scholarly journals Perceptions of enhanced weathering as a biological negative emissions option

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 20170024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick F. Pidgeon ◽  
Elspeth Spence
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Risk Minimization ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Emissions ◽  
Natural Carbon ◽  
Responsible Research ◽  
Innovation Processes

This paper addresses the social acceptability of enhanced weathering, a technology that would involve spreading silicate particles over terrestrial surfaces in order to boost the biological processes that currently sequester CO 2 as part of the earth's natural carbon cycle. We present the first exploration of British attitudes towards enhanced weathering, using an online survey ( n = 935) of a representative quota sample of the public. Baseline awareness of weathering was extremely low. Many respondents remained undecided or neutral about risks, although more people support than oppose weathering. Factors predicting support for weathering and its research included feelings about the technology and trust in scientists. Over half of the sample agrees that scientists should be able to conduct research into effectiveness and risks, but with conditions also placed upon how research is conducted, including the need for scientific independence, small-scale trials, strict monitoring, risk minimization and transparency of results. Public engagement is needed to explore in more detail why particular individuals feel either positive or negative about weathering, and why they believe particular conditions should be applied to research, as part of wider responsible research and innovation processes for biological and other types of negative emissions technologies.

scholarly journals Facial Feminization Surgery Changes Perception of Patient Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Fisher ◽  
Stephen M Lu ◽  
Kevin Chen ◽  
Ben Zhang ◽  
Marcelo Di Maggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Confidence Score ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Female Hormone ◽  
The Public ◽  
Patient Gender ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face

Abstract Background The goal of facial feminization surgery (FFS) is to feminize the sexually dimorphic characteristics of the face and enable transwomen to be correctly gendered as female. Studies have demonstrated high patient satisfaction with FFS. However, the correct gendering of patients after FFS has never been objectively studied. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine if FFS changed the perceived gender of patients in the public eye. Methods An online survey platform with control photographs of cis-gender males and cis-gender females as well as preoperative and postoperative FFS patients was created. Respondents were asked to identify patients as “male” or “female” and to assign a confidence score ranging from –10 (masculine) to +10 (feminine) (n = 802). Results Cis-gender male and female controls were gendered correctly 99% and 99.38% of the time and with a confidence metric (CM) of –8.96 and 8.93, respectively. Preoperative FFS patients were gendered as female 57.31% of the time with a CM of 1.41 despite hormone therapy, makeup, and hairstyle. Postoperative FFS patients were gendered as female 94.27% of the time with a CM of 7.78. Ninety-five percent of patients showed a significant improvement in CM after FFS. Conclusions This study illustrates that FFS changes the social perception of a patient’s gender. Patients after FFS are more likely to be identified as female and with greater confidence than before surgery. This is despite preoperative female hormone therapy, and nonsurgical methods that patients use to feminize their appearance. Level of Evidence: 4

scholarly journals The Role of Participation in the Responsible Innovation Framework for Biofuels Projects: Can It Be Assessed?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Marques Postal ◽  
Gabriela Benatti ◽  
Mar Palmeros Parada ◽  
Lotte Asveld ◽  
Patrícia Osseweijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Responsible Research ◽  
Social And Environmental Impacts

The growth in biofuels’ investment brings with it concerns about the social and environmental impacts of the sector. Several tools and frameworks have been used to address these concerns, including the Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) framework. This paper analyzes whether this framework can be applied in contexts where local culture and values shape differently the freedom of speech and engagement, such as in developing countries in which biofuel innovation projects are often implemented. A literature review focused on eight case studies of other authors was used to explore the role of “participation” as a structural element of the RRI framework and the impact of its absence where effective participation in the innovation development process is not possible. In conclusion, we highlight how this inspirational normative framework, designed to influence innovation, is misused to judge its impacts. More than that, the conclusions of such misused applications reflect more the difficulties involved in applying guidelines than the responsible character of the innovation, whose impacts are usually defined upfront materially and measurably.

Race and attitudes toward police: the mediating effect of social distance

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joongyeup Lee ◽  
Jennifer C. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Community Policing ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Attitudes Toward The Police

Purpose – Given the consistent finding in the literature that members of minority groups hold less favorable views of the police than white citizens, social distance may be an important, yet untested, mediator. The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of social distance net of other established correlates. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of students attending a university in the northeastern USA completed an online survey in 2013. The survey was about their contact with the police, attitudes toward the police, and lifestyles, among others. Findings – Race, along with other predictors, significantly influenced confidence in police. However, race is the only factor that turns nonsignificant when social distance is included in the model. Mediation tests confirmed that social distance mediates the relationship between race and confidence in the police. Research limitations/implications – To maximize confidence in the police, administrators should focus on closing the social distance between the public and the police through initiatives like community policing. Originality/value – While there is extensive research on public attitudes toward the police, social distance has been neglected as a determinant, despite movements like community policing that promote citizens’ relational closeness to the police – that is, to decrease the social distance between police and the public. The current study would be an exploratory study and reference for future studies.

scholarly journals Learning Responsibility - Teaching Sustainability. Experiential and Transformative Learning in a Business School

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Gabriella Kiss ◽  
Tamás Veress ◽  
Alexandra Köves
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Transformative Learning ◽  
Approaches To Learning ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
Nature And Society ◽  
Responsible Research

The emerging concept of responsible research and innovation (RRI) in some ways always relates to sustainability. In the transition towards sustainability, the authors need to build responsibility for both society and the environment in higher education and management education. Non-formal approaches to learning provide an opportunity to transform a student’s ‘head, heart and hand’, including at the social level as well. This paper showcases the role of experiential and transformative learning in higher education practice. Two of their courses are described and analysed, which are intended to familiarise students with the problem of sustainability within economic higher education. The authors share the theoretical and practical experiences of designing, teaching and assessing these courses. They aim to contribute to the discussion on how business education could be producing useful and credible knowledge that addresses problems important to nature and society.

scholarly journals Responsible Research and Innovation: an opportunity to develop creative skills at Higher Education

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar Carrió ◽  
Gemma Rodríguez ◽  
Núria Saladié ◽  
Gema Revuelta ◽  
Clara Vizuete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Summer School ◽  
Responsible Research And Innovation ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
Inquiry Based Learning ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Professional Success ◽  
Transformative Potential ◽  
Responsible Research ◽  
Innovation Processes

During the last decades, research and innovation have experienced a revolution that has lead to new challenge, and creativity has been identified as a main skill for professional success. In this context, not only concerns about involving society in research and innovation processes have been increasing but also to make this process responsible. Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) has been defined as the approach for making research and innovation a collaborative, intergenerational and democratic process. The HEIRRI project aims to integrate RRI at all stages of education with the creation of different programs in Higher Eduaction. The aim of this study is assess how creativity has been developed in an RRI framework in the HEIRRI Summer School programme troughout an Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) approach. On the basis of the results, this paper highlights that the IBL approach, but also the RRI framework foster creativity development in a research proposal design but also that have an impact on how researchers’ perceive their profession. This paper concludes that integral elements of this pedagogical approach and RRI, such as discussion, multidisciplinarity and including different voices and perspectives are main ingredients to promote creativity in research and innovation processes and have a transformative potential.

Challenges to the Story of Innovation

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Michiel van Oudheusden
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Responsible Research And Innovation ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Responsible Research ◽  
Technological Decision Making

This chapter sets out the meanings attached to the concept of ‘innovation’ and asks how it has recently come to occupy the political and economic position it now holds. Drawing from science and technology studies, which has long sought to better incorporate the public in technological decision-making, it explores the impetus towards connecting ‘responsibility’ with ‘innovation’ and the context from which this derives. Finally, it examines how this impetus has become incorporated into various frameworks for Responsible (Research and) Innovation, and what is missing from this approach in terms of understanding the place of ‘innovation’ in the present political economy, and the place of politics in innovation.

Diversity, toleration and recent social contract theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-554
Author(s):  
James W. Boettcher
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Public Reason ◽  
Contract Theory ◽  
Political Liberalism ◽  
Social Contract Theory ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Experimentation

Ryan Muldoon has recently advanced an interesting and original bargaining model of the social contract as an alternative to Rawlsian social contract theory and political liberalism. This model is said to provide a more plausible account of social stability and the acceptance of diversity, at least as compared to those approaches that emphasize the traditional liberal idea of toleration. I challenge this claim by pursuing three criticisms of Muldoon’s new social contract theory. First, the principle of distribution that he proposes is likely to be rejected by some (or even many) members of the public, due to its indeterminacy or highly inegalitarian implications. Second, Muldoon tends to reduce the benefits of cooperation to gains from trade, ignoring other cooperative benefits that complicate his call for small-scale social experimentation. Finally, while motivating the acceptance of diversity is a commendable goal, distinguishing more defensible conceptions of toleration from less defensible conceptions requires attending to those elements of political liberalism that Muldoon seems to abandon, namely, standards of public reason and public justification.

scholarly journals TEACHER TRAINING AT CHEMISTRY FACULTIES – MUTUAL BENEFITS? A CASE STUDY BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE IRRESISTIBLE PROJECT

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Iwona Maciejowska ◽  
Jan Apotheker
Keyword(s):  
Chemistry Education ◽  
Educational Science ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Pedagogical Skills ◽  
Class Management ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Framework Programme Project ◽  
Responsible Research

The training of teachers at educational science faculties prepares them better to deal with class management, individualization of teaching, evaluating, problems with motivation, etc. Teachers educated at chemistry faculties have a profound and well-established knowledge in the field of chemistry, but they demonstrate limited pedagogical skills. Recently, the collaboration between chemists, researchers in chemistry education and chemistry teachers has become more intense. In 2013, the Jagiellonian University joined the 7th Framework Programme project – IRRESISTIBLE (http://www.irresistible-project.eu). The goal of the project IRRESISTIBLE is to design activities that foster the involvement of students and the public in the process of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI). A case study based on the example of the IRRESISTIBLE project is presented. Some interesting results are discussed. Key words: educational science, science education, teacher education.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Kieran Heinemann
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Popular Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Market Practices ◽  
High Level ◽  
Public Imagination

The book gains new insights into the history of Britain’s stock market by foregrounding the power of popular knowledge and specific market practices from a ‘bottom-up’ perspective. Alongside high-level financiers, the voices of the small-scale participants of the market will be heard, an approach that yields a subtle narrative of cultural change and adaptation. Throughout the century, a popular knowledge of the stock market was promoted by the financial press and by numerous investment guides that sold millions of copies. This exposure to the market in everyday life has been overlooked by other accounts preoccupied with intellectuals and economists, Westminster politics, and the engine rooms of high finance. Contextualizing specific financial practices of retail investors offers a better understanding of how the stock market captured the public imagination. In doing so, Playing the Market takes issue with the way the investing public has been conceptualized in the existing literature: all too often the actual investors are either absent from the narrative or are implied to be a homogenous group of rational actors who consciously adjust to changing economic parameters. However, if we listen to their voices and stories, the diversity of attitudes towards investment and speculation comes to the fore as well as the inherent difficulty of distinguishing between the two categories. What some investors considered a perfectly legitimate way of making money, others may have viewed as immoral profiteering. The ensuing moral debates over the social value of buying and selling financial securities mattered profoundly for the legitimacy and popularity of capitalism.

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