scholarly journals Unravelling daily human mobility motifs

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (84) ◽  
pp. 20130246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian M. Schneider ◽  
Vitaly Belik ◽  
Thomas Couronné ◽  
Zbigniew Smoreda ◽  
Marta C. González
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Daily Mobility ◽  
Simple Rules ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Daily Scale ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Spatial Trajectories

Human mobility is differentiated by time scales. While the mechanism for long time scales has been studied, the underlying mechanism on the daily scale is still unrevealed. Here, we uncover the mechanism responsible for the daily mobility patterns by analysing the temporal and spatial trajectories of thousands of persons as individual networks. Using the concept of motifs from network theory, we find only 17 unique networks are present in daily mobility and they follow simple rules. These networks, called here motifs, are sufficient to capture up to 90 per cent of the population in surveys and mobile phone datasets for different countries. Each individual exhibits a characteristic motif, which seems to be stable over several months. Consequently, daily human mobility can be reproduced by an analytically tractable framework for Markov chains by modelling periods of high-frequency trips followed by periods of lower activity as the key ingredient.

scholarly journals Understanding senior's daily mobility patterns in California using human mobility motifs

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 103117
Author(s):  
Rongxiang Su ◽  
Jingyi Xiao ◽  
Elizabeth C. McBride ◽  
Konstadinos G. Goulias
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Daily Mobility

Human Mobility and Crime: Theoretical Approaches and Novel Data Collection Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Browning ◽  
Nicolo P. Pinchak ◽  
Catherine A. Calder
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Crime Risk ◽  
Spatial Trajectories ◽  
Collection Strategies

This review outlines approaches to explanations of crime that incorporate the concept of human mobility—or the patterns of movement throughout space of individuals or populations in the context of everyday routines—with a focus on novel strategies for the collection of geographically referenced data on mobility patterns. We identify three approaches to understanding mobility–crime linkages: Place and neighborhood approaches characterize local spatial units of analysis of varying size with respect to the intersection in space and time of potential offenders, victims, and guardians. Person-centered approaches emphasize the spatial trajectories of individuals and person–place interactions that influence crime risk. Ecological network approaches consider links between persons or collectivities based on shared activity locations, capturing influences of broader systems of interconnection on spatial- and individual-level variation in crime. We review data collection strategies for the measurement of mobility across these approaches, considering both the challenges and promise of mobility-based research for criminology. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Criminology, Volume 4 is January 13, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals The sensitivity of landscape evolution models to spatial and temporal rainfall resolution

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Coulthard ◽  
C. J. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Data Resolution ◽  
Upland Erosion ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Abstract. Climate is one of the main drivers for landscape evolution models (LEMs), yet its representation is often basic with values averaged over long time periods and frequently lumped to the same value for the whole basin. Clearly, this hides the heterogeneity of precipitation – but what impact does this averaging have on LEM outcomes? This paper examines the sensitivity of the CAESAR-Lisflood LEM to different spatial and temporal precipitation resolutions – as well as how this interacts with different size drainage basins over short and long time scales. A range of simulations were carried out varying rainfall from 0.25 hour, 5 km to 24 hour lumped resolution over three different sized basins for 30 year durations. Results showed that there was a sensitivity to temporal and spatial resolution, with the finest leading to > 100 % increases in basin sediment yields. To look at how these interactions manifested over longer time scales, several simulations were carried out to model a 1000 year period. These showed a systematic bias towards greater erosion in uplands and deposition in valley floors with the highest spatial and temporal resolution data. Further tests showed that this effect was due solely to the data resolution, not from other (e.g. orographic) factors. The implications of these findings are that past and present LEMs may be under-predicting basin sediment yields, as well upland erosion and downstream deposition - that may have significant impacts on the modelled basin profile and shape.

scholarly journals Characteristics of human mobility patterns revealed by high-frequency cell-phone position data

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zhao ◽  
An Zeng ◽  
Chi Ho Yeung
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Transition Mechanism ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Short Time

AbstractHuman mobility is an important characteristic of human behavior, but since tracking personalized position to high temporal and spatial resolution is difficult, most studies on human mobility patterns rely on sparsely sampled position data. In this work, we re-examined human mobility patterns via comprehensive cell-phone position data recorded at a high frequency up to every second. We constructed human mobility networks and found that individuals exhibit origin-dependent, path-preferential patterns in their short time-scale mobility. These behaviors are prominent when the temporal resolution of the data is high, and are thus overlooked in most previous studies. Incorporating measured quantities from our high frequency data into conventional human mobility models shows inconsistent statistical results. We finally revealed that the individual preferential transition mechanism characterized by the first-order Markov process can quantitatively reproduce the observed travel patterns at both individual and population levels at all relevant time-scales.

scholarly journals Mobility patterns in inland southwestern Sweden during the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malou Blank ◽  
Karl-Göran Sjögren ◽  
Corina Knipper ◽  
Karin M Frei ◽  
Helena Malmström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Strontium Isotope Analysis ◽  
Sex Assessment ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate population dynamics in the Scandinavian Neolithic and Early Bronze Age in southwestern Sweden. Human mobility patterns in Falbygden were studied by applying strontium isotope analysis combined with archaeological and bioarchaeological data, including mtDNA and sex assessment on a large dataset encompassing 141 individuals from 21 megalithic graves. In combination with other archaeological and anthropological records, we investigated the temporal and spatial scale of individual movement, mobility patterns of specific categories of people and possible social drivers behind them. Our results of strontium and biomolecular analyses suggest that mobility increased in the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age compared to the earlier parts of the Neolithic. The data indicate individuals moving both into and away from Falbygden. Mobility patterns and contact networks also shift over time.

The Spread of Pollutants from Harbour Sludge Depots

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 623-633
Author(s):  
M Loxham ◽  
F Weststrate
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Dilution Effects ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Harbour Sludge

It is generally agreed that both the landfill option, or the civil techniques option for the final disposal of contaminated harbour sludge involves the isolation of the sludge from the environment. For short time scales, engineered barriers such as a bentonite screen, plastic sheets, pumping strategies etc. can be used. However for long time scales the effectiveness of such measures cannot be counted upon. It is thus necessary to be able to predict the long term environmenttal spread of contaminants from a mature landfill. A model is presented that considers diffusion and adsorption in the landfill site and convection and adsorption in the underlaying aquifer. From a parameter analysis starting form practical values it is shown that the adsorption behaviour and the molecular diffusion coefficient of the sludge, are the key parameters involved in the near field. The dilution effects of the far field migration patterns are also illustrated.

scholarly journals Public Transport GPS Probe and Rail Gate Data for Assessing the Pattern of Human Mobility in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2178
Author(s):  
Songkorn Siangsuebchart ◽  
Sarawut Ninsawat ◽  
Apichon Witayangkurn ◽  
Surachet Pravinvongvuth
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Transport Planning ◽  
Java Program

Bangkok, the capital city of Thailand, is one of the most developed and expansive cities. Due to the ongoing development and expansion of Bangkok, urbanization has continued to expand into adjacent provinces, creating the Bangkok Metropolitan Region (BMR). Continuous monitoring of human mobility in BMR aids in public transport planning and design, and efficient performance assessment. The purpose of this study is to design and develop a process to derive human mobility patterns from the real movement of people who use both fixed-route and non-fixed-route public transport modes, including taxis, vans, and electric rail. Taxi GPS open data were collected by the Intelligent Traffic Information Center Foundation (iTIC) from all GPS-equipped taxis of one operator in BMR. GPS probe data of all operating GPS-equipped vans were collected by the Ministry of Transport’s Department of Land Transport for daily speed and driving behavior monitoring. Finally, the ridership data of all electric rail lines were collected from smartcards by the Automated Fare Collection (AFC). None of the previous works on human mobility extraction from multi-sourced big data have used van data; therefore, it is a challenge to use this data with other sources in the study of human mobility. Each public transport mode has traveling characteristics unique to its passengers and, therefore, specific analytical tools. Firstly, the taxi trip extraction process was developed using Hadoop Hive to process a large quantity of data spanning a one-month period to derive the origin and destination (OD) of each trip. Secondly, for van data, a Java program was used to construct the ODs of van trips. Thirdly, another Java program was used to create the ODs of the electric rail lines. All OD locations of these three modes were aggregated into transportation analysis zones (TAZ). The major taxi trip destinations were found to be international airports and provincial bus terminals. The significant trip destinations of vans were provincial bus terminals in Bangkok, electric rail stations, and the industrial estates in other provinces of BMR. In contrast, electric rail destinations were electric rail line interchange stations, the central business district (CBD), and commercial office areas. Therefore, these significant destinations of taxis and vans should be considered in electric rail planning to reduce the air pollution from gasoline vehicles (taxis and vans). Using the designed procedures, the up-to-date dataset of public transport can be processed to derive a time series of human mobility as an input into continuous and sustainable public transport planning and performance assessment. Based on the results of the study, the procedures can benefit other cities in Thailand and other countries.

scholarly journals A novel geo-hierarchical population mobility model for spatial spreading of resurgent epidemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Topîrceanu ◽  
Radu-Emil Precup
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Epidemic Size ◽  
Control Of Epidemics

AbstractComputational models for large, resurgent epidemics are recognized as a crucial tool for predicting the spread of infectious diseases. It is widely agreed, that such models can be augmented with realistic multiscale population models and by incorporating human mobility patterns. Nevertheless, a large proportion of recent studies, aimed at better understanding global epidemics, like influenza, measles, H1N1, SARS, and COVID-19, underestimate the role of heterogeneous mixing in populations, characterized by strong social structures and geography. Motivated by the reduced tractability of studies employing homogeneous mixing, which make conclusions hard to deduce, we propose a new, very fine-grained model incorporating the spatial distribution of population into geographical settlements, with a hierarchical organization down to the level of households (inside which we assume homogeneous mixing). In addition, population is organized heterogeneously outside households, and we model the movement of individuals using travel distance and frequency parameters for inter- and intra-settlement movement. Discrete event simulation, employing an adapted SIR model with relapse, reproduces important qualitative characteristics of real epidemics, like high variation in size and temporal heterogeneity (e.g., waves), that are challenging to reproduce and to quantify with existing measures. Our results pinpoint an important aspect, that epidemic size is more sensitive to the increase in distance of travel, rather that the frequency of travel. Finally, we discuss implications for the control of epidemics by integrating human mobility restrictions, as well as progressive vaccination of individuals.

scholarly journals Mobility Patterns in Different Age Groups in Japan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Small Area Time Series Analysis through March 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhei Nomura ◽  
Yuta Tanoue ◽  
Daisuke Yoneoka ◽  
Stuart Gilmour ◽  
Takayuki Kawashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Delivery ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Health Care Delivery System ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
The Status

AbstractIn the COVID-19 era, movement restrictions are crucial to slow virus transmission and have been implemented in most parts of the world, including Japan. To find new insights on human mobility and movement restrictions encouraged (but not forced) by the emergency declaration in Japan, we analyzed mobility data at 35 major stations and downtown areas in Japan—each defined as an area overlaid by several 125-meter grids—from September 1, 2019 to March 19, 2021. Data on the total number of unique individuals per hour passing through each area were obtained from Yahoo Japan Corporation (i.e., more than 13,500 data points for each area). We examined the temporal trend in the ratio of the rolling seven-day daily average of the total population to a baseline on January 16, 2020, by ten-year age groups in five time frames. We demonstrated that the degree and trend of mobility decline after the declaration of a state of emergency varies across age groups and even at the subregional level. We demonstrated that monitoring dynamic geographic and temporal mobility information stratified by detailed population characteristics can help guide not only exit strategies from an ongoing emergency declaration, but also initial response strategies before the next possible resurgence. Combining such detailed data with data on vaccination coverage and COVID-19 incidence (including the status of the health care delivery system) can help governments and local authorities develop community-specific mobility restriction policies. This could include strengthening incentives to stay home and raising awareness of cognitive errors that weaken people's resolve to refrain from nonessential movement.

scholarly journals Heat exposure assessment based on individual daily mobility patterns in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 101367
Author(s):  
Shinya Yasumoto ◽  
Andrew P. Jones ◽  
Kei Oyoshi ◽  
Hiroshi Kanasugi ◽  
Yoshihide Sekimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Daily Mobility
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