scholarly journals An RGB colour image steganography scheme using overlapping block-based pixel-value differencing

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 161066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiv Prasad ◽  
Arup Kumar Pal
Keyword(s):  
Cover Image ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Colour Image ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
Block Based ◽  
Pixel Value Differencing

This paper presents a steganographic scheme based on the RGB colour cover image. The secret message bits are embedded into each colour pixel sequentially by the pixel-value differencing (PVD) technique. PVD basically works on two consecutive non-overlapping components; as a result, the straightforward conventional PVD technique is not applicable to embed the secret message bits into a colour pixel, since a colour pixel consists of three colour components, i.e. red, green and blue. Hence, in the proposed scheme, initially the three colour components are represented into two overlapping blocks like the combination of red and green colour components, while another one is the combination of green and blue colour components, respectively. Later, the PVD technique is employed on each block independently to embed the secret data. The two overlapping blocks are readjusted to attain the modified three colour components. The notion of overlapping blocks has improved the embedding capacity of the cover image. The scheme has been tested on a set of colour images and satisfactory results have been achieved in terms of embedding capacity and upholding the acceptable visual quality of the stego-image.

scholarly journals A Steganographic Method with an Overlapping of Three Pixel Block of Image

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1427-1431
Keyword(s):  
Visual Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Hiding Capacity ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pixel Value Differencing

In this paper a new image steganographic technique has been proposed which is capable of hiding data and produces a stego image that is totally indistinguishable from the original image by the human eye. To estimate the contrast and smoothness of pixels we check the relation between neighboring pixels. Our method first arranges the pixel in ascending manner, then takes the highest pixel value common with the other two pixels and then applies the pixel value differencing (PVD) method. To hide the secret data PVD technique is used in each pixel block. The two overlapping blocks are readjusted to attain the modified three-pixel components. Then calculate the new stego pixel block. In this way, take the middle and lowest pixel as the common pixel and apply the same procedure. In comparison, we get that if the highest value pixel value takes as a common one then the data hiding capacity is increased. The embedding capacity of the cover image is increased by using the pixel block overlapping mechanism. It has been tested on a set of images and also maintains the visual quality of the image.

scholarly journals Data-Hiding Scheme Using Multidirectional Pixel-Value Differencing on Colour Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Pyung-Han Kim ◽  
Eun-Jun Yoon ◽  
Kwan-Woo Ryu ◽  
Ki-Hyun Jung
Keyword(s):  
Data Hiding ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Colour Image ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pixel Value Differencing

Data hiding is a technique that hides the existence of secret data from malicious attackers. In this paper, we propose a new data-hiding scheme using multidirectional pixel-value differencing, which can embed secret data in two directions or three directions on colour images. The cover colour image is divided into nonoverlapping blocks, and the pixels of each block are decomposed into R, G, and B channels. The pixels of each block perform regrouping, and then the minimum pixel value within each block is selected. The secret data can be embedded into two directions or three directions based on the minimum pixel value by using the difference value for the block. The pixel pairs with the embedded secret data are put separately into two stego images for secret data extraction on receiver sides. In the extraction process, the secret data can be extracted using the difference value of the two stego images. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has the highest embedding capacity when the secret data are embedded into three directions. Experimental results also show that the proposed scheme has a high embedding capacity while maintaining the degree of distortion that cannot be perceived by human vision system for two directions.

Block-Based High Capacity Multilevel Image Steganography

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (08) ◽  
pp. 1650091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Kasana ◽  
Kulbir Singh ◽  
Satvinder Singh Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Digital Images ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Block Based ◽  
High Embedding Capacity

This paper proposes a block-based high capacity steganography technique for digital images. The cover image is decomposed into blocks of equal size and the largest pixel of each block is found to embed the secret data bits and also the smallest pixel of each block is used for embedding to enhance the capacity. Embedding of secret data is performed using the concept that the pixel of a cover image has only two states — even and odd. Multilevel approach is also combined in the proposed technique to achieve high embedding capacity. In order to make the proposed technique more secure, a key is generated using embedding levels, block size, pixel embedding way, encryption parameters, and starting blocks of each embedding levels. Embedding capacity and visual quality of stego images generated by the proposed steganography technique are higher than the existing techniques. Steganalysis tests have been performed to show the un-detectability and imperceptibility of the proposed technique.

scholarly journals Information Hiding Based on Histogram and Pixel Pattern

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Moesriami Barmawi ◽  
Deden Pradeka
Keyword(s):  
Information Hiding ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Image Histogram ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
Value Changes

Recently, information exchange using internet is increasing, such that information security is necessary for securing confidential information because it is possible to eavesdrop the information. There are several methods for securing the exchanged information such as was proposed by Rejani et al. Rejani’s method can be noiseless in low capacity but noisy in high capacity. In the case of high capacity, it will raise suspicion. This research proposed a method based on histogram and pixel pattern for keeping the stego image noiseless while still keeping the capacity high. Secret information can be embedded into the cover by evaluating the histogram and map the characters used in the secret message to the consecutive intensity in the cover image histogram. The map of the characters is sent to the recipient securely. Using the proposed method there is no pixel value changes during the embedding process. Based on the result of the experiments, it is shown that in noiseless condition, the proposed method has higher embedding capacity than Rejani’s especially when using cover image with sizes larger than 128 × 128. Thus, in noiseless condition the embedding capacity using the proposed method is higher than Rejani’s method in noiseless condition.  

Image Steganography Using DWT and Semi Hexadecimal Code Based on PSNR

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Balkar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Visual Quality ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Image Steganography ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, a novel image steganography approach is proposed to enhance the visual quality of stego image. The cover image is decomposed using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to produce wavelet subbands and threshold value is calculated for each higher frequency wavelet subbands. Wavelet coefficients having magnitude larger than the threshold of its subband are selected to embed the secret data. Semi Hexadecimal Code (SHC) is proposed to convert pixel value of secret image into smaller equivalent value so that it distorts stego image as less as possible. Experimental results shows that maximum PSNR between cover image and stego image is more than 75 dB .Proposed approach is also compared with the existing approaches and this comparison shows that the proposed approach is better than the existing approaches. 

scholarly journals Improved Deep Hiding/Extraction Algorithm to Enhance the Payload Capacity and Security Level of Hidden Information

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Ahmad ◽  
Nameer N. EL-Emam ◽  
Ali F. AL-Azawi
Keyword(s):  
Data Encryption ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Colour Image ◽  
Extraction Algorithm ◽  
Payload Capacity

Steganography algorithms have become a significant technique for preventing illegal users from obtaining secret data. In this paper, a deep hiding/extraction algorithm has been improved (IDHEA) to hide a secret message in colour images. The proposed algorithm has been applied to enhance the payload capacity and reduce the time complexity. Modified LSB (MLSB) is based on disseminating secret data randomly on a cover-image and has been proposed to replace a number of bits per byte (Nbpb), up to 4 bits, to increase payload capacity and make it difficult to access the hiding data. The number of levels of the IDHEA algorithm has been specified randomly; each level uses a colour image, and from one level to the next, the image size is expanded, where this algorithm starts with a small size of a cover-image and increases the size of the image gradually or suddenly at the next level, according to an enlargement ratio. Lossless image compression based on the run-length encoding algorithm and Gzip has been applied to enable the size of the data that is hiding at the next level, and data encryption using the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm (AES) has been introduced at each level to enhance the security level. Thus, the effectiveness of the proposed IDHEA algorithm has been measured at the last level, and the performance of the proposed hiding algorithm has been checked by many statistical and visual measures in terms of the embedding capacity and imperceptibility. Comparisons between the proposed approach and previous work have been implemented; it appears that the intended approach is better than the previously modified LSB algorithms, and it works against visual and statistical attacks with excellent performance achieved by using the detection error (PE). Furthermore, the results confirmed that the stego-image with high imperceptibility has reached even a payload capacity that is large and replaces twelve bits per pixel (12-bpp). Moreover, testing is confirmed in that the proposed algorithm can embed secret data efficiently with better visual quality.

Efficient Pixel-Value Differencing Based Hybrid Steganographic Method Using Modulus Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Aruna Malik ◽  
Sonal Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Modulus Function ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
High Embedding Capacity ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Pixel Value Differencing

In the era of cloud computing and Big Data, steganographic methods are playing a pivotal role to provide security to sensitive contents. In the steganographic domain, pixel-value differencing (PVD) proposed by Wu and Tsai has been one of the most researched and popular methods as the PVD technique provides good quality stego-image along with high embedding capacity. This article extends the Wu and Tsai's work by proposing a new hybrid steganography scheme which works in two phases to increase the embedding capacity along with stego-image quality. In the first phase, the cover image is preprocessed using a segmentation table to make the image more robust for PVD method. In the second phase, the resultant image is partitioned into 2×1 pixels size blocks in a non-overlapping fashion and then modulus function based scheme is applied in reversible manner. Thus, a significant amount of secret data is embedded into the image. The experimental results prove that the proposed scheme has significantly improved in embedding capacity and quality as compared to the other related PVD-based methods.

scholarly journals Hybrid Image Steganography Method Using LZW and Genetic Algorithm for Hiding Confidential Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkarem Almawgani ◽  
Adam Alhawari ◽  
Wlaed Alarashi ◽  
Ali Alshwal
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Image Steganography ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Lzw Algorithm

Abstract Digital images are commonly used in steganography due to the popularity of digital image transfer and exchange through the Internet. However, the tradeoff between managing high capacity of secret data and ensuring high security and quality of stego image is a major challenge. In this paper, a hybrid steganography method based on Haar Discrete Wavelet Transform (HDWT), Lempel Ziv Welch (LZW) algorithm, Genetic Algorithm (GA), and the Optimal Pixel Adjustment Process (OPAP) is proposed. The cover image is divided into non-overlapping blocks of nxn pixels. Then, the HDWT is used to increase the robustness of the stego image against attacks. In order to increase the capacity for, and security of, the hidden image, the LZW algorithm is applied on the secret message. After that, the GA is employed to give the encoded and compressed secret message cover image coefficients. The GA is used to find the optimal mapping function for each block in the image. Lastly, the OPAP is applied to reduce the error, i.e., the difference between the cover image blocks and the stego image blocks. This step is a further improvement to the stego image quality. The proposed method was evaluated using four standard images as covers and three types of secret messages. The results demonstrate higher visual quality of the stego image with a large size of embedded secret data than what is generated by already-known techniques. The experimental results show that the information-hiding capacity of the proposed method reached to 50% with high PSNR (52.83 dB). Thus, the herein proposed hybrid image steganography method improves the quality of the stego image over those of the state-of-the-art methods.

scholarly journals Taylor expansion based stereo image reversible data hiding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyang Ying ◽  
Guobing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Data Hiding ◽  
Reversible Data Hiding ◽  
Taylor Expansion ◽  
Stereo Image ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Stereo Images ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Multi Level

Abstract The reversible data hiding allows original image to be completely recovered from the stego image when the secret data has been extracted, it is has drawn a lot of attentions from researchers. In this paper, a novel Taylor Expansion (TE) based stereo image reversible data hiding method is presented. Since the prediction accuracy is essential to the data hiding performance, a novel TE based predictor using correlations of two views of the stereo image is proposed. TE can fully exploit strong relationships between matched pixels in the stereo image so that the accuracy of the prediction can be improved. Then, histogram shifting is utilized to embed data to decrease distortion of stereo images, and multi-level hiding can increase embedding capacity. Experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to some existing data hiding methods considering embedding capacity and the quality of the stego stereo images.

Steganographic data hiding in image processing using predictive differencing

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Weng ◽  
H. Tso ◽  
S. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Data Hiding ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
Pixel Value Differencing

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a stenography scheme based on predictive differencing to embed data in a grey-image. In order to promote the embedding capacity of pixel-value differencing (PVD), we use differencing between a predictive value and an input pixel as the predictive differencing to embed the message where a predictive value is calculated by using various predictors. If the predictive differencing is large, then it means that the input pixel is located in the edge area and, thus, has a larger embedding capacity than the pixel in a smooth area. The experimental result shows that our proposed scheme is capable of providing greater embedding capacity and high quality of stego-images then previous works. Furthermore, we have also applied various predictors to evaluate our proposed scheme.

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