scholarly journals Insights from those who live with impairments of facial mobility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Cole
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Face Perception ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Congenital Absence ◽  
First Person ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Facial Muscles

Havi Carel suggested that to ‘fully understand illness it also has to be studied as a lived experience … [in its] existential, ethical and social dimensions’. This paper focuses on empirical work with those with Möbius syndrome on face perception and its implications, on their resilience and on their first person experiences. Möbius is characterized by the congenital absence of movements of the facial muscles; people with the condition cannot shut their eyes or mouths, or make facial expressions. Some also have reduced emotional experience as children. Fortunately, most do develop embodied emotional expression (through gesture and prosody, etc.) and learn that, by sharing these with others, they can also develop emotional experience within themselves. The mutual exchanges of embodied expression may facilitate and reinforce emotional experience.

scholarly journals Effects of Mask Use and Race on Face Perception, Emotion Recognition, and Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evrim Gulbetekin
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Face Perception ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Recognition Of Facial Expressions ◽  
Race Effect ◽  
The Social

Abstract This investigation used three experiments to test the effect of mask use and other-race effect (ORE) on face perception in three contexts: (a) face recognition, (b) recognition of facial expressions, and (c) social distance. The first, which involved a matching-to-sample paradigm, tested Caucasian subjects with either masked or unmasked faces using Caucasian and Asian samples. The participants exhibited the best performance in recognizing an unmasked face condition and the poorest when asked to recognize a masked face that they had seen earlier without a mask. Accuracy was also poorer for Asian faces than Caucasian faces. The second experiment presented Asian or Caucasian faces having different emotional expressions, with and without masks. The results for this task, which involved identifying which emotional expression the participants had seen on the presented face, indicated that emotion recognition performance decreased for faces portrayed with masks. The emotional expressions ranged from the most accurately to least accurately recognized as follows: happy, neutral, disgusted, and fearful. Emotion recognition performance was poorer for Asian stimuli compared to Caucasian. Experiment 3 used the same participants and stimuli and asked participants to indicate the social distance they would prefer to observe with each pictured person. The participants preferred a wider social distance with unmasked faces compared to masked faces. Social distance also varied by the portrayed emotion: ranging from farther to closer as follows: disgusted, fearful, neutral, and happy. Race was also a factor; participants preferred wider social distance for Asian compared to Caucasian faces. Altogether, our findings indicated that during the COVID-19 pandemic face perception and social distance were affected by mask use, ORE.

Revisiting the Embryology of the Facial Muscles, the Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System, and the Facial Nerve

Neurographics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-228
Author(s):  
P.M. Som ◽  
P.J. Taub ◽  
B.N. Delman
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Facial Muscles ◽  
Nonverbal Expression ◽  
Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System

The facial muscles are responsible for nonverbal expression, and the manner by which these muscles function to express various emotions are reviewed. How one recognizes these various facial expressions and how individuals can alter their facial expression are discussed. The methodology for cataloging facial expressions is also presented. The embryology of the facial muscles; the facial ligaments; and the supporting superficial musculoaponeurotic system, which magnifies the muscle movements, is also reviewed as is the embryology of the facial nerve, which innervates these muscles. Also, a detailed MR imaging atlas of the facial muscles is presented.Learning Objective: The reader will learn how the facial muscles develop and how they are the means of human nonverbal emotional expression. The anatomy of the facial ligaments and the superficial musculoaponeurotic system are also discussed

scholarly journals Motor-Incompatibility of Facial Reactions

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedwig Eisenbarth ◽  
Antje B. M. Gerdes ◽  
Georg W. Alpers
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Emotional Cues ◽  
Facial Muscles ◽  
Stimulus Valence ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Negative Facial Expression

Emotional cues facilitate motor responses that are associated with approach or avoidance. Previous research has shown that evaluative processing of positive and negative facial expression stimuli is also linked to motor schemata of facial muscles. To further investigate the influence of different types of emotional stimuli on facial reactions, we conducted a study with pictures of emotional facial expressions (KDEF) and scenes (IAPS). Healthy participants were asked to respond to the positive or negative facial expressions (KDEF) and scenes (IAPS) with specific facial muscles in a valence-congruent (stimulus valence matches muscle related valence) or a valence-incongruent condition (stimulus valence is contrary to muscle related valence). Additionally, they were asked to rate pictures in terms of valence and arousal. Muscular response latencies were recorded by an electromyogram. Overall, response latencies were shorter in response to facial expressions than to complex pictures of scenes. For both stimulus categories, response latencies with valence-compatible muscles were shorter compared to reactions with incompatible muscles. Moreover, correlations between picture ratings and facial muscle reactions for happy facial expressions as well as positive scenes reflect a direct relationship between perceived intensity of the subjective emotional experience and physiological responding. Results replicate and extend previous research, indicating that incompatibility effects are reliable across different stimulus types and are not limited to facial mimicry.

People and Climate Change

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Community Inclusion ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Political Challenge

Climate change is a profoundly social and political challenge with many social justice concerns around every corner. A global issue, climate change threatens the well-being, livelihood, and survival of people in communities worldwide. Often, those who have contributed least to climate change are the most likely to suffer from its negative consequences and are often excluded from the policy discussions and decisions that affect their lives. This book pays particular attention to the social dimensions of climate change. It examines closely people’s lived experience, climate-related injustice and inequity, why some groups are more vulnerable than others, and what can be done about it—especially through greater community inclusion in policy change. A highlight of the book is its diversity of rich, community-based examples from throughout the Global South and North. Sacrificial flood zones in urban Argentina, forced relocation of United Houma tribal members in the United States, and gendered water insecurities in Bangladesh and Australia are just some of the in-depth cases included in the book. Throughout, the book asks social and political questions about climate change. Of key importance, it asks what can be done about the unequal consequences of climate change by questioning and transforming social institutions and arrangements—guided by values that prioritize the experience of affected groups and the inclusion of diverse voices and communities in the policy process.

The face of future: Face expressions during future thinking

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182199299
Author(s):  
Mohamad El Haj ◽  
Emin Altintas ◽  
Ahmed A Moustafa ◽  
Abdel Halim Boudoukha
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Future Thinking ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Analysis ◽  
The Face ◽  
Face Expressions

Future thinking, which is the ability to project oneself forward in time to pre-experience an event, is intimately associated with emotions. We investigated whether emotional future thinking can activate emotional facial expressions. We invited 43 participants to imagine future scenarios, cued by the words “happy,” “sad,” and “city.” Future thinking was video recorded and analysed with a facial analysis software to classify whether facial expressions (i.e., happy, sad, angry, surprised, scared, disgusted, and neutral facial expression) of participants were neutral or emotional. Analysis demonstrated higher levels of happy facial expressions during future thinking cued by the word “happy” than “sad” or “city.” In contrast, higher levels of sad facial expressions were observed during future thinking cued by the word “sad” than “happy” or “city.” Higher levels of neutral facial expressions were observed during future thinking cued by the word “city” than “happy” or “sad.” In the three conditions, the neutral facial expressions were high compared with happy and sad facial expressions. Together, emotional future thinking, at least for future scenarios cued by “happy” and “sad,” seems to trigger the corresponding facial expression. Our study provides an original physiological window into the subjective emotional experience during future thinking.

Emotion-specific effects of facial expressions and postures on emotional experience.

1989 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra E. Duclos ◽  
James D. Laird ◽  
Eric Schneider ◽  
Melissa Sexter ◽  
et al
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Specific Effects

The Logic of Ambiguity

Janus Head ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-29
Author(s):  
Elizabeth McManaman Tyler ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
First Person ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Person Experience ◽  
First Person Experience

While recent work on trauma provides insight into the first-person experience of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Aristotelian propositional logic, which underlies Western paradigms of thought, contains implicit ontological assumptions about identity and time which obscure the lived experience of PTSD. Conversely, Indian Buddhist catuskoti logic calls into question dualistic and discursive forms of thought. This paper argues that catuskoti logic, informed by Buddhist ontology, is a more fitting logical framework when seeking to describe and understand the first-person experience of PTSD, as it allows for ambiguity, non-duality, and polysemy.

The Integration of Emotional Expression and Experience: A Pragmatist Review of Recent Evidence From Brain Stimulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caruana Fausto
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Common View ◽  
Frontal Operculum ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Stimulation Of

A common view in affective neuroscience considers emotions as a multifaceted phenomenon constituted by independent affective and motor components. Such dualistic connotation, obtained by rephrasing the classic Darwin and James’s theories of emotion, leads to the assumption that emotional expression is controlled by motor centers in the anterior cingulate, frontal operculum, and supplementary motor area, whereas emotional experience depends on interoceptive centers in the insula. Recent stimulation studies provide a different perspective. I will outline two sets of findings. First, affective experiences can be elicited also following the stimulation of motor centers. Second, emotional expressions can be elicited by stimulating interoceptive regions. Echoing the original pragmatist theories of emotion, I will make a case for the notion that emotional experience emerges from the integration of sensory and motor signals, encoded in the same functional network.

Autism Voices: A novel method to access first-person perspective of autistic youth

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132110421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Courchesne ◽  
Rackeb Tesfaye ◽  
Pat Mirenda ◽  
David Nicholas ◽  
Wendy Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
First Person ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Minimally Verbal ◽  
Person Perspective

Opportunities to communicate first-person perspectives are essential for self-determination. However, many autistic youth are excluded from sharing their perspectives, specifically those who are minimally verbal or with lower intellectual functioning. Current challenges to capturing their voices include a lack of appropriate inclusive methodologies. Propose an inclusive strength-oriented method to capture first-person perspectives of autistic adolescents. Our protocol (“Autism Voices”) includes a pre-interview survey and semi-structured interview using universal design strategies. It was piloted with 33 participants who were representative of diverse language and cognitive abilities. A coding scheme was developed to identify communicative acts used by participants and mitigation strategies used by interviewers to enhance communication. Interviewer strategies that enhanced communication included question formulation, use of pictures, offering various output modalities, and flexible implementation of the protocol. Non-verbal and alternative communication responses (e.g. choosing to not respond) were informative to youth’s lived experience, especially for minimally verbal participants. Overall, our results highlight that communication goes beyond verbally answering questions and that participants’ unconventional communication conveyed rich information. Autism Voices provides a promising method to promote the inclusion of autistic youth in research. Lay Abstract The perspective of autistic individuals is often left uncaptured, and as a result they are often excluded from making decisions that impact them. Conventional communication can be challenging for many autistic individuals, especially those who are minimally verbal or who have an associated intellectual disability. Currently, a lack of appropriate methods to capture voices across the spectrum is a barrier. In the present study, we developed the Autism Voices protocol using universal design principles to capture the perspectives and experiences of autistic youth with a range of language or intellectual abilities. This protocol was then used with 33 autistic youth aged 11 to 18 years. A scoring rubric was developed to capture the unconventional communication used by the participants and the mitigation strategies used by interviewers to facilitate the interview. Many components of the protocol were found to effectively facilitate communication between the participant and interviewer, including the use of picture cards to support verbal questions/prompts, the fact that participants could respond with their preferred communication methods (writing, texting, pointing), and the fact that interviews were applied flexibly to adapt to each participant. Unconventional communication and mitigation strategies were mostly observed in interviews with minimally verbal individuals, but a fine-grained analysis showed participants were still communicating something through this unconventional communication. Our protocol could help promote the inclusion of more autistic individuals in research and showed that unconventional modes of communication like echolalia provide an understanding that participants’ are invested in conversations and certain topics are more meaningful than others.

Coping Through Emotional Approach: Emerging Evidence for the Utility of Processing and Expressing Emotions in Responding to Stressors

2009 ◽  
pp. 224-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette L. Stanton ◽  
Sarah J. Sullivan ◽  
Jennifer L. Austenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Approach Coping ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Intervention Trials ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Emotional Approach

Emotional approach coping (EAC) is a construct encompassing the intentional use of emotional processing and emotional expression in efforts to manage adverse circumstances. The construct was developed in an attempt to reconcile a discrepancy between the empirical coping literature, in which an association between the use of emotion-focused coping and maladjustment often is reported, and literature in other areas describing the adaptive roles of emotional processing and expression. At least two significant limitations in the way emotion-focused coping has been operationalized help explain this discrepancy: widely disparate coping strategies, both approach-oriented and avoidance-oriented, are designated as emotion-focused coping in the literature, and some emotion-focused coping items in published measures are confounded with expressions of distress or self-deprecation. To address these problems in measurement, the EAC scale was developed. The measure includes two correlated but distinct subscales: Emotional Processing (i.e., attempts to acknowledge, explore, and understand emotions) and Emotional Expression (i.e., verbal and/or nonverbal efforts to communicate or symbolize emotional experience). Recent research using this psychometrically sound measure has provided evidence that EAC enhances adjustment to stressors including infertility, sexual assault, and breast cancer. The findings are not uniform, however, and further study of moderators such as the interpersonal context, the nature of the stressor, cognitive appraisals of the stressor, and individual differences is needed, along with additional study of mechanisms for the effects of EAC. Although emotional processing and expression are core components of many clinical approaches, specific measurement of EAC thus far has been limited to only a few clinical intervention trials. An understanding of who benefits from EAC in which contexts and how these benefits accrue will require continued integration of findings from stress and coping research, emotion science, and clinical studies.

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