scholarly journals Towards a methodology for analysing nineteenth-century collecting journeys of science and empire, with Charles Darwin's activities in Tierra del Fuego as a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-420
Author(s):  
Janet Owen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Alfred Russel Wallace ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into

The interests of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in natural history and evolution took them to remote parts of the globe on hazardous, multi-sensory journeys that were ultimately about collecting. This paper introduces a methodology for exploring these complex experiences in more detail, informed by historical geography, anthropology, textual analysis and the geo-humanities. It involves looking for evidence of the richly stimulating and often challenging sensory dynamics within which they collected and connected data, observations, images, specimens, memories and ideas. Darwin's exploits in Tierra del Fuego are examined as a case study, with a particular focus on the collection of ‘Fuegian’ body paints in 1833. This type of analysis provides a fresh insight into the multi-sensory entanglement of encounter with people and place involved in the collecting process. It helps us to understand better the experiences that shaped what was collected and brought back to Britain, and the personal observations associated with these collections that sowed the seeds for Darwin's work on the origin of species.

Reading and writing the scientific voyage: FitzRoy, Darwin and John Clunies Ross

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHARINE ANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Global Reach

AbstractAn unpublished satirical work, written c.1848–1854, provides fresh insight into the most famous scientific voyage of the nineteenth century. John Clunies Ross, settler of Cocos-Keeling – which HMS Beagle visited in April 1836 – felt that Robert FitzRoy and Charles Darwin had ‘depreciated’ the atoll on which he and his family had settled a decade earlier. Producing a mock ‘supplement’ to a new edition of FitzRoy's Narrative, Ross criticized their science and their casual appropriation of local knowledge. Ross's virtually unknown work is intriguing not only for its glimpse of the Beagle voyage, but also as a self-portrait of an imperial scientific reader. An experienced merchant seaman and trader–entrepreneur with decades of experience in the region, Ross had a very different perspective from that of FitzRoy or Darwin. Yet he shared many of their assumptions about the importance of natural knowledge, embracing it as part of his own imperial projects. Showing the global reach of print culture, he used editing and revision as satirical weapons, insisting on his right to participate as both reader and author in scientific debate.

An insight into commercial natural history: Richard Glennon, William Hinchy and the nineteenth-century trade in giant Irish deer remains

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Adelman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Commercial Transaction ◽  
Commercial Network ◽  
Insight Into

Despite the gentlemanly status of natural history research and collecting during the nineteenth century, there was a wide commercial network that was necessary to supply the booming demand for specimens from scientists, hobbyists and public institutions. This article is a case study of two dealers in giant Irish deer remains, Richard Glennon and William Hinchy. I argue that examining how they transacted their business can give us insight into the workings of commercial natural history. The dealer-buyer relationship resembled one of patronage despite the fact that they were engaging in a commercial transaction.

A Fresh Insight into Film Morphology Measurement Techniques for Advanced Ulsi Manufacturing

1993 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seshadri Ramaswami
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Film Morphology ◽  
Integrated Circuit Fabrication ◽  
Circuit Fabrication ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractA laser based non-destructive technique has been used to study the morphology of sputterdeposited aluminum alloy films. The data emanating from the Therma-wave Imager that makes use of this principle, has been correlated with reflectivity, grain size and micro-roughness of the film. In addition, through the use of a case study, this paper demonstrates the utility of this application as an in-line monitor in an integrated circuit fabrication line.

Zakir Naik and His Audiences: A Case Study of Srinagar, Kashmir

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-222
Author(s):  
Raoof Mir
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Religious Worldviews

Most literature on Mumbai-based Muslim tele-Islamicist Zakir Naik offers an organizational, biographical and ideological profile. This approach has concealed the symbolic significance attached to Naik by his audiences. This paper attempts to explore not only who and what Naik is, but how and where he is located. By incorporating ethnographic and cultural studies approaches, this paper offers fresh insight into Naik and his methods of communicating religion. Taking Srinagar, a city in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, as an ethnographic site, this paper explores how Muslim individuals or groups interpret Naik in relation to their religious worldviews. The articulation of Islam by Zakir Naik through media platforms such as television and social media has contributed to a religious trend in Kashmir, in which people have discovered new ways to think about themselves and to participate in discourses about religion that would have been unthinkable a few decades ago.

The Legacy of the ‘Edinburgh Lamarckians’

2019 ◽  
pp. 156-195
Author(s):  
Bill Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Medical Student ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

The penultimate chapter looks at the longer-term impact of the efflorescence of evolutionary speculation in early-nineteenth-century Edinburgh on later generations of natural historians. First it examines the evangelical reaction against progressive models of the history of life and its role in the eclipse of the ‘Edinburgh Lamarckians.’ Next it examines to the evolutionary theory proposed by Robert Chambers in his anonymously published Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (1844) to assess its possible debt to the Edinburgh transformists of the 1820s and 1830s. Finally it turns to the important question of the possible influence of the ‘Edinburgh Lamarckians’ on Charles Darwin during his time as a medical student in Edinburgh in the years 1825 to 1827, during which period he rubbed shoulders with many of the key proponents of evolutionary ideas in the city.

The Limits of Internalism: A Case Study

Dialogue ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karyn L. Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Belief Formation ◽  
First Person ◽  
Knowledge Communities ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Psychological Dimensions ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT: Looking at specific populations of knowers reveals that the presumption of sameness within knowledge communities can lead to a number of epistemological oversights. A good example of this is found in the case of survivors of sexual violence. In this paper I argue that this case study offers a new perspective on the debate between the epistemic internalist and externalist by providing us with a fresh insight into the complicated psychological dimensions of belief formation and the implications that this has for an epistemology that demands reasons that are first-person accessible.

scholarly journals Other Types of Meaning: Relationships between Round Barrows and Landscapes from 1500 bc–ac 1086

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwen Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Extended Time ◽  
Generic Group ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Human Practices ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Extended Time Period

This paper is about Bronze Age round barrows and the ways in which they became caught up in human practices over an extended time period. At one level it belongs to a flourishing body of work that examines the ‘re-use’ or ‘biography’ of prehistoric monuments. Rather than treating the latter as a generic group, however, this study focuses on chronologies of one specific monument type—round barrows—over a 2600-year period from 1500 bc–ac 1086. By bringing together evidence and interpretations generated mainly within period specialisms, significant homogeneities are revealed in terms of how activities at prehistoric monuments have previously been understood. The possibilities for seeking out different interpretative ground are duly explored. Using a case study from the east of England and drawing on evidence and ideas from much more broadly, the approach taken places particular emphasis on examining relationships between round barrows and other aspects of landscape. The findings offer fresh insight into the temporality of activities undertaken at round barrows, question existing characterizations of past people's historical understandings, and explore the long-term coherence of ‘round barrows’ as a category.

Jemmy Button

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Toumey
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
South American ◽  
Evolutionary Thought ◽  
Human Capacity ◽  
Naval Officers

Jemmy Button was an Indian of Tierra del Fuego who inadvertently inspired four generations of nineteenth-century English missionaries to risk their earthly lives to save his eternal soul. These earnest evangelicals made five expeditions to Jemmy's South American homeland to make Christians of him and his countrymen. One of these ventures was an embarrassing fiasco, another ended in death by starvation, and a third led to a treacherous massacre.This young Indian's unintended influence also touched evolutionary thought. Jemmy Button was a friend and companion to Charles Darwin on the famous voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. Jemmy's versatile personality was intriguing to Darwin. He could be a naked Indian hunter when in Tierra del Fuego, and a foppish English gentleman when in the company of British naval officers. His ability to change like this inspired Darwin's earliest written reflections on the human capacity to progress from savagery to civilization.

Making Memories, Making Monuments: Changing Understandings of Henges in Prehistory and the Present

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca K. Younger
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Fresh Insight ◽  
Insight Into

This paper offers a fresh insight into three of Scotland’s most complex henge monuments, based on a critical analysis of the term henge. The late Neolithic circular earthwork enclosures have undergone re-evaluation in Scotland as Early Bronze Age dates for some sites have emerged since the 1990s, and the author draws on the long-term nature of these monuments to explore what came before the earthworks. Case-study sites are Cairnpapple Hill, North Mains and Forteviot henge 1. Each is explored in terms of the centuries of re-use of the space for activities such as ceremony, deposition, fire-setting and monument construction, and viewed through a framework of social memory and commemoration,

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