scholarly journals Strong seasonality produces spatial asynchrony in the outbreak of infectious diseases

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (59) ◽  
pp. 817-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Duke-Sylvester ◽  
Luca Bolzoni ◽  
Leslie A. Real
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Spatial Synchronization ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Detection Ability ◽  
Southern States ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
And Control ◽  
Strong Seasonality

Models for infectious diseases usually assume a fixed demographic structure. Yet, a disease can spread over a region encountering different local demographic variations that may significantly alter local dynamics. Spatial heterogeneity in the resulting dynamics can lead to important differences in the design of surveillance and control strategies. We illustrate this by exploring the north–south gradient in the seasonal demography of raccoon rabies over the eastern USA. We find that the greater variance in the timing of spring births characteristic of southern populations can lead to the spatial synchronization of southern epidemics, while the narrow birth-pulse associated with northern populations can lead to an irregular patchwork of epidemics. These results indicate that surveillance in the southern states can be reduced relative to northern locations without loss of detection ability. This approach could yield significant savings in vaccination programmes. The importance of seasonality in many widely distributed diseases indicates that our findings will find applications beyond raccoon rabies.

scholarly journals Cattle trade between and within biomes in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2023-2028
Author(s):  
Rísia L. Negreiros ◽  
José H.H. Grisi-Filho ◽  
Ricardo A. Dias ◽  
Fernando Ferreira ◽  
Valéria S.F. Homem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The State ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Cattle Movements ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT: The analysis of animal movement patterns may help identify farm premises with a potentially high risk of infectious disease introduction. Farm herd sizes and bovine movement data from 2007 in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, were analyzed. There are three different biomes in Mato Grosso: the Amazon, Cerrado, and Pantanal. The analysis of the animal trade between and within biomes would enable characterization of the connections between the biomes and the intensity of the internal trade within each biome. We conducted the following analyses: 1) the concentration of cattle on farm premises in the state and in each biome, 2) the number and relative frequency of cattle moved between biomes, and 3) the most frequent purposes for cattle movements. Twenty percent (20%) of the farm premises had 81.15% of the herd population. Those premises may be important not only for the spread of infectious diseases, but also for the implementation of surveillance and control strategies. Most of the cattle movement was intrastate (97.1%), and internal movements within each biome were predominant (88.6%). A high percentage of movement from the Pantanal was to the Cerrado (48.6%), the biome that received the most cattle for slaughter, fattening and reproduction (62.4%, 56.8%, and 49.1% of all movements for slaughter, fattening, and reproduction, respectively). The primary purposes for cattle trade were fattening (43.5%), slaughter (31.5%), and reproduction (22.7%). Presumably, movements for slaughter has a low risk of disease spread. In contrast, movements for fattening and reproduction purposes (66.2% of all movements) may contribute to an increased risk of the spread of infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Underreporting of communicable diseases in the prefecture of Achaia, western Greece, 1999-2004 – missed opportunities for early intervention

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Jelastopulu ◽  
G Merekoulias ◽  
E C Alexopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Public Health Department ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Notification System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Western Greece

This study investigates the completeness of the reporting of infectious diseases in the prefecture of Achaia, western Greece in the period of 1999-2004. We collected hospital records relating to infectious diseases retrospectively from three major hospitals in the region and compared the records to corresponding records at the prefectural public health department (PHD). After record-linkage and cross-validation a total of 1,143 notifiable cases were identified in the three hospitals, of which 707 were reported to the PHD of Achaia, resulting in an observed underreporting of infectious diseases of 38% during the study period. At prefecture level, a further 259 cases were notified by other sources, mainly by the fourth hospital of the region not included in our study, resulting in a total of 966 cases reported to the PHD; 73% of these were reported from the three hospitals included in our study, 27% were notified by the fourth hospital not included in our study and less then 0,3% by physicians working in a private practice or health centre. Meningitis (51%), tuberculosis (12%) and salmonellosis (8%) were the most frequently reported diseases followed by hospitalised cases of varicella (7%), brucellosis (6%) and hepatitis (6%). During the study period, clustering of specific diseases like brucellosis, meningitis, mumps, and salmonellosis was observed, indicating possible outbreaks. Our results show that notification system needs to be improved, in order to ensure proper health resources allocation and implementation of focused prevention and control strategies.

Understanding and predicting the global spread of emergent infectious diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Brockmann
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Complex Network Theory ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe emergence and global spread of human infectious diseases has become one of the most serious public health threats of the 21st century. Sophisticated computer simulations have become a key tool for understanding and predicting disease spread on a global scale. Combining theoretical insights from nonlinear dynamics, stochastic processes and complex network theory these computational models are becoming increasingly important in the design of efficient mitigation and control strategies and for public health in general.

Epidemiological aspects and spatial patterns of human visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (14) ◽  
pp. 1665-1677
Author(s):  
Iolanda Graepp-Fontoura ◽  
David Soeiro Barbosa ◽  
Luiz Fernando Costa Nascimento ◽  
Volmar Morais Fontoura ◽  
Adriana Gomes Nogueira Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Choropleth Maps ◽  
And Control ◽  
Global And Local

AbstractHuman visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) cases are important public health problems due to their zoonotic aspect, with high rates of morbidity and mortality in Brazil. The aim of this this study was to identify spatial patterns in both rates of HVL cases in Brazilian states during the period from 2006 to 2015. This is an ecological study, using geoprocessing tools to create choropleth maps, based on secondary data from open access platforms, to identify priority areas for control actions of the disease. Data were collected in 2017 and analysed according to the global and local Moran's I, using TerraView 4.2.2 software. Similar clusters were observed in neighbouring municipalities in thematic maps of HVL, suggesting spatial similarity in the distribution of the disease in humans mainly in the North and Northeast Regions, which concentrate the states with the highest rates of HVL. Heterogeneous spatial patterns were observed in the distribution of HVL, which show municipalities that need higher priority in the intensification of disease surveillance and control strategies.

scholarly journals Experience in Prevention and Control Work of Anti-COVID-19 in People's Hospital of Tongchuan City in China

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Hu Guizhong ◽  
Liu Wanqing ◽  
Wang Jianhua ◽  
Guo Chunli ◽  
. Xiaoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
The North ◽  
Comprehensive Level ◽  
Missed Diagnosis ◽  
Control Work ◽  
Prevention Of Nosocomial Infection ◽  
And Control ◽  
Acid Test

Objective: To explore the prevention and control strategies and effects of COVID-19 in People's Hospital of Tongchuan so as to provide evidence for prevention and control of COVID-19 in Tongchuan. Methods: The measures taken by People's Hospital of Tongchuan from the aspects of sound organization, new coronavirus knowledge training, prevention of nosocomial infection, establishment of elite medical team, scientific and precise treatment and internet application as well as medical treatment were reviewed. Results: Between 23 January 2020 and 15 April 2020, the hospital had received a total of 6 patients with confirmed COVID-19, among which 3 patients have been discharged. More than 31,000 persons were given pre-examination triage, 2,605 persons were treated for fever at clinics, 596 persons were under isolation and observation, and 184 persons had nucleic acid test, so as to achieve the requirements of no missed diagnosis, no death and no infection goal, which were prioritized by the national, provincial and municipal health inspection teams. Conclusion: The effective prevention and control strategies against COVID-19 in People’s Hospital of Tongchuan have significantly achieved the "three zeros" goal namely zero infection, zero transmission and zero death. People's Hospital of Tongchuan, founded in 1949, is a comprehensive level-III first-class hospital. It has two hospitals located in the north and the south, with 1,700 beds and 2,044 employees. It is the first designated hospital for treatment of COVID-19 [1] in the province.

scholarly journals The central role of Italy in the spatial spread of USUTU virus in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Zecchin ◽  
A Fusaro ◽  
A Milani ◽  
A Schivo ◽  
S Ravagnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
National Level ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Spread ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
And Control

Abstract USUTU virus (USUV) is an arbovirus maintained in the environment through a bird–mosquito enzootic cycle. Previous surveillance plans highlighted the endemicity of USUV in North-eastern Italy. In this work, we sequenced 138 new USUV full genomes from mosquito pools (Culex pipiens) and wild birds collected in North-eastern Italy and we investigated the evolutionary processes (phylogenetic analysis, selection pressure and evolutionary time-scale analysis) and spatial spread of USUV strains circulating in the European context and in Italy, with a particular focus on North-eastern Italy. Our results confirmed the circulation of viruses belonging to four different lineages in Italy (EU1, EU2, EU3 and EU4), with the newly sequenced viruses from the North-eastern regions, Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia, belonging to the EU2 lineage and clustering into two different sub-lineages, EU2-A and EU2-B. Specific mutations characterize each European lineage and geographic location seem to have shaped their phylogenetic structure. By investigating the spatial spread in Europe, we were able to show that Italy acted mainly as donor of USUV to neighbouring countries. At a national level, we identified two geographical clusters mainly circulating in Northern and North-western Italy, spreading both northward and southward. Our analyses provide important information on the spatial and evolutionary dynamics of USUTU virus that can help to improve surveillance plans and control strategies for this virus of increasing concern for human health.

scholarly journals Key Strategies to Address Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases: A Systematic Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala Jassim AlMossawi ◽  
Colleen Longacre ◽  
Neeraj Kak ◽  
Sharanya Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Emerging Disease ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Social Commitment ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Societal Impacts ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Given their unpredictable nature, their direct impact on human health, as well as their wider environmental, economic, and societal impacts, emerging and reemerging infectious diseases (EIDs) require ongoing and sustained attention, funding, and response from the global community. The purpose of this paper is to understand the institutional capacities necessary to effectively respond to EIDs and highlight key strategies and potential points of intervention. Methods: We undertook a systematic analysis of the existing literature to understand what an effective preparedness and response framework for EIDs would look like. Using the Lancet Infectious Disease Journal and PubMed, we selected all relevant results that described possible epidemic preparedness interventions or EID prevention and control strategies. We included any results published in English and within the last ten years. The different interventions and/or prevention and control strategies were grouped together into larger categories to develop an effective preparedness and response framework for EIDs. Results: An ideal emerging disease preparedness and response environment should center on collaboration between all impacted sectors and a fiscal and social commitment to strengthen the capacity on all levels of the country to respond to threats as they emerge. The potentially impacted sectors are numerous, but many that have been traditionally excluded from disease preparedness activities. Conclusions: When considering how best to participate in emerging disease response activities, it is important to identify these critical points and how interventions might work to strengthen the system in entirety. While these breakdown points are common across many settings, it is imperative that the preparedness and response activities be contextualized to specifics of the disease and setting.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document