scholarly journals Norman James Petch, 13 February 1917 - 9 December 1992

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 342-357 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Grammar School ◽  
Good Sense ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
The Family ◽  
Great Love ◽  
The Village ◽  
General Strike

Norman Petch was born in Glasgow on 13 February 1917, the third child in a family of three boys and one girl. He had an English father who was a commercial traveller in drapery for most of his working life, and a Scottish mother. The family moved to England shortly after World War I, where most of his youth was spent in various parts of the West Riding of Yorkshire. He was not to live again in Scotland until relatively late in his career, when in 1973 he became Professor of Metallurgy at Strathclyde University. Despite this, he was proud of his Scottish origins, and had a great love of Scotland which was reflected in his eventual retirement to Culbokie in the Black Isle. Norman’s grandfather lived at Findon Cottage in Culbokie where he had been the agent for Sir George MacKenzie, a large landowner. His property, comprizing a delightful cottage and 10 acres, was a constant attraction to Norman from the age of two through his school years, and indeed throughout his life provided a serene environment in which to relax and to write, and finally a retirement haven. His education began in Yorkshire in the local school in the village of Aberford, where he exhibited an early interest in technology by making a crystal wireless set and by showing a mature knowledge of the workings of the family car. During the General Strike in 1926 Norman built a trolley from an old tin bath and pram wheels in order to transport logs from a nearby wood, as coal was unavailable at this time. He was clearly a contemplative child who played long games of chess with his father, and at an early age revealed a thoughtful attitude to life. In later years he was not a person to provide instant wisdom, but after mature reflection could be relied on to talk very good sense. His secondary education was principally at the Grammar School in Tadcaster, but completed at the West Leeds High School when the family moved to Leeds.

Leslie Hugh Norman Cooper, 17 June 1905 - 19 September 1985

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 111-128
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Grammar School ◽  
World War ◽  
Music Student ◽  
North Wales ◽  
The Family

Leslie Henry Norman Cooper was born in Broadstairs on 17 June 1905, the son of Charles Herbert Cooper and Annie Cooper (née Silk). His father, Charles, had talents in drawing, painting, kitchen gardening and fishing but he had poor health and never had a full-time occupation. He was twice turned down as a volunteer for the army in World War I. The family lived frugally on income from inheritances from the Australian branch of the Cooper family. They moved to Conwy, North Wales, in 1915 because of the war threat. His father died in 1933. Leslie Cooper was educated at the John Bright Grammar School in Llandudno. From these early years he developed a deep affection for the countryside, and particularly for the mountains of North Wales, which was to remain with him for the rest of his life. He was an exceptional scholar and, on leaving school in 1921 at the early age of 16, he was awarded the Eyton Williams Scholarship, a State Scholarship and the Caernarvonshire County Exhibition, each of which was tenable for three years at University College North Wales, Bangor. There he met his future wife, Gwynedd Daloni Seth Hughes, a music student and a native of Bangor.

scholarly journals Sir John McMichael, 25 July 1904 - 3 March 1993

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 282-296
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
World War ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Village ◽  
Broad Interest ◽  
Good Manager

A quote that says much about John McMichael comes from his own autobiographical notes: ‘I come from a materially poor branch of a Galloway family’. He was born on 25 July 1904 in Gatehouse of Fleet, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland, son of James and Margaret McMichael. There were two older sisters and two elder brothers, and he was something of an afterthought. His father ran a farm on the edge of the village and was also the local butcher. A ‘God-fearing, generous man’, he was not a good manager of his limited resources. Until he was ten years old John McMichael went to a school run under the patronage of the Lady of the Manor; but in 1914 this school was closed and he transferred to Girthon public school under its headmaster, William Learmonth, who was to have a major influence on the young McMichael. Learmonth’s son, eight years McMichael’s senior, became Sir James Learmonth, the well-known surgeon. Learmonth was an exceedingly capable teacher to find in a small village school and his pupils clearly felt the benefit. At the age of 14 there was a debate in the McMichael household about the next stage in John’s education. His mother, supported by Learmonth, decided he must continue and he moved to Kirkcudbright Academy, eight miles away, a hard and hilly bicycle ride. Here he blossomed, taking first place in most subjects, and ending up as Dux of the school. His decision to read medicine was influenced by two chance factors. He often spent his holidays with a fisherman on an island in the Fleet Bay where the solitary house was occupied by a doctor from the Indian Medical Service during his leaves. On wet days his medical books opened up exciting prospects in the schoolboy’s enquiring mind. During World War I a maternal cousin, Col. George Home, C.B.E., M.D., of the New Zealand Army Medical Corps, spent his leaves with the family and kindled a broad interest in science and medicine.

Russian Peasant Views of City Life, 1861-1914

Slavic Review ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Alpern Engel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
World War ◽  
City Life ◽  
Stable Element ◽  
The Family ◽  
Peasant Women ◽  
The Village

In the decades following the emancipation of the serfs, increasing numbers of peasants left their native villages for cities and industrial centers, in response to a growing need for cash and declining opportunities to earn it at home. At least until World War I, the vast majority of these migrants were men; women were the more stable element in the village. In the words of one student of peasant life, women “cling to the family and the land, and need particularly unfavorable circumstances to compel them to move somewhere else.“ Nevertheless, as the nineteenth century drew to a close the economic circumstances that prompted peasant men to leave villages increasingly caused women to leave as well. Like their husbands, fathers and brothers, migrant women often chose urban destinations. At the turn of the twentieth century, there were 650 peasant women per 1,000 peasant men in Moscow, and 368 migrant peasant women for every 1,000 migrant peasant men in St. Petersburg; by 1910, the proportion in St. Petersburg had increased to 480 per 1,000.

scholarly journals Romanian Art Historiography in the Interwar Period. Between the Search for Scholarship and Commitment to a Cause

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-122
Author(s):  
Vlad Ţoca
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Art History ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Great Debate ◽  
The Family ◽  
Romanian Art

At the end of World War I, Romania emerged as a much stronger nation, with a greatly enlarged territory. During the two world wars, the Romanian state was permanently looking for the best way to preserve the newly created national state and defend its frontiers. This was the only matter all Romanian parties seemed to agree on. The threat of territorial revisionism coming from Hungary, the Soviet Union and, to a lesser extent, Bulgaria united all the political actors in defending the peace system of Versailles and supporting the League of Nations as the guarantor of this peace and stability. The interwar period was a remarkable time for Romania’s cultural history. Between the two world wars, the Romanian cultural scene was dominated by what Keith Hitchins calls the ‘Great Debate’ about national identity and development. The opponents were those advocating synchronism with the West, on the one hand, and those pleading for tradition, on the other, with many others looking for a third way. In Romanian interwar culture, the country’s modernity was emphasized in order to place the country within the larger family of European nations. An opposing, and at the same time, complementary line of thought was that of presenting the long and noble Romanian history, tradition and ancestral roots. These two themes have been present in Romanian culture since the mid-19th century. They were used by various authors, sometimes in a complementary fashion, while at others, in a conflicting manner in literature, historical writing or political discourse. This process did not end with the creation of the Greater Romania after the end of World War I. New threats, which are mentioned above, maintained the need to continue this discourse. In this context, historical arguments became political arguments and were used by the Romanians in order to justify the new territorial gains and the Versailles system. Art history, part of the family of historical disciplines, came to play an important part in this. Romanian art historical writing or political discourse. This process did not end with the creation of the Greater Romania after the end of World War I. New threats, which are mentioned above, maintained the need to continue this discourse. In this context, historical arguments became political arguments and were used by the Romanians in order to justify the new territorial gains and the Versailles system. Art history, part of the family of historical disciplines, came to play an important part in this. Romanian art historical writing did not exist as such until the end of the 19th century. It was only in the first years of the next century that the number of scholarly works produced following western standards steadily increased. As part of a general tendency of aligning Romanian academic practices with those in the West, art historiography established itself as a respectable academic discipline, a process which went hand in hand with the establishment of new institutions such as museums, university departments, research institutions and the Commission for historical monuments. All these institutions were founded and financed by the Romanian state, and most scholars were involved with these institutions in one way or another. Although Romanian art historiography of the period is dominated by the desire to produce academic works to the highest standards, the ideas of the Great Debate are present in the works of that time. At the same time, in several texts, the most prominent art historians of the day strongly affirm the necessity of putting their work in the service of the national cause. In this paper, we will be looking at the general histories of Romanian art written between the two world wars. The choice of these texts is motivated by the fact that these works are the result of larger research projects and have a broader scope and as such better summarise the trends of the interwar period.

John Kenyon Netherton Jones, 28 January 1912 - 13 April 1977

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 365-389
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
World War ◽  
Paternal Uncle ◽  
James Jones ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Paternal Grandfather ◽  
Great Love

J. K. N. Jones was born in Birmingham, England, on 28 January 1912 and died in Kingston, Ontario, Canada on 13 April 1977. He was the eldest son of George Edward Netherton Jones and Florence Jones Goodchild). His family had long been established in the Midlands, his paternal grandfather James Jones, being a well known ironmaster in Walsall, a town which prospered during the Industrial Revolution. His maternal grandparents (the Goodchilds) lived in Swansea, Wales, and his mother was the eldest of their seven children. His father, who also was one of seven children, was for most of his career a shipping agent for the Elder Dempster line. Unhappily he was badly gassed in the World War I; this left him in poor health and he died in the early 1920s from tuberculosis. During the next few years Jones’s mother (who was well known as an athlete) was left to struggle on and she had to fight bitterly to secure a pension for herself and her seven children. Life was very hard for the family for the pension was not granted until 1926 and shortly afterwards his mother died from blood poisoning. The family was now separated, the six eldest children were made Wards of the Ministry of Pensions and were split up among five families. The youngest, who was born after the war ended in 1918, was not supported by the Ministry of Pensions and was sent to an orphanage. Jones had a particular affection for this brother, Geoffrey David, and suffered great grief when the boy who was a bomber pilot in World War II, was shot down with his crew in June 1944 and was killed. Jones lived with several aunts and uncles in Birmingham during his school days and was very well looked after. He recalled happy summer days when he was able to cycle out to the home of a paternal uncle, Jack Jones, who, with his wife Lucy, lived in the country near Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire. He Spent his holidays with them and these visits sparked off his great love of plants and flowers and lifelong interest in gardening.

Enemies within, Enemies without: the Ideology of a Conservative West-Russianist Newspaper During World War I (1914–1915)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-103
Author(s):  
Aliaksandr Bystryk
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
National Solidarity ◽  
North Western

Abstract This paper deals with the topic of conservative West-Russianist ideology and propaganda during World War I. The author analyzes the most prominent newspaper of the movement at the time – Severo-Zapadnaia Zhizn (The North-Western Life). The discourse of the newspaper is analyzed from the perspective of Belarusian nation-building, as well as from the perspective of Russian nationalism in the borderlands. The author explores the ways in which the creators of the periodical tried to use the rise of the Russian patriotic feelings to their advantage. Appealing to the heightened sense of national solidarity which took over parts of Russian society, the periodical tried to attack, delegitimize and discredit its ideological and political opponents. Besides the obvious external enemy – Germans, Severo-Zapadnaia Zhizn condemned socialists, pacifists, Jews, borderland Poles, Belarusian and Ukrainian national activists, Russian progressives and others, accusing them of disloyalty, lack of patriotism and sometimes even treason. Using nationalist loyalist rhetoric, the West-Russianist newspaper urged the imperial government to act more decisively in its campaign to end ‘alien domination’ in Russian Empire, and specifically to create conditions for domination of ‘native Russian element’ – meaning Belarusian peasantry, in the Belarusian provinces of the empire.

A Fontana de Lutécia: Contos Virais

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Alves de Paiva
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
World War ◽  
Marcus Aurelius ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
The Village ◽  
Water Spring

A fictional book with five short stories that address the main pandemics in the world. The first story takes place in Ancient Greece, in 428 BC at the time of the Peloponnesian War. Tavros, the main character flees the plague by traveling to Gaul and discovers a mysterious water spring near the village of the Parisii. In AD 166, when Rome, is devasted by the plague, Marcus Aurelius sends out soldiers to the North. One of them, Lucius, arrives in the region of Lutecia and finds the same fountain that Tavros had been to. The water from this spring gives him strength to escape from the persecution of Christians and Jews. In his old age, Lucius becomes a Church elder and writes letters. One of them was read, many centuries later, by a Franciscan Parisian monk during the Middle Ages, who decides to pilgrimage to Jerusalem but is surprised by the Black Death. Back home, he is saved by the water spring, builds an orphanage and has his life converted into a book - which is red by a young journalist who takes the ship Demerara with his fiancée to Brazil in order to avoid the World War I, the Spanish flu and some Russian spies. The last story is about a Brazilian professor, called Lucius Felipe who, in 2019, travels to Paris to develop his postdoctoral studies. Unfortunately he has to return to Brazil due to the COVID-19 pandemic. But not before having visited Lutetia’s fountain and felt its power and the memories it holds.

Henry Cowell and the West Coast Dance Scene

Artful Noise ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 42-63
Author(s):  
Thomas Siwe
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Modern Dance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arnold Schoenberg ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Twelve Tone ◽  
Henry Cowell

Modern dance and music for percussion are linked through the works of musicians who studied with the iconoclastic composer Henry Cowell. This chapter highlights the work of numerous artists who were involved in the dance and music scene along the West Coast of the United States during the 1930s and 1940s. Cowell’s early publishing venture New Music helped launch the careers of composers Johanna Beyer, William Russell, Lou Harrison, John Cage, and others. The latter two composers, Harrison and Cage, also studied with the Austrian American composer Arnold Schoenberg whose use of the twelve-tone technique became central to the music of the twentieth century. The chapter ends with a summary of percussion music’s development from the decades before World War I to the compositional hiatus caused by World War II.

Leslie Crombie. 10 June 1923 — 3 August 1999

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 125-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Pattenden
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Grammar School ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
World War ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
School Certificate ◽  
The Family ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Three Sisters

Leslie Crombie was born in York on 10 June 1923, the second eldest, and only boy, of Walter Crombie and Gladys (née Clarkson). On his father's side his great-grandfather had kept a tobacconist shop in York and his grandfather, George, had founded a prosperous legal practice in the City of York. On his mother's side, Leslie's great–grandfather originated from London and settled in York after helping to build the York Railway Station. Leslie's father qualified as a solicitor and practised law in his grandfather George's office. However, he disliked the profession and, after his marriage and the death of his father, Walter passed over the practice to his brother Norman and took the lease of a hotel in the Isle of Wight. Unfortunately, the hotel did not prosper and was given up after a few years, and the family, which included Leslie's three sisters, Ivy, June and Molly, moved to Portsmouth. Although Leslie's father had a small allowance from his brother Norman and the legal practice in York, and he had various small intermittent incomes from teaching, the family was desperately poor during the 1930s. Leslie received little encouragement from his parents, but he passed the 11+ examination and entered Portsmouth Northern Grammar School in 1934, where he was awarded a very respectable School Certificate when he was 16 years old. However, it was now 1939 and World War II was about to start, and his school was evacuated to Winchester. With poor living conditions and little facilities for study, the young Leslie was determined to take a job and study part-time. He was appointed in 1940 as an assistant in the analytical laboratory of Timothy Whites and Taylor at their head office in Portsmouth under the supervision of Ron Gillham, who greatly influenced his further career; he was paid 13 shillings and 6 pence (in decimal terms, 67½pence) per week. In the evenings, Leslie studied at Portsmouth Municipal College for a London University Intermediate BSc. Alas, after a heavy bombing raid in January 1941, Timothy Whites and Taylor's laboratories were removed from the map, along with a great deal of the centre of Portsmouth—but fortunately not the MunicipalCollege.

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