scholarly journals Trophy hunters pay more to target larger-bodied carnivores

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 191231
Author(s):  
Ilona Mihalik ◽  
Andrew W. Bateman ◽  
Chris T. Darimont
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Resource Investment ◽  
Hunting Behaviour ◽  
Signal Honesty ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Costly Signals ◽  
Conservation And Management ◽  
Perceived Costs

Hunters often target species that require resource investment disproportionate to associated nutritional rewards. Costly signalling theory provides a potential explanation, proposing that hunters target species that impose high costs (e.g. higher failure and injury risks, lower consumptive returns) because it signals an ability to absorb costly behaviour. If costly signalling is relevant to contemporary ‘big game’ hunters, we would expect hunters to pay higher prices to hunt taxa with higher perceived costs. Accordingly, we hypothesized that hunt prices would be higher for taxa that are larger-bodied, rarer, carnivorous, or described as dangerous or difficult to hunt. In a dataset on 721 guided hunts for 15 North American large mammals, prices listed online increased with body size in carnivores (from approximately $550 to $1800 USD/day across the observed range). This pattern suggests that elements of costly signals may persist among contemporary non-subsistence hunters. Persistence might simply relate to deception, given that signal honesty and fitness benefits are unlikely in such different conditions compared with ancestral environments in which hunting behaviour evolved. If larger-bodied carnivores are generally more desirable to hunters, then conservation and management strategies should consider not only the ecology of the hunted but also the motivations of hunters.

scholarly journals Conservation and Management Strategies Create Opportunities for Integrative Organismal Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance D McBrayer ◽  
Richard W Orton ◽  
Chase T Kinsey ◽  
Lauren K Neel
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Conservation And Management

Synopsis Conservation and management activities are geared toward the achievement of particular goals for a specific species, or groups of species, at the population level or higher. Conversely, organismal or functional research is typically organized by hypothesis tests or descriptive work that examines a broader theory studying individual organismal traits. Here, we outline how integrative organismal biologists might conduct mutually beneficial and meaningful research to inform or assist conservation and management biologists. We argue that studies of non-target species are very useful to both groups because non-target species can meet the goals of managers and organismal biologists alike, while also informing the other. We highlight our work on a threatened lizard species’ thermal physiology, behavior, and color pattern—all of which are impacted by species management plans for sympatric, threatened, bird species. We show that management practices affect activity time, thermal adaptation, and substrate use, while also altering predation rates, crypsis, ectoparasite load, and sexual coloration in the study species. These case studies exemplify the challenges of conservation and management efforts for threatened or endangered species in that non-target species can be both positively and negatively affected by those efforts. Yet, the collaboration of organismal biologists with conservation and management efforts provides a productive system for mutually informative research.

scholarly journals Lista de especies, endemismo y conservación de los mamíferos de Costa Rica

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernal Rodríguez Herrera ◽  
Federico Chinchilla Miranda ◽  
Laura J. May Collado
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Mammalian Fauna ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Conservation And Management

Abstract: The geographical position of Costa Rica has historically played an important role in the composition and diversity of our mammalian fauna, consisting of species originating both in the Neartic and Neotropical regions. Based on published data, new descriptions and reports, we here present an updated list of all terrestrial and aquatic Costa Rican mammals. We summarize available information on their status, and present our concerns regarding those species with populations under alarming conditions. The mammalian fauna of Costa Rica is mainly Neotropical. A total of 238 species, grouped in 140 genera and 44 families, were documented. The order Chiroptera is the most diverse, followed by Rodentia, Cetacea, and Carnivora. About 7% of the species are endemic to Costa Rica (or Costa Rica-Nicaragua, Costa Rica-Panamá). Unfortunately, despite of all the efforts to protect our fauna and flora, threat to Costa Rican mammals is increasing, and a number of species have gone, and are going extinct. As in most other areas, habitat loss, both in terrestrial and coastal ecosystems, poses the greatest threat to mammalian diversity of Costa Rica. Other factors, such as poaching, inappropriate gear used in fisheries, and other human exploitation are also threatening mammal populations in Costa Rica. Future conservation efforts should focus on more detailed conservation and management strategies, particularly of large mammals (e.g. monkeys, felids).Key words: Costa Rica, species richness, mammals, conservation, endemism.

scholarly journals Cases of spontaneous interbreeding of wolf and domestic dog in the region of Southeast Banat

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Milenkovic ◽  
Vesna Habijan-Mikes ◽  
Rada Matic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Local Process ◽  
Conservation And Management

The study presents the first documented data indicating the occurrence of spontaneous interbreeding of wolf and domestic dog in nature on the territory of Serbia, based on three specimens originating from the region of Southeast Banat. Some unique morpho-anatomical malformations of the cranium in two specimens are described. Based on complex morphological and craniometrical analysis of hybrid specimens and comparison with the corresponding material of authentic wolves from this region, it is possible to follow a local process of multiple wolf/dog hybridization and disturbance of the authentic genetic structure of wolf. The identification of wolf/dog hybrids is a subject of primary concern for the development of conservation and management strategies. Because of great vulnerability of the population of South-Carpathian wolves on the boundaries of their range in Serbia, there is a need for permanent and increased protection in order to maintain their adequately strong population in this region. .

Seven new species of Graphidaceae (Lichenized Ascomycetes) from the Coastal Plain of southeastern North America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Lendemer ◽  
Richard C. Harris
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Lichenized Ascomycetes ◽  
North America North ◽  
Effective Conservation ◽  
Conservation And Management

Seven new species of Graphidaceae are described from the Coastal Plain of southeastern North America: Acanthothecis floridana (Florida, USA), A. leucoxanthoides (North Carolina, USA), A. paucispora (North Carolina, USA), Fissurina alligatorensis (Florida and North Carolina, USA), F. americana (Florida and Georgia, USA), F. ilicicola (Florida and Georgia, USA), and Phaeographis oricola (North Carolina, USA). The ecology and distribution of each species is discussed in the broader context of the imminent need for effective conservation and management strategies to maintain the lichen biodiversity in the region. Color illustrations of all species are provided, as are keys to the genera Acanthothecis and Fissurina in North America north of Mexico.

Roadsides are key habitats for birds in the Argentine Pampas: conservation and management implications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Daniela María Depalma ◽  
Mariela Verónica Lacoretz ◽  
Cecilia Zilli ◽  
Emilio Martín Charnelli ◽  
Myriam Emilia Mermoz
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Seed Availability ◽  
Bird Richness ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Declining Species ◽  
Native Birds ◽  
Argentine Pampas ◽  
Conservation And Management

Summary Unexploited public areas such as roadsides could provide habitat to help preserve biodiversity in South America, as in other regions. Our objective was to determine the importance of the roadsides of the Argentine Pampas for native birds and to suggest management strategies. We surveyed birds inhabiting roadsides in all seasons and determined whether roadsides were used as habitat. We recorded a total of 95 species on roadsides, which represents 55% of those species described from the area. Species included specialists of grassland, wetland and woodland, 4 vulnerable species and 19 declining species. Bird richness decreased in winter, as well as grassland specialists’ abundances. Most individuals used roadsides for foraging and performing reproduction-related behaviours, mainly on native trees; these and tall grass were the main substrates. We conclude that many species of birds use the habitat provided by roadsides, and we recommend management strategies such as favouring seed availability in winter, restoring trees and tall grass and increasing vegetation diversity to maximize roadside conservation value.

Black Bass Diversity: Multidisciplinary Science for Conservation

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Dolomieu ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Sampling Gear ◽  
Gray Literature ◽  
Black Bass ◽  
Effective Conservation ◽  
Conservation And Management

<em>Abstract</em>.—We reviewed the published and gray literature associated with Neosho Smallmouth Bass <em>Micropterus dolomieu velox</em> and the genetically distinct Ouachita lineage. Substantial interstream variation appears to occur among these populations, particularly related to age. The Neosho subspecies is more abundant, grows faster, and lives longer than the genetically distinct Ouachita lineage. Recruitment is highly variable among streams for both populations and appears to be related to some undescribed aspects of hydrology but also likely reflect bias due to sampling gear. Information on annual and seasonal trends is lacking for the Neosho subspecies and the Ouachita lineages, particularly as related to the spawning period. Conservation efforts for these lineages might benefit from agencies partnering to achieve goals that extend beyond a particular agency’s responsibilities and state boundaries. Recognition of spatial and temporal considerations, combined with a better understanding of the population dynamics as related to abundance, growth, mortality and reproduction, would benefit the creation of more effective conservation and management strategies for genetically distinct populations of Smallmouth Bass <em>M. dolomieu</em>.

Biocomplexity in a demersal exploited fish, white hake (Urophycis tenuis): depth-related structure and inadequacy of current management approaches

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Roy ◽  
Thomas R. Hurlbut ◽  
Daniel E. Ruzzante
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Management Priorities ◽  
Conservation And Management

Understanding the factors generating patterns of genetic diversity is critical to implementing robust conservation and management strategies for exploited marine species. Yet, often too little is known about population structure to properly tailor management schemes. Here we report evidence of substantial population structure in white hake ( Urophycis tenuis ) in the Northwest Atlantic, perhaps among the highest levels of population structure exhibited by a highly exploited, widely dispersed, long-lived marine fish. We show that depth plays a role in this extensive and temporally stable structure, which does not conform to previously established fisheries management units. Three genetically distinguishable populations were identified, where all straddle several management divisions and two (Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence and Scotian Shelf) overlap in their range, coexisting within a single division. The most highly exploited population in the Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence was also the most isolated and likely the smallest (genetically effective). This work shows that conservation and management priorities must include population structure and stability in establishing effective species recovery strategies.

scholarly journals The acute physiological status of white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) exhibits minimal variation after capture on SMART drumlines

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R D Tate ◽  
B R Cullis ◽  
S D A Smith ◽  
B P Kelaher ◽  
C P Brand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Carcharodon Carcharias ◽  
Fast Responses

White sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) are implicated in many bites on people. Subsequently, they have become a target species for shark bite management strategies. SMART drumlines allow fast responses to, and releases of, captured animals. This research shows that white sharks’ immediate physiological response to capture on SMART drumlines is minimal.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document