective antagonist. Our results demonstrate that experimental coevolution produces distinct local adaptation patterns in different replicate populations, including host, parasite or absence of local adaptation. Our study thus provides experimental evidence of the predictions of the geographical mosaic theory of coevolution, i.e. that the interaction between parasite and host varies across populations.

scholarly journals Balloon cells promote immune system activation in focal cortical dysplasia type 2B

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till S. Zimmer ◽  
Diede W.M. Broekaart ◽  
Mark Luinenburg ◽  
Caroline Mijnsbergen ◽  
Jasper J. Anink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Focal Cortical Dysplasia ◽  
Cortical Dysplasia ◽  
Balloon Cells ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and immune cell activation quantification in sepsis and non-sepsis critical care patients by neopterin/7,8-dihydroneopterin analysis

Pteridines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Gregory Baxter-Parker ◽  
Ravinder Reddy Gaddam ◽  
Elena Moltchanova ◽  
Anitra Carr ◽  
Geoff Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Intensive Care Patients ◽  
Immune Cell Activation ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Urinary Neopterin ◽  
Critical Care Patients

AbstractIntroduction: Neopterin and 7,8-dihydroneopterin are used as biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, but the effect of kidney function on these measurements has not been extensively explored. We examine the levels of oxidative stress, inflammation and kidney function in intensive patients and compare them to equivalent patients without sepsis.Methods: 34 Intensive care patients were selected for the study, 14 without sepsis and 20 with. Both groups had equivalent levels of trauma, assessed by SAPS II, SOFA, and APACHE II and III scores. Plasma and urinary neopterin and total neopterin (neopterin + 7,8-dihydroneopterin) values were measured.Results: Neopterin and total neopterin were significantly elevated in urine and plasma for multiple days in sepsis versus non-sepsis patients. Plasma neopterin and total neopterin have decreasing relationships with increased eGFR (p<0.008 and p<0.001, respectively). Plasma/urinary neopterin and total neopterin ratios demonstrate that total neopterin flux is more influenced by eGFR than neopterin, with significantce of p<0.02 and p<0.0002 respectively.Conclusion: Sepsis patients present with greater levels of oxidative stress and immune system activation than non-sepsis patients of equal levels of trauma, as measured by neopterin and total neopterin. eGFR may need to be taken into account when accessing the level of inflammation from urinary neopterin measurements.

The role of Caenorhabditis elegans insulin‐like signaling in the behavioral avoidance of pathogenic Bacillus thuringiensis

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1801-1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hasshoff ◽  
Claudia Höhnisch ◽  
Daniela Tonn ◽  
Barbara Hasert ◽  
Hinrich Schulenburg
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Behavioral Avoidance

scholarly journals Expression of Phosphocitrate-Targeted Genes in Osteoarthritis Menisci

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubo Sun ◽  
David R. Mauerhan ◽  
Nury M. Steuerwald ◽  
Jane Ingram ◽  
Jeffrey S. Kneisl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Collagen Type ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Disease Modifying

Phosphocitrate (PC) inhibited calcium crystal-associated osteoarthritis (OA) in Hartley guinea pigs. However, the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study sought to determine PC targeted genes and the expression of select PC targeted genes in OA menisci to test hypothesis that PC exerts its disease modifying activity in part by reversing abnormal expressions of genes involved in OA. We found that PC downregulated the expression of numerous genes classified in immune response, inflammatory response, and angiogenesis, including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIIb receptor (FCGR3B), and leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, subfamily B member 3 (LILRB3). In contrast, PC upregulated the expression of many genes classified in skeletal development, including collagen type II alpha1, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), and SRY- (sex determining region Y-) box 9 (SOX-9). Immunohistochemical examinations revealed higher levels of FCGR3B and LILRB3 and lower level of SOX-9 in OA menisci. These findings indicate that OA is a disease associated with immune system activation and decreased expression of SOX-9 gene in OA menisci. PC exerts its disease modifying activity on OA, at least in part, by targeting immune system activation and the production of extracellular matrix and selecting chondroprotective proteins.

A mechanistic study of immune system activation by fusion of antigens with the ligand-binding domain of CTLA4

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1504-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhanalakshmi Chinnasamy ◽  
Matt Tector ◽  
Nachimuthu Chinnasamy ◽  
Kate Dennert ◽  
Karen M. Kozinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Ligand Binding Domain ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation

The G allele in IL-10-1082 G/A may have a role in lowering the susceptibility to panic disorder in female patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Joon Kim ◽  
Yong-Ku Kim
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
System Activation ◽  
And Control

BackgroundImmune system activation is involved in the pathophysiology of panic disorder (PD). We investigated INF-γ+874 A/T, TNF-α-308 G/A, and IL-10-1082 G/A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to determine their association with PD.MethodThis study enroled 135 PD patients and 135 healthy controls. INF-γ+874 A/T (rs2430561), TNF-α-308 G/A (rs1800629), and IL-10-1082 G/A (rs1800896) were genotyped.ResultsThere were no differences in genotypes or allele frequencies between the patient and control groups, regardless of accompanying agoraphobia. However, for female patients, the G allele frequency in IL-10 SNP was higher in the control group than in the patient group. Additionally, the female control group had a higher frequency of the A/G and G/G genotype in the IL-10 SNP than the female patient group.ConclusionWe suggest that the G allele in IL-10-1082 G/A might have a role in reducing the manifestations of PD in female patients. Further studies are needed to extend and confirm our findings.

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