scholarly journals Local adaptation from afar: migratory bird populations diverge in the initiation of reproductive timing while wintering in sympatry

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 20200493
Author(s):  
S. M. Wanamaker ◽  
D. Singh ◽  
A. J. Byrd ◽  
T. M. Smiley ◽  
E. D. Ketterson
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Junco Hyemalis ◽  
Time Reproduction ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Seasonally Breeding

The initiation of reproduction in many seasonally breeding animals is controlled by photoperiod and tends to be clinal: populations at higher latitudes breed later than those at lower latitudes, often reflecting a higher photoperiodic threshold. Migratory animals presumably time reproduction to match conditions at their breeding grounds, at least in part, by cues perceived on their wintering grounds. We asked how closely related dark-eyed junco ( Junco hyemalis ) populations that overwinter in sympatry but breed in allopatry respond to their shared winter environment by comparing early spring indices of readiness to migrate (fat and muscle condition) and breed (baseline and elevated testosterone). We measured stable hydrogen isotopes from feathers grown the preceding year and claws grown during winter to estimate breeding and wintering latitudes, respectively. We predicted that if reproductive initiation is adapted to the emergence of resources at their respective breeding destinations, then birds migrating to higher latitudes (slate-coloured junco; J. h. hyemalis ) should delay breeding as compared with those migrating to lower latitudes (pink-sided junco; J. h. mearnsi ) despite a common overwinter environment. We found higher testosterone in pink-sided juncos, consistent with earlier reproductive initiation, suggesting local adaptation in reproductive phenology is achieved through differential responses to predictive environmental cues.

scholarly journals First Off-Shore Site Bird Monitoring In Poland (Debki-Białogóra, 2002–2004)

The Ring ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Busse
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
The North ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Bird Monitoring ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Wintering Areas

Abstract Due to the presence along the Polish Baltic coast of migratory bird flyways from north-eastern European breeding grounds to wintering areas distributed on continental shelf waters of western and southwestern Europe, the area has been designated as a NATURA 2000 site (PLB 990002). Therefore the site of a planned off-shore wind farm in this area requires monitoring as to its potential influence on birds. This was the first such monitoring performed in Poland. The expanse of water covered by the research included the planned location of the wind farm as well as adjacent areas. A series of 15 investigative cruises were undertaken from the beginning of October to the beginning of May. The period of observations was divided into five seasons: early autumn, late autumn, winter, early spring and late spring. The standard method of counting birds on transects in the form of strips reaching 300 m from the ship was used in the research, as well as the ‘snapshot’ technique (scan with bands transect with snapshot technique). Additional observations were made from a point on the shore. In the study area maritime birds are present in low or moderate densities, with localized clusters. Two diving benthophagous species dominate: the Long-tailed Duck (58.9%) and the Velvet Scoter (34.3%). The next two commonest species have a share of over 1% within the community – the Common Scoter (3.2%) and the Herring Gull (2.4%). Other species are very uncommon. There is very high fluctuation in the number of birds both observed on the water surface and seen in the air. In the area studied no pronounced migratory passage of waterfowl was observed; the usual migratory flyways probably lie farther to the north and the birds observed in flight perform mainly local movements. Observed bird densities in the study area are considerably lower (52.0 ind./km2) than those estimated for the entire NATURA 2000 area (116.7 ind./km2). In the area of the planned wind farm densities are even lower (36.1 ind./km2, i.e. 31% of the NATURA 2000 level), while densities in neighbouring areas are still below the NATURA 2000 average. In the subsequent administrative procedure the area was not accepted as the location of the planned wind farm.

scholarly journals The Impact of Microclimate on the Reproductive Phenology of Female Populus tomentosa in a Micro-Scale Urban Green Space in Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3518
Author(s):  
Xiaoyi Xing ◽  
Li Dong ◽  
Cecil Konijnendijk ◽  
Peiyao Hao ◽  
Shuxin Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Populus Tomentosa ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
The Impact

The spatial variation of poplars’ reproductive phenology in Beijing’s urban area has aggravated the threat of poplar fluff (cotton-like flying seeds) to public health. This research explored the impact of microclimate conditions on the reproductive phenology of female Populus tomentosa in Taoranting Park, a micro-scale green space in Beijing (range <1 km). The observed phenophases covered flowering, fruiting, and seed dispersal, and ENVI-MET was applied to simulate the effect of the microclimate on SGS (start day of the growing season). The results showed that a significant spatial variation in poplar reproductive phenology existed at the research site. The variation was significantly affected by the microclimate factors DMT (daily mean temperature) and DMH (daily mean heat transfer coefficient), with air temperature playing a primary role. Specifically, the phenology of flowering and fruiting phenophases (BBB, BF, FF, FS) was negatively correlated with DMT (−0.983 ≤ r ≤ −0.908, p <0.01) and positively correlated with DMH (0.769 ≤ r ≤ 0.864, p < 0.05). In contrast, DSD (duration of seed dispersal) showed a positive correlation with DMT (r = 0.946, p < 0.01) and a negative correlation with DMH (r = −0.922, p < 0.01). Based on the findings, the increase in air convection with lower air temperature and decrease in microclimate variation in green space can be an effective way to shorten the seed-flying duration to tackle poplar fluff pollution in Beijing’s early spring.

scholarly journals Rainfall-induced changes in food availability modify the spring departure programme of a migratory bird

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1723) ◽  
pp. 3437-3443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin E. Studds ◽  
Peter P. Marra
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Climatic Warming ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
American Redstarts ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Induced Changes

Climatic warming has intensified selection for earlier reproduction in many organisms, but potential constraints imposed by climate change outside the breeding period have received little attention. Migratory birds provide an ideal model for exploring such constraints because they face warming temperatures on temperate breeding grounds and declining rainfall on many tropical non-breeding areas. Here, we use longitudinal data on spring departure dates of American redstarts ( Setophaga ruticilla ) to show that annual variation in tropical rainfall and food resources are associated with marked change in the timing of spring departure of the same individuals among years. This finding challenges the idea that photoperiod alone regulates the onset of migration, providing evidence that intensifying drought in the tropical winter could hinder adaptive responses to climatic warming in the temperate zone.

Breakdown in spawning synchrony: A silent threat to coral persistence

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 365 (6457) ◽  
pp. 1002-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Shlesinger ◽  
Yossi Loya
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Broadcast Spawning ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Coral Spawning ◽  
New Recruits ◽  
Spawning Synchrony ◽  
Current Paradigm

The impacts of human and natural disturbances on coral reefs are typically quantified through visible damage (e.g., reduced coral coverage as a result of bleaching events), but changes in environmental conditions may also cause damage in less visible ways. Despite the current paradigm, which suggests consistent, highly synchronized spawning events, corals that reproduce by broadcast spawning are particularly vulnerable because their reproductive phenology is governed by environmental cues. Here, we quantify coral spawning intensity during four annual reproductive seasons, alongside laboratory analyses at the polyp, colony, and population levels, and we demonstrate that, compared with historical data, several species from the Red Sea have lost their reproductive synchrony. Ultimately, such a synchrony breakdown reduces the probability of successful fertilization, leading to a dearth of new recruits, which may drive aging populations to extinction.

scholarly journals Novel methods reveal shifts in migration phenology of barn swallows in South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1733) ◽  
pp. 1485-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Res Altwegg ◽  
Kristin Broms ◽  
Birgit Erni ◽  
Phoebe Barnard ◽  
Guy F. Midgley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Barn Swallows

Many migratory bird species, including the barn swallow ( Hirundo rustica ), have advanced their arrival date at Northern Hemisphere breeding grounds, showing a clear biotic response to recent climate change. Earlier arrival helps maintain their synchrony with earlier springs, but little is known about the associated changes in phenology at their non-breeding grounds. Here, we examine the phenology of barn swallows in South Africa, where a large proportion of the northern European breeding population spends its non-breeding season. Using novel analytical methods based on bird atlas data, we show that swallows first arrive in the northern parts of the country and gradually appear further south. On their north-bound journey, they leave South Africa rapidly, resulting in mean stopover durations of 140 days in the south and 180 days in the north. We found that swallows are now leaving northern parts of South Africa 8 days earlier than they did 20 years ago, and so shortened their stay in areas where they previously stayed the longest. By contrast, they did not shorten their stopover in other parts of South Africa, leading to a more synchronized departure across the country. Departure was related to environmental variability, measured through the Southern Oscillation Index. Our results suggest that these birds gain their extended breeding season in Europe partly by leaving South Africa earlier, and thus add to scarce evidence for phenology shifts in the Southern Hemisphere.

Impact of hydro-thermal conditions on the spatio-temporal patterns of migratory bird populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
赵红梅 ZHAO Hongmei ◽  
陈晓玲 CHEN Xiaoling ◽  
徐冰 XU Bing ◽  
冯炼 FENG Lian
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals The implications of mid‐latitude climate extremes for North American migratory bird populations

Ecosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. La Sorte ◽  
Wesley M. Hochachka ◽  
Andrew Farnsworth ◽  
André A. Dhondt ◽  
Daniel Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Bird Populations

scholarly journals Seasonal changes in the altitudinal distribution of nocturnally migrating birds during autumn migration

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 150347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. La Sorte ◽  
Wesley M. Hochachka ◽  
Andrew Farnsworth ◽  
Daniel Sheldon ◽  
Benjamin M. Van Doren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Polar Front ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Intermediate Distance ◽  
Migrating Birds

Wind plays a significant role in the flight altitudes selected by nocturnally migrating birds. At mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, atmospheric conditions are dictated by the polar-front jet stream, whose amplitude increases in the autumn. One consequence for migratory birds is that the region’s prevailing westerly winds become progressively stronger at higher migration altitudes. We expect this seasonality in wind speed to result in migrants occupying progressively lower flight altitudes, which we test using density estimates of nocturnal migrants at 100 m altitudinal intervals from 12 weather surveillance radar stations located in the northeastern USA. Contrary to our expectations, median migration altitudes deviated little across the season, and the variance was lower during the middle of the season and higher during the beginning and especially the end of the season. Early-season migrants included small- to intermediate-sized long-distance migrants in the orders Charadriiformes and Passeriformes, and late-season migrants included large-bodied and intermediate-distance migrants in the order Anseriformes. Therefore, seasonality in the composition of migratory species, and related variation in migration strategies and behaviours, resulted in a convex–concave bounded distribution of migration altitudes. Our results provide a basis for assessing the implications for migratory bird populations of changes in mid-latitude atmospheric conditions probably occurring under global climate change.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Penderiaan Jauh atau Remote Sensing dalam Pemodelan Pengaruh Iklim terhadap Taburan Burung Hijrah Di Hutan Paya Laut Matang, Perak

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azimah Abd Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Alternative Habitat ◽  
The Future ◽  
Selection Of

Climate changes especially temperature and rainfall effect the habitat selection of bird migration in mangrove area to get some food and temporary stopover. The increase and decrease of temperature and rainfall is varies between upstream to downstream. This research was done to prove that temperature and rainfall are uneven in some area even in same boundary that can give impact in habitat selection of migratory birds. This research was concern around Matang Mangrove Forest, Perak that already familiar as focal area for migratory birds. Remote Sensing application was used in this research through use of ERDAS Imagine 8.5 which is based on pixels. This application helps to model the relationship between climate, namely temperature and rainfall with distribution density of migratory birds around the study area. Climate modeling was conducted to predict the distribution of migratory bird populations in the future due to changes in temperature and rainfall over a period of 5 years and 20 years. The results of this study showed a decrease in the population of migratory birds by 6.4% for a period of 5 years and a decrease to 7.5% for the last 20 years.  Sungai Sepetang and Sungai Selinsing shown that migratory bird populations decreased continuously after 20 years. However the Sangga Besar, Teluk Kertang, Temerlok, Pulau Pasir Hitam dan Sungai Tinggi area showed an increase in the arrival of migratory birds after 20 years.  This information analysis help the related agencies in manage and maintain the area around the Matang Mangrove Forest identified potential habitat for migratory birds in the future. In addition, through this study migratory bird monitoring can be carried out systematically on a wider scope without ignoring areas that strives to be the alternative habitat for migratory birds in the future.

scholarly journals Warmer April Temperatures on Breeding Grounds Promote Earlier Nesting in a Long-Distance Migratory Bird, the Prothonotary Warbler

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Hoover ◽  
Wendy M. Schelsky
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Annual Productivity ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Arrival Dates ◽  
Prothonotary Warbler ◽  
Local Weather

Global climate change and warming are altering hemispheric and local weather patterns. Altered weather patterns have great potential to affect the phenology of life history events, such as the initiation of breeding in organisms that reproduce seasonally. Long-distance migratory birds may be particularly challenged by changes in local weather on breeding grounds because they arrive from distant locations and must commence breeding when conditions are appropriate. Here we explore the effects of local temperature on first egg dates and annual productivity in a long-distance Neotropical migratory songbird, the prothonotary warbler Protonotaria citrea. We present results from a 20-year (1994 to 2013) study documenting the detailed nesting activities of a color-marked population (average of 155 individual females each year) of warblers in southern Illinois, United States. The warblers typically arrive in April and start breeding in late April and May in our study system. We tested for an effect of local average April daily temperature and female age on first egg dates, total number of offspring produced per female, and the probability of fledging two broods. We found that warmer April temperatures promoted earlier first egg dates and higher average annual productivity in the warblers. On average, older females had earlier first egg dates than 1-year-old females, but both age groups responded similarly to local April temperatures. The reproductive gains associated with earlier first egg dates in warmer years stemmed from an increased probability of successfully fledging two broods, suggesting that earlier first egg dates do not currently create a mismatch with food (insect) resources. Earliest arrival dates of warblers to the region of our study system were not affected by local April temperatures, suggesting that females vary their first egg date based on conditions they experience/assess after their arrival. Whereas these birds currently adjust the timing of their breeding and actually produce more offspring in warmer years, continued global warming may eventually upset the current balance between arrival dates, food resources, and the commencement of nesting.

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