Does COVID-19 Change CSR? A Family Business Perspective

The purpose of this study was to analyze the #Damos La Cara (“Let’s show our face”) initiative, which is an initiative promoted by the Instituto de la Empresa Familiar, the most representative organization of family businesses in Spain. This analysis allowed us to characterize the Spanish family business and to analyze their reactions and interventions in the face of the crisis posed by COVID-19 from the perspective of CSR. The methodology used consisted of a content analysis, viewing 127 videos wherein family members presented their companies and the activities carried out to improve their relations with their employees and their environment. The conclusions reached allowed us to affirm that they were mostly second- and third-generation companies from the manufacturing sector; the most repeated actions were social commitment to their workers (internal) and the donation of medical materials (corporate). To the best of our knowledge, this was the first time that an analysis of these characteristics had been carried out in the field of family businesses. This analysis showed the intense philanthropic activity carried out by Spanish family businesses, not only in emergencies but also as a regular activity and as a consequence of their values and long-term vision.

Writing in Franco's Spain: Censorship, gender and social criticism in the postwar novel

<p>Following the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War (1936–39), General Francisco Franco’s authoritarian regime ruled Spain in a dictatorship that lasted almost forty years. In order to preserve the dominance of the regime and its ideology in Spain, all cultural activity was strictly censored, with censorship being particularly severe in the immediate postwar years. The regime’s censorship board, often with the involvement of Catholic clergy, had to approve all types of public communication, from poetry to television, before it could be published or broadcast. The censor was to ensure that the material in question was not critical of the regime or its ideology and that it did not challenge Catholic morals and traditional Spanish family values. Despite the regime’s efforts, however, writers who wished to convey their opposition to the dictatorship turned to a realist, objective narrative style that would allow them to denounce Francoist society without causing concern for the censors. In this thesis, I examine five Spanish postwar novels, published between 1945 and 1961, that provide a critique of Francoism and its associated values: Carmen Laforet’s Nada (1945), Luis Romero’s La noria (1952), Ignacio Aldecoa’s El fulgor y la sangre (1954), Juan García Hortelano’s Nuevas amistades (1959) and Dolores Medio’s Diario de una maestra (1961). This particular combination of novels has been selected in order to examine social and political criticism in the postwar novel from a wider perspective than that which is traditionally assigned to the Spanish novela social. In each case study, I identify which aspects of the Franco regime and postwar society the author sought to denounce and discuss how the author manages to convey these critical views despite the constraints of censorship. Themes include the misery and hunger that plagued Spain in the 1940s, the harsh repression suffered by the losers of the war, class and wealth inequality, the subversion of the regime’s ‘official’ historiography and the adoption of the Catholic Church’s ultra-conservative moral values. There is a particular focus on the critique of social themes that most affected women, such as the strict moral code assigned to women by the regime and the double moral standards with regard to issues such as premarital sex, prostitution and abortion; these themes are prominent in all of the selected novels, regardless of the gender of the author. In the first chapter, I outline the historical background that led to the Civil War and the establishment of the dictatorship and describe the literary context of the early Franco era. The following five chapters consist of my case studies which are examined in chronological order: each novel is examined separately in the context of social and political history, although I will draw parallels where suitable. The analyses are framed by theories of political and social commitment in literature; I draw also on gender and memory studies, and critics who discuss the relationship between literature and censorship. I have consulted the official censor’s report for each novel and discuss how each novel was received and altered, if at all, by the censor, as well as speculating as to how each author may have tailored his or her work in order to avoid such censorial intervention.</p>

ETHNOCULTURAL FEATURES OF ACADEMIC ADAPTATION OF STUDENTS OF THE NEAR AND FAR ABROAD

В российских вузах из года в год увеличивается контингент студентов из дальнего и ближнего зарубежья. Это свидетельствует не только о престиже российской системы высшего образования, но и о налаживании добрососедских, партнерских отношений. В этой связи проблема успешной адаптации иностранных студентов рассматривается с точки зрения укрепления международного статуса государства в целом. Две стороны адаптации, психологическая и социально-культурная, изучены у 397 иностранных студентов из вузов юга России. Использовалась экспресс-диагностика, разработанная на основе адаптированного варианта методики А. Л. Свенцицкого «Самооценка психологической адаптивности» и шкалы «Социальная приверженность стране», «Культурная приверженность стране» из опросника С. В. Фроловой. Для статистической обработки данных применялся коэффициент ранговой корреляции Спирмена. Психологическая и социокультурная адаптация рассматривалась в соотношении «изоляция – идентификация» (В. И. Слободчиков). Согласно полученным результатам, студенты из дальнего зарубежья продемонстрировали низкую психологическую адаптивность при высоких притязаниях на успешность социально-культурной адаптации. Помощь в ее достижении со стороны преподавателей университетов будет особенно действенна тогда, когда они будут сочетать академическую работу с решением проблем образовательного и профессионального, а также социального и коммуникативного содержания. Студенты из соседних стран продемонстрировали взаимосвязанный набор требований к успешной социокультурной адаптации, сосредоточив внимание на социальных связях и соблюдая дистанцию в области культуры. В связи с этим особо значима работа педагогов по обеспечению положительной динамики межкультурных отношений с привлечением традиций межнационального добрососедства на территории южного региона России. Материалы проведенного исследования востребованы системой повышения квалификации преподавательского состава, учитывающей разницу в культурной дистанции иностранных студентов. The quantity of students from far and near abroad in Russian universities is increasing from year to year. This indicator shows not only the prestige of the Russian higher education system, but also the establishment of good-neighbourly, partnership relations. In this regard, the problem of successful adaptation of foreign students is considered from the point of view of strengthening the international status of the state as a whole. There are two aspects of adaptation, psychological (generalized) and socio-cultural (expressed), we studied 397 foreign students from universities in the south of Russia to investigate these aspects. We used express diagnostic tools designed on A. L. Sventsitsky “Self-assessment of psychological adaptability” and the scales “Social commitment to the country” and “Cultural commitment to the country” from S. V. Frolova’ questionnaire. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used for statistical data processing. Psychological and socio-cultural adaptation to educational conditions of south Russia universities were considered in the relation “isolation – identification” (V. I. Slobodchikov) and found a high rank correlation. Psychological and socio-cultural adaptation were considered in the ratio “isolation – identification” (V. I. Slobodchikov) and found a correlation of р 0.01. According to the results, students from far abroad demonstrated low psychological adaptability with high claims to the success of socio-cultural adaptation. Assistance in achieving it from university teachers will be especially effective when they combine academic work with solving problems of educational, professional, as well as social and communicative character. Students from neighbouring countries demonstrated an interconnected set of requirements for successful socio-cultural adaptation, focusing on social ties and keeping a distance in the field of culture. In this regard, the work of teachers to ensure the positive dynamics of intercultural relations with the involvement of traditions of interethnic good-neighbourliness in the southern region of Russia is particularly significant. Consequently, the present research materials are in need of the system of advanced training of the teaching staff, taking into account the difference in the cultural distance of foreign students.

Writing in Franco's Spain: Censorship, gender and social criticism in the postwar novel

<p>Following the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War (1936–39), General Francisco Franco’s authoritarian regime ruled Spain in a dictatorship that lasted almost forty years. In order to preserve the dominance of the regime and its ideology in Spain, all cultural activity was strictly censored, with censorship being particularly severe in the immediate postwar years. The regime’s censorship board, often with the involvement of Catholic clergy, had to approve all types of public communication, from poetry to television, before it could be published or broadcast. The censor was to ensure that the material in question was not critical of the regime or its ideology and that it did not challenge Catholic morals and traditional Spanish family values. Despite the regime’s efforts, however, writers who wished to convey their opposition to the dictatorship turned to a realist, objective narrative style that would allow them to denounce Francoist society without causing concern for the censors. In this thesis, I examine five Spanish postwar novels, published between 1945 and 1961, that provide a critique of Francoism and its associated values: Carmen Laforet’s Nada (1945), Luis Romero’s La noria (1952), Ignacio Aldecoa’s El fulgor y la sangre (1954), Juan García Hortelano’s Nuevas amistades (1959) and Dolores Medio’s Diario de una maestra (1961). This particular combination of novels has been selected in order to examine social and political criticism in the postwar novel from a wider perspective than that which is traditionally assigned to the Spanish novela social. In each case study, I identify which aspects of the Franco regime and postwar society the author sought to denounce and discuss how the author manages to convey these critical views despite the constraints of censorship. Themes include the misery and hunger that plagued Spain in the 1940s, the harsh repression suffered by the losers of the war, class and wealth inequality, the subversion of the regime’s ‘official’ historiography and the adoption of the Catholic Church’s ultra-conservative moral values. There is a particular focus on the critique of social themes that most affected women, such as the strict moral code assigned to women by the regime and the double moral standards with regard to issues such as premarital sex, prostitution and abortion; these themes are prominent in all of the selected novels, regardless of the gender of the author. In the first chapter, I outline the historical background that led to the Civil War and the establishment of the dictatorship and describe the literary context of the early Franco era. The following five chapters consist of my case studies which are examined in chronological order: each novel is examined separately in the context of social and political history, although I will draw parallels where suitable. The analyses are framed by theories of political and social commitment in literature; I draw also on gender and memory studies, and critics who discuss the relationship between literature and censorship. I have consulted the official censor’s report for each novel and discuss how each novel was received and altered, if at all, by the censor, as well as speculating as to how each author may have tailored his or her work in order to avoid such censorial intervention.</p>

Was John B. Watson Inspired by Anna Wyczółkowska and Her Studies in the Mechanism of Speech?

In 1913, an article by Anna Wyczółkowska entitled Theoretical and experimental studies in the mechanism of speech was published in the Psychological Review. It contains the results of her studies on internal speech and thought, which had been carried out by the author seven years earlier, in the psychological laboratory of the University of Chicago. John B. Watson was a participant in the study. Wyczółkowska believed that Watson was inspired by her research. Thanks to his participation, he gradually began to move away from his original interest in animal psychology, towards behaviourism. In his Behaviorist Manifesto published in the same year, Watson took, as one of the arguments for the rightness of his programme, the assumption that the thought process is really motor habits in the larynx, improvements, short cuts, changes, etc. According to Wyczółkowska, it was obviously inspired by her research. Her aforementioned article is still cited in the psychological literature today, and belongs to the canon of the most important early experimental studies in the field of research on thinking and speech processes. This text discusses the relationship between the research conducted by Wyczółkowska and some assumptions of behaviourism. Furthermore it presents the story of Wyczółkowska’s life, her scientific work, social commitment to women’s university education, and activities in the Polish American community.

The Role of Social Networks on building Awareness and social responsibility to achieve Environmental Sustainability in Bangladesh

With the benefit of globalization and access to data, unceremonious populations came to use social platforms largely used by several ages. Nonetheless, natural problems have been triggering universal effects, just as concerns of social feebleness. Natural mindfulness mixings new application propensities, performing another socially skilled stance. This analysis plans to separate the influence of relational organizations on natural mindfulness and the social responsibility of several ages. We employ the structure of the quantitative and distinctive study, by approaching the Primary Condition Establishing. The results feature that people who are presented with data (recordings, photographs, messages) acknowledged with social commitment and natural supportability are impacted in the progress of social and ecological mindfulness. However, all ages familiarized the most marginal approaches for responses in the quest for data on natural and social issues. This is appropriate to society, presentation organizations, government offices, and organizations to advance deeds and data on social and ecological obligation and connect all Ages in maintainable development.

Perception of Medical Professionalism among Medical Residents in Spain

Background: Medical professionalism, defined as commitment to the primacy of patient welfare, is the basis for doctor–patient–society relationships, but previous research with medical students has shown that professionalism and social commitment to medicine may be waning. To determine if this trend also appears in recently qualified practicing doctors, we surveyed 90 newly graduated doctors currently working as medical residents in two university hospitals in Murcia, Spain. A previously validated questionnaire that studies the perception of six categories (responsibility, altruism, service, excellence, honesty and integrity, and respect) defining medical professionalism was used. Results: A good perception of professionalism was found among medical residents, with more than 70% positive responses in all these six categories. There is an increasing trend in the number of negative responses as the residency goes on. Altruism was the category with the greatest percentage of negative answers (22.3%) and Respect was the category with the lowest percentage (12.9%). Conclusions: The results show a good professionalism perception in medical residents, but also a slight decline in positive answers that began during medical school. A significant trend was found when including both students and residents. Although there were some differences between students and residents, these were not statistically significant. Educational interventions are needed both at the level of medical school and postgraduate medical residency.

Child sex ratio - declining trend: Reasons and consequences

Child sex ratio (CSR) and over all sex ratio have found to be the important indicator to examine the social commitment against female child. According to census 2011, CSR has been decreased from 927 to 919 in 2011. Many researchers have reported that the sex ratio at birth is in favor of males and the low sex ratio is found to be due to the sex selection strategies of the parents. Despite the higher mortality preponderance for male child, the females were having a decreased ratio during childhood years. Gender discrimination and female infanticide have found to be the important factor responsible for the low CSR. This article tries to shed light into the issue among the states of India, giving a special attention to the state of Tamil Nadu and proposes few remedial measures.

Biograficzno-pokoleniowe rysy w narracjach nauczycieli na tle przemian w minionym trzydziestoleciu

The analyses are based on teachers’ memoirs and autobiographical narratives that have been collected as a result of subsequent editions of research conducted between 1989 and 2016. These narratives show the problems, tensions and transformations in education, and in the role of a teacher in Poland over the past 30 years. Changes seen through the eyes of successive generations of teachers, against the background of their life history and professional experiences and achievements, are a record of the changes that took place during the system transformation. They may be the evidence of an inevitable generational change in the teaching profession and teacher community. Research shows that the generation born in the 1950s and 1960s, involved in the democratic changes in Poland at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, is leaving the teaching profession. This generation participated in the “Solidarity” social movement. Its members were brought up and educated in the sense of a strong social commitment, the so-called ethos. Currently, young teachers born in the 1990s and later enter the profession. They belong to the generation of free, democratic Poland, which has a more pragmatic attitude to life and professional work in education. This is the generation of the internet, unlimited choice, and open global access to information and goods. The implications of such findings are discussed in the article.

Coleccionismo y patrocinio de arte en el siglo XVII: el ejemplo de la familia Muñoz de Otálora

En este artículo se intenta explicar el coleccionismo y el patrocinio de arte y bibliográfico en el siglo XVII a través del ejemplo que nos proporcionan los inventarios de bienes del licenciado Alonso Muñoz de Otálora, alcalde de casa y corte, y de Juana Clara Muñoz de Otálora. El coleccionismo desde el punto de vista social se presenta como un símbolo del estatus y como una manifestación del prestigio social de los individuos y de las instituciones. La casa, como espacio físico y residencial, albergar las colecciones artísticas y otros objetos y joyas que nos acercan al nivel de vida y al lujo de las familias de poder del siglo XVII. Finalmente, el patrocinio y financiación de iglesias y ermitas se presentan como signo inequívoco de la magnificencia de la familia y como una manifestación de su poder y compromiso social con los valores civilizatorios. This article tries to explain the collecting and sponsorship of art and bibliography in the seventeenth century through the example provided by the inventories of assets of the lawyer Alonso Muñoz de Otálora, mayor of the house and court, and Juana Clara Muñoz de Otálora . Collecting from the social point of view is presented as a symbol of status and as a manifestation of the social prestige of individuals and institutions. The house, as a physical and residential space, the houses, the artistic collections and other objects and jewels that bring us closer to the standard of living and the luxury of the 17th century that power families. Finally, the sponsorship and financing of churches and hermitages are presented as an unequivocal sign of the magnificence of the family and as a manifestation of its power and social commitment to civilized values.