Societas Scientiarum Fennica

1938 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-62
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
General Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Académie Des Sciences ◽  
The One ◽  
Large Output

An important event of the present year has been the attainment of its centenary by the Societas Scientiarum Fennica, the Finnish equivalent of the Royal Society or the Académie des Sciences—though indeed of wider scope than these, including as it does a Humanistic section in addition to those concerned with Mathematics and Physical Sciences on the one hand and Natural History on the other. The Society, during the century of its existence, has been responsible for a large output of scientific literature, its main publications being subdivided, on very much the same plan as those of the Royal Society, into (1) Transactions (Acta), which of recent years (1930-38) have been arranged in separate volumes for the physico-mathematical and biological subjects; (2) Proceedings (Ofversigt), which from 1923 onwards are arranged in three parallel series of 'Commentationes’ corresponding to the main sections of the Society’s activities, and (3) an annual 'Arsbok' containing general information, reports of lectures, and obituary notices. The pages of these several publications provide impressive testimony to the importance of the Societas Scientiarum Fennica in the march of modern science.

scholarly journals X.—Notice of Fossil Trees recently Discovered in Craigleith Quarry, near Edinburgh

1874 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Christison
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Tree Ferns ◽  
Comprehensive Treatise ◽  
The One

In February 1831 the late Mr Witham read to the Royal Society of Edin burgh, a paper of much interest on two fossil trees of great size which had been brought to light, the one in 1826, and the other in 1830, during the excavations carried on in Craigleith sandstone quarry, in the immediate neighbourhood of our city. In March of the same year this paper, with the addition of several chemical analyses of the fossils, was read also before the Natural History Society of Northumberland. In 1833 he included his observations on these fossils in a separate and more comprehensive treatise on “The Internal Structure of Fossil Vegetables found in the Carboniferous and Oolitic Deposits of Great Britain.” The main purpose of Mr Witham's researches—in addition to an accurate description and delineation of natural objects previously little investigated—was to show that fossil vegetables in the oolitic and carboniferous formations were not, as had been generally supposed prior to his researches, always ferns, tree-ferns, lycopodiums, and other acrogenous plants, but on the contrary many of them woody exogenous trees, showing longitudinal ligneous bundles, transverse medullary rays, concentric annual layers, and other characters belonging to the intimate organisation of our existing forest trees. Mr Witham even went so far as to identify the structure of the Craigleith fossils with that of our modern pines, and to assign them to two separate species.

scholarly journals Description of a new barometer, recently fixed up in the apart­ments of the Royal Society; with remarks on the mode hitherto pursued at various periods, and an account of that which is now adopted, for correcting the observed height of the mercury in the society’s barometer

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
Usual Scale

The barometer, here alluded to, may in some measure be consi­dered as two separate and independent barometers, inasmuch as it is formed of two distinct tubes dipping into one and the same cistern of mercury. One of these tubes is made of flint glass, and the other of crown glass, with a view to ascertain whether, at the end of any given period, the one may have had any greater chemical effect on the mercury than the other, and thus affected the results. A brass rod, to which the scale is attached, passes through the framework, between the two tubes, and is thus common to both : one end of which is furnished with a fine agate point, which, by means of a rack and pinion moving the whole rod, may be brought just to touch the surface of the mercury in the cistern, the slightest contact with which is immediately discernible; and the other end of which bears the usual scale of inches, tenths, &c.; and there is a separate vernier for each tube. A small thermometer, the bulb of which dips into the mercury in the cistern, is inserted at the bottom : and an eye­piece is also there fixed, so that the agate point can be viewed with more distinctness and accuracy. The whole instrument is made to turn round in azimuth, in order to verify the perpendicularity of the tubes and the scale. It is evident that there are many advantages attending this mode of construction, which are not to be found in the barometers as usu­ally formed for general use in this country. The absolute heights are more correctly and more satisfactorily determined ; and the per­manency of true action is more effectually noticed and secured. For, every part is under the inspection and control of the observer; and any derangement or imperfection in either of the tubes is imme­diately detected on comparison with the other. And, considering the care that has been taken in filling the tubes, and setting off the scale, it may justly be considered as a standard barometer . The pre­sent volume of the Philosophical Transactions will contain the first register of the observations that have been made with this instru­ment.

Emerson's Atom and the Matter of Suffering

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-47
Author(s):  
Mark Noble
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Classical Field Theory ◽  
Classical Field ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Solid Bodies ◽  
Lines Of Force

This essay argues that Ralph Waldo Emerson's interest in the cutting-edge science of his generation helps to shape his understanding of persons as fluid expressions of power rather than solid bodies. In his 1872 "Natural History of Intellect," Emerson correlates the constitution of the individual mind with the tenets of Michael Faraday's classical field theory. For Faraday, experimenting with electromagnetism reveals that the atom is a node or point on a network, and that all matter is really the arrangement of energetic lines of force. This atomic model offers Emerson a technology for envisioning a materialized subjectivity that both unravels personal identity and grants access to impersonal power. On the one hand, adopting Faraday's field theory resonates with many of the affirmative philosophical and ethical claims central to Emerson's early essays. On the other hand, however, distributing the properties of Faraday's atoms onto the properties of the person also entails moments in which materialized subjects encounter their own partiality, limitation, and suffering. I suggest that Emerson represents these aspects of experience in terms that are deliberately discrepant from his conception of universal power. He presumes that if every experience boils down to the same lines of force, then the particular can be trivialized with respect to the general. As a consequence, Emerson must insulate his philosophical assertions from contamination by our most poignant experiences of limitation. The essay concludes by distinguishing Emersonian "Necessity" from Friedrich Nietzsche's similar conception of amor fati, which routes the affirmation of fate directly through suffering.

John Conrad Hansen (1869–1952) and his scientific illustrations

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Brinkman
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Museum ◽  
Oil Paintings ◽  
Other Hand

Over the course of his 14-year career at Chicago's Field Museum of Natural History, artist and engraver John Conrad Hansen rendered hundreds of beautiful and accurate scientific illustrations of animals – mostly extinct fossil vertebrates. His principal media were oil paintings, pencil, pen-and-ink and wash drawings. Many of his illustrations have been published in the scientific literature. His oil paintings, on the other hand, were made for display alongside specimens in the Field Museum's exhibits. Despite the quality of Hansen's full-colour reconstructions, few of them have been seen outside the Museum. A small, representative sample of his work is reproduced here, along with a brief account of his troubled life and career.

scholarly journals ON THE SPECIFICITY OF FUNCTIONING OF THE NUMERALS IN THE NORTHERN DIALECTS OF THE UDMURT LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 804-812
Author(s):  
L.L. Karpova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Empirical Base ◽  
Language Area ◽  
The One ◽  
Limited Diffusion

The paper aims to analyze features of the numerals in the Northern dialects of the Udmurt language. The empirical base of the research is the language materials of the author’s dialectological expeditions to the areas of Northern Udmurt. The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of information about the originality of the Udmurt dialects, common in the Northern language area and having insufficient coverage in the scientific literature. The paper highlights specific features of the Northern Udmurt dialects on the one hand and features with limited diffusion in certain microsystems of studied dialects on the other. The study demonstrates that general characteristics of the numerals in these dialects do not show great differences from those of literary language. The author focuses on features that are highlighted in the phonetic design of individual numerals. Specific phenomena in the formation and use of certain numbering words are noted. The territorial prevalence of dialect modifications of the numerals in the Northern dialect space of the Udmurt language is also revealed. Consistent comparison of the language facts of Northern Udmurt dialects with similar phenomena in other dialects of Udmurt is made.

Emergence as a Metaphysical Fact

KronoScope ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Hervé Barreau
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Weak Form ◽  
Anthropic Principle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Teleological Explanation ◽  
Cosmic Evolution ◽  
Modern Cosmology ◽  
The One

Abstract A metaphysical fact is a fact, clearly recognizable in the course of time, for which there is no scientific explanation, that is, no legal explanation or explanation deduced in the manner recommended by modern science. I contend that life’s emergence and human thought’s emergence are metaphysical facts in this sense. These emergences are not to be explained by Darwinian principles which themselves do not seem adequate to explain genetic evolutionism. But modern cosmology has given us leave to reflect on cosmic evolution in a manner which gives sense to overall finality. There is an anthropic principle which has two forms: in the weak form, it can help science discover new legal explanations; in the strong form, it offers a teleological explanation of the laws of nature. As F. Dyson noted, we have two styles of explanation: the one is scientific; the other is metascientific (or metaphysical). We have no reason to reject teleological explanations about ontological questions.

scholarly journals On some circumstances relating to the economy of bees

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 346-347
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Compact Mass ◽  
Whole Number ◽  
Permanent Settlement ◽  
The One ◽  
Hollow Tree ◽  
As If

The author had already stated, in a former communication to the Royal Society, his having noticed that for several days previous to the settling of a swarm of bees in the cavity of a hollow tree adapted to their reception, a considerable number of these insects were incessantly employed in examining the state of the tree, and particularly of every dead knot above the cavity which appeared likely to admit water. He has since had an opportunity of observing that the bees who performed this task of inspection, instead of being the same individuals as he had formerly supposed, were in fact a continual succession of different bees; the whole number in the course of three days being such as to warrant the inference that not a single labouring bee ever emigrates in a swarm without having seen its proposed future habitation. He finds that the same applies not only to the place of permanent settlement, but also to that where the bees rest temporarily, soon after swarming, in order to collect their numbers. The swarms, which were the subjects of Mr. Knight’s experiments, showed a remarkable disposition to unite under the same queen. On one occasion a swarm, which had arisen from one of his hives, settled upon a bush at a distance of about twenty-five yards; but instead of collecting together into a compact mass, as they usually do, they remained thinly dispersed for nearly half an hour; after which, as if tired of waiting, they singly, one after the other, and not in obedience to any signal, arose and returned home. The next morning a swarm issued from a neighbouring hive, and proceeded to the same bush upon which the other bees had settled on the preceding day; collecting themselves into a mass, as they usually do when their queen is present. In a few minutes afterwards a very large assemblage of bees rushed from the hive from which the former swarm had issued, and proceeded directly to the one which had just settled, and instantly united with them. The author is led from these and other facts to conclude that such unions of swarms are generally, if not always, the result of previous concert and arrangement.

The Gravity Funnels, formed by the longitudinal vortices, according to the new Axioms and Laws

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Space Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Longitudinal Vortices ◽  
New Space ◽  
The One

In the age of information, it is no secret that the modern science is in a very difficult position. On the one hand, it has high hopes for solving the problems of modern humanity and very practical tasks. On the other hand, science shows limited potential and difficulty in carrying out the tasks. Beyond scientific theory remain such phenomena as gravity and gravitational waves and other unexplored and very useful phenomena. Obviously, the reason for these limited capabilities of modern science is its limited foundation. The foundation of science is determined by its basic axioms. If we expand the foundation of science, we will be able to build a more comprehensive, perfect and voluminous theory. In two monographs and a series of articles the author offers a system of extended axioms (with two new axioms) and a more extended theory (with eight new laws). To the great surprise of even the author, this new theory turned out to be extensive enough to cover and explain and the gravity. Moreover, the extended axioms and theory directly and naturally outlined the algorithm in the explanation of the so-called Gravity Funnels. According to the new axioms and laws, Gravity Funnels are both for suction (accelerating) and for expansion (decelerating). Expansion Gravity Funnel decelerates along its longitudinal direction as emits the matter in the transverse direction. In this way it consumes energy and generates matter. Suction Gravity Funnel accelerates along its longitudinal direction as sucks the matter in transverse direction. In this way it consumes matter and generates energy. The both of Funnels are situated in a new Space-time. The Space-time of decelerating and accelerating Funnels is packed by longitudinal vortices, in which the Space (S) is constant. It is radically different of the Space-Time where we live now. The Space-time where we live now is packed by cross vortices, where the time (T) is constant. According the new Axioms and Laws the two described Space- times are mutually orthogonal.

Spiders, Ants, and Bees

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-51
Author(s):  
Doina-Cristina Rusu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Francis Bacon ◽  
Middle Way ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Natural Histories

This paper argues that the methodology Francis Bacon used in his natural histories abides by the theoretical commitments presented in his methodological writings. On the one hand, Bacon advocated a middle way between idle speculation and mere gathering of facts. On the other hand, he took a strong stance against the theorisation based on very few facts. Using two of his sources whom Bacon takes to be the reflection of these two extremes—Giambattista della Porta as an instance of idle speculations, and Hugh Platt as an instance of gathering facts without extracting knowledge—I show how Bacon chose the middle way, which consists of gathering facts and gradually extracting theory out of them. In addition, it will become clear how Bacon used the expertise of contemporary practitioners to criticise fantastical theories and purge natural history of misconceived notions and false speculations.

XXIV.—On the Temperature Coefficient of Concentration Cells, in which the same salt is dissolved in two different solvents

1912 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 375-396
Author(s):  
A. P. Laurie
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Potassium Iodide ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Platinum Electrode ◽  
The Other ◽  
Absolute Alcohol ◽  
Concentration Cell ◽  
New Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Concentration Cells

In a paper read before the Royal Society of Edinburgh (Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., xxviii., part v., p. 382 (1908); Zeit. phys. Chem., lxiv. 5) I described a new type of concentration cell, in which the one platinum electrode was surrounded by a solution of ·025 molecules of KI containing ·001 molecules of iodine dissolved in absolute alcohol, and the other electrode was surrounded by ·025 molecules of KI and ·001 molecules of iodine, dissolved in water. This cell developed a considerable E.M.F. of ·198 volts at 25° C. in the direction which would transfer the iodine from water to alcohol and potassium iodide from alcohol to water.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document