scholarly journals Contact transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on fomite surfaces: surface survival and risk reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhimanyu Tharayil ◽  
R. Rajakumari ◽  
Miran Mozetic ◽  
Gregor Primc ◽  
Sabu Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Viral Strain ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Indirect Transmission ◽  
Contact Transmission ◽  
Transmission Pathways ◽  
Physical And Chemical

There is an unprecedented concern regarding the viral strain SARS-CoV-2 and especially its respiratory disease more commonly known as COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 virus has the ability to survive on different surfaces for extended periods, ranging from days up to months. The new infectious properties of SARS-CoV-2 vary depending on the properties of fomite surfaces. In this review, we summarize the risk factors involved in the indirect transmission pathways of SARS-CoV-2 strains on fomite surfaces. The main mode of indirect transmission is the contamination of porous and non-porous inanimate surfaces such as textile surfaces that include clothes and most importantly personal protective equipment like personal protective equipment kits, masks, etc. In the second part of the review, we highlight materials and processes that can actively reduce the SARS-CoV-2 surface contamination pattern and the associated transmission routes. The review also focuses on some general methodologies for designing advanced and effective antiviral surfaces by physical and chemical modifications, viral inhibitors, etc.

scholarly journals Syncope: A Very Atypical Presentation of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Shih ◽  
Paul M. Louis ◽  
Scott M. Alter ◽  
Patrick G. Hughes ◽  
Joshua J. Solano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Atypical Presentation ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Atypical Presentations

Possible COVID-19 patients have presented commonly to United States Emergency Departments. Patients presenting with cough, fever and shortness of breath are easy to identify as suspected cases. Unfortunately, not all COVID-19 patients present this way. Atypical presentations are a risk factor for healthcare worker (HCW) transmission of this disease. In this case report we describe the unusual case of COVID-19 presenting as syncope without any other risk factors. HCWs need to be aware of atypical COVID-19 presentations and to maintain proper use of personal protective equipment.

scholarly journals WASPADA COVID-19: PEMBAGIAN HANDSANITIZER DAN MASKER KAIN GRATIS KEPADA PENGEMUDI OJEK

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Alvi Kusuma Wardani ◽  
Nurul Qiyaam ◽  
Cyntiya Rahmawati ◽  
Baiq Leny Nopitasari ◽  
Baiq Nurbaety ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Transmission Chain ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

ABSTRAKCoronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2). Virus ini menyebar melalui percikan (droplets) dari saluran pernapasan yang dikeluarkan saat sedang batuk atau bersin.Salah satu faktor risiko yang menyebabkan penularan covid-19 pada tukang ojek baik ojek online maupun offline adalah adanya kontak dalam jarak deka tantara penumpang yang mungkin positif covid-19 dengan pengemudi ojek itu sendiri. Sebagian besar pengemudi ojek yang tidak melengkapi dirinya dengan alat pelindung diri (APD) sebagai salah satu langkah pencegahan penularan covid-19. Minimnya pengetahuan dan kesadaran tentang bahaya covid-19 serta kurangnya pemasukan tiap harinya membuat para pengemudi ojek tidak menggunakan APD seperti masker. Kegiatan ini membagikan handsanitizer dan masker kain kepada pengemudi ojek sebagai upaya pencegahan dan pemutusan rantai penularan Covid-19. Kata kunci:covid-19; masker; handsanitizer; pengemudi ojek. ABSTRACTCoronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2). This virus spreads through droplets from the respiratory tract that are released while coughing or sneezing. One of the risk factors that cause covid-19 transmission to ojek drivers both online and offline is that there is contact within the distance between passengers who might be positive with the ojek drivers themselves. Most of the ojek drivers who do not equip themselves with personal protective equipment (PPE) as a preventive measure for covid-19 transmission. The lack of knowledge and awareness about the dangers of covid-19 and the lack of daily income makes ojek drivers do not use PPE like a mask. This activity distributed handsanitizers and masks to ojek drivers as an effort to prevent and break the covid-19 transmission chain. Keywords: covid-19; mask; handsanitizer; ojek driver.

Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers and prevention measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Nadezhda I. Shulakova ◽  
Aleksey V. Tutelyan ◽  
Olga A. Kvasova ◽  
Vasiliy G. Akimkin ◽  
Alexander V. Konyukhov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Frequent Contact ◽  
Care Workers

Introduction. Currently, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 among healthcare workers continues to increase both in Russia and in other countries. Due to their professional activities' specifics, medical workers - frequent contact with sick people are most at risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. The study aims to research the risk factors for infection of medical workers with SARS-CoV-2 to prevent infection and the spread of COVID-19 in medical institutions, considering the use of personal protective equipment. Materials and methods. Specialists of the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor conducted an anonymous questionnaire with the subsequent analysis of the results obtained to study and assess risk factors for infection of SARS-CoV-2 medical workers, their attitude to the use of personal protective equipment, non-specific prophylaxis. Results. The authors present a literature review on the problem of infection and morbidity of COVID-19 medical workers, who are known to be at high risk of infection due to frequent contact with the sick. We analyzed data that exposure to higher concentrations of the virus, especially from critically ill patients, can affect the disease's severity in health care workers. The authors conducted an anonymous survey to study the risk factors for infection of health care workers with SARS-CoV-2 and their attitude to the use of personal protective equipment. Based on the obtained data, identified the main ways of infection of medical staff, options of the disease, and their severity, and revealed that providers responsible for selecting and using PPE. Conclusion. Assessing potential risk factors for the spread of coronavirus infection among healthcare workers is essential to prevent healthcare workers' infection and the spread of COVID-19 in healthcare settings.

scholarly journals Quantification of occupational and community risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among healthcare workers in a large U.S. healthcare system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Baker ◽  
Kristin N. Nelson ◽  
Elizabeth Overton ◽  
Benjamin A. Lopman ◽  
Timothy L. Lash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthcare Worker ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Community Risk ◽  
Community Risk Factors ◽  
Zip Code ◽  
Pcr Test

AbstractBackgroundQuantifying occupational risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers can inform efforts to improve healthcare worker and patient safety and reduce transmission. This study aimed to quantify demographic, occupational, and community risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among healthcare workers in a large metropolitan healthcare system.MethodsWe analyzed data from a cross-sectional survey conducted from April through June of 2020 linking risk factors for occupational and community exposure to COVID-19 with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. A multivariable logistic regression model was fit to quantify risk factors for infection. Participants were employees and medical staff members who elected to participate in SARS-CoV-2 serology testing offered to all healthcare workers as part of a quality initiative, and who completed a survey on exposure to COVID-19 and use of personal protective equipment. Exposures of interest included known demographic risk factors for COVID-19, residential zip code incidence of COVID-19, occupational exposure to PCR test-positive healthcare workers or patients, and use of personal protective equipment. The primary outcome of interest was SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was estimated to be 5.7% (95% CI: 5.2%-6.1%) among 10,275 healthcare workers. Community contact with a person known or suspected to have COVID-19 (aOR=1.9, 95% CI:1.4-2.5) and zip code level COVID-19 incidence (aOR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0-2.0) increased the odds of infection. Black individuals were at high risk (aOR=2.0, 95% CI:1.6-2.4). Overall, occupational risk factors accounted for 27% (95% CI: 25%-30%) of the risk among healthcare workers and included contact with a PCR test-positive healthcare worker (aOR=1.2, 95% CI:1.0-1.6).ConclusionsCommunity risk factors, including contact with a COVID-19 positive individual and residential COVID-19 incidence, are more strongly associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among healthcare workers than exposure in the workplace.

scholarly journals Prevalence of green tobacco sickness (GTS) among tobacco farmer workers In Imogiri Sub-district, Bantul

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Akmal Dwiyana Kau ◽  
Hari Kusnanto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Farmer Workers

Prevalence of green tobacco sickness among tobacco farmers in BantulPurposeThe purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence and the occurrence of Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS) in tobacco farmers and the risk factors related to the occurrence of GTS between the tobacco farm workers.MethodsThis research was an analytical study using a cross-sectional approach. The respondents in this research were 10 tobacco farmers in Imogiri District, Bantul. Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney tests were conducted to determine the risk factors that affect the incidence of GTS in tobacco farmers.ResultsThe study found seven out of ten tobacco farmers experienced green tobacco sickness. The factors of working hours (hour/day), working period (year), level of rainfall and the use of personal protective equipment had significant correlations (p<0.05), while the variables of gender, educational level, and level of humidity did not have a significant relation to the occurrence of GTS in the tobacco farmers.ConclusionThe results of the study found various risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of green tobacco sickness including the level of education, the duration of work, the working period, and the use of personal protective equipment, therefore the use of personal protective equipment is especially important because it can protect farmers from symptoms of GTS, and the need for education about health risks from cultivation to tobacco harvesting and ways to prevent GTS.Prevalensi kasus green tobacco sickness pada pekerja petani tembakau di Bantul

scholarly journals EXPOSURES AND RISK FACTORS OF CORONA VIRUS AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS AND NEED FOR PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN COMBINED MILITARY HOSPITAL RAWALPINDI

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1382-86
Author(s):  
Fuad Ahmad Siddiqi ◽  
Sobia Mehreen ◽  
Adeel Ahmed ◽  
Tariq Bashir ◽  
Javed Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Clinical Category

Objective: Prospective To determine the various risk factors and exposures for spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID19) among health care workers working at Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Apr to Jul 2020. Methodology: A total of 134 health care workers who were infected with COVID-19, were included in study. A structured questionnaire was attained after informed consent and approval from hospital ethical committee. Data was analyzed using SPSS-19 statistical software. Results: Overall, 134 of 2591 Health care workers (Health care workers) in Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi tested positive for COVID-19 during the study period. The infection rate was 5.17%. Among them 25 (18.7%) were women and 109 (81.3%) were men. There was not statistical difference in infection rate between male and female health care workers p=0.156). The infection rate in clinical category was significantly higher than non-clinical category (p<0.001. The infection rate in nursing assistants was significantly higher than the doctors (p=0.021). Personal protective equipment was optimally provided to health care workers except for goggles and face shields whose provision and use were both lacking. Conclusion: Health care workers are at high risk of developing COVID-19. There is need for extensive training, easy availability of personal protective equipment and strict compliance to infection control policies.

Relations between Contact Duration, Type of Work Use of Personal Protective Equipment and Contact Dermatitis among Electroplaters

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Danang Setia Budi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Contact Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Contact Frequency ◽  
Dermatitis Contact

 Introduction: Occupational contact dermatitis is defined as a skin disorder that occurs after work and caused by work process. Electroplating is one of the jobs which has  high contact dermatitis risk because there are irritant chemicals such as nickel and chromium. This study aimed to identify the relationship between risk factors for occupational-induced contact dermatitis and  electroplaters at CV. X and CV. Y, Durungbanjar Village, Sidoarjo District. Method: This research was an observational study using cross-sectional approach. The sample was a total population of 28 people, consisting of 13 electroplaters at CV. X and 15 electroplaters at CV. Y in Durungbanjar Village. The study was conducted in November - May 2019. Data were collected using questionnaires, observations and medical record sheets. The variables in this study were contact duration, contact frequency, type of work and the use of personal protective equipment. Result: Result showed that 64.3% of electroplaters suffered from contact dermatitis. Contact duration factor had a very strong correlation of c = 0.764, contact frequency factor had a strong correlation of c = 0.710, type of work had strong correlation of c = 0.616, personal hygiene factor had strong correlation of c = 0.547 and the use of personal protective equipment also had strong correlation of c = 0.545. Conclusion:  There is a very strong correlation between contact duration and contact dermatitis. Contact frequency, type of work and the use of personal protective equipment had strong correlation to contact dermatitis among electroplaters. The higher contact duration and frequency with irritant substances among the electroplaters, the higher the increase of the risk of contact dermatitis among the electroplaters. Some occupational efforts and recommendations can be made to reduce the risk of contact dermatitis. Keywords: contact dermatitis, electroplating, risk factors

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Healthcare Personnel and Their Household Contacts at a Tertiary Academic Medical Center: Protocol for a Longitudinal Cohort Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J Ciccone ◽  
Paul N Zivich ◽  
Evans K Lodge ◽  
Deanna Zhu ◽  
Elle Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Tertiary Care Medical Center

BACKGROUND Healthcare personnel are at high risk for exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. While personal protective equipment may mitigate this risk, prospective data collection on its use and other risk factors for seroconversion in this population is needed. OBJECTIVE The primary objectives of this study are to (1) determine the incidence of and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare personnel at a tertiary medical center and (2) actively monitor personal protective equipment use, interactions between study participants via electronic sensors, secondary cases in households, and participant mental health and well-being. METHODS To achieve these objectives, we designed a prospective, observational study of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare personnel and their household contacts at an academic tertiary care medical center. Enrolled healthcare personnel completed frequent surveys on symptoms and work activities and provided serum and nasal samples for SARS-CoV-2 testing every two weeks. Additionally, interactions between participants and their movement within the clinical environment were captured with a smartphone app and Bluetooth sensors. Finally, a subset of participants' households was randomly selected every two weeks for further investigation, and enrolled households provided serum and nasal samples via at-home collection kits. RESULTS As of September 30, 2020, 164 healthcare personnel and 33 household participants have been enrolled. Recruitment and follow-up are ongoing and expected to continue until March 2021. CONCLUSIONS Much remains to be learned regarding risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare personnel and their household contacts. Through use of a multi-faceted study design enrolling a well-characterized cohort, we will collect critical information regarding SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the healthcare setting and its linkage to the community.

scholarly journals The Synergistic Effect of Time of Exposure, Distance and No Use of Personal Protective Equipment in the Determination of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Results of a Contact Tracing Follow-Up Study in Healthcare Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9456
Author(s):  
Giuseppe La Torre ◽  
Mattia Marte ◽  
Carlo Maria Previte ◽  
Lavinia Camilla Barone ◽  
Filippo Picchioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Rt Pcr

The aim of this study is to assess the effect of contact time, contact distance and the use of personal protective equipment on the determination of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers (HCWs). This study consists of an analysis of data gathered for safety reasons at the Sapienza Teaching Hospital Policlinico Umberto I in Rome through the surveillance system that was put into place after the worsening of the COVID-19 pandemic. The studied subjects consist of HCWs who were put under health surveillance, i.e., all employees who were in contact with subjects who were confirmed to have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The HCWs under surveillance were monitored for a period encompassing ten days after the date of contact, during which they undertook nasopharyngeal swab tests analysed through RT-PCR (RealStar® SARS-CoV-2 Altona Diagnostic–Germany). Descriptive and univariate analyses have been undertaken, considering the following as risk factors: (a) no personal protective equipment use (PPE); (b) Distance < 1 m between the positive and contact persons; (c) contact time > 15′. Finally, a Cox regression and an analysis of the level of synergism between factors, as specified by Rothman, were carried out. We analysed data from 1273 HCWs. Of these HCWs, 799 (62.8%) were females, with a sample average age of 47.8 years. Thirty-nine (3.1%) tested positive during surveillance. The overall incidence rate was 0.4 per 100 person-days. Time elapsed from the last exposure and a positive RT-PCR result ranged from 2 to 17 days (mean = 7, median = 6 days). In the univariate analysis, a distance <1 m and a contact time > 15′ proved to be risk factors for the SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.62 (95% CI: 1.11–6.19) and 3.59 (95% IC: 1.57–8.21), respectively. The synergism analysis found the highest synergism between the “no PPE use” x “Contact time”. The synergy index S remains strongly positive also in the analysis of the factors “no PPE use” x “Distance” and “Time of contact” x “Distance”. This study confirms the absolute need to implement safety protocols during the pandemic and to use the correct PPE within health facilities in order to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The analysis shows that among the factors considered (contact time and distance, no use of PPE), there is a strong synergistic effect.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document