scholarly journals Lista de especies, endemismo y conservación de los mamíferos de Costa Rica

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernal Rodríguez Herrera ◽  
Federico Chinchilla Miranda ◽  
Laura J. May Collado
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Mammalian Fauna ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Conservation And Management

Abstract: The geographical position of Costa Rica has historically played an important role in the composition and diversity of our mammalian fauna, consisting of species originating both in the Neartic and Neotropical regions. Based on published data, new descriptions and reports, we here present an updated list of all terrestrial and aquatic Costa Rican mammals. We summarize available information on their status, and present our concerns regarding those species with populations under alarming conditions. The mammalian fauna of Costa Rica is mainly Neotropical. A total of 238 species, grouped in 140 genera and 44 families, were documented. The order Chiroptera is the most diverse, followed by Rodentia, Cetacea, and Carnivora. About 7% of the species are endemic to Costa Rica (or Costa Rica-Nicaragua, Costa Rica-Panamá). Unfortunately, despite of all the efforts to protect our fauna and flora, threat to Costa Rican mammals is increasing, and a number of species have gone, and are going extinct. As in most other areas, habitat loss, both in terrestrial and coastal ecosystems, poses the greatest threat to mammalian diversity of Costa Rica. Other factors, such as poaching, inappropriate gear used in fisheries, and other human exploitation are also threatening mammal populations in Costa Rica. Future conservation efforts should focus on more detailed conservation and management strategies, particularly of large mammals (e.g. monkeys, felids).Key words: Costa Rica, species richness, mammals, conservation, endemism.

Biodiversity, conservation, and hotspot atlas of Costa Rica:  a dung beetle perspective (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1457 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERT KOHLMANN ◽  
ÁNGEL SOLÍS ◽  
ORTWIN ELLE ◽  
XINIA SOTO ◽  
RICARDO RUSSO
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Different Levels

This paper is an analysis of the distribution of areas of high species richness and endemicity based on dung beetles living in the different Holdridge life-zones of Costa Rica by using a geographic information system (GIS). Endemism was examined in relation to whether the species were shared with Nicaragua and/or Panama, or if they were strictly Costa Rican. The species composition of dung beetle distributions in the sampling areas and life-zones was evaluated. Species distribution was also analyzed in relation to altitudinal levels. The species richness and endemicity maps served as a base for doing a gap analysis and defining four different levels of high priority conservation areas. We also investigated what percentage of these priority areas is under some type of protection or conservation scheme and which of these areas should be enlarged. Also considered is the feasibility that these areas under protection have for enlargement, considering possible problems and interactions with present land-use. We include a list of all the recorded dung beetle species for Costa Rica, as well as their presence in the different Holdridge life-zones and their endemicity status. This study clearly demonstrates the need to include insects in biodiversity-endemicity studies because different and more detailed results are obtained in relation to vertebrate and plant-based studies.

scholarly journals Mammals of the Saracá-Taquera National Forest, northwestern Pará, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Analice Calaça ◽  
Michel Barros Faria ◽  
Diego Afonso Silva ◽  
Áquila Oliveira Fialho ◽  
Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Mammalian Fauna ◽  
The World ◽  
Amazonian Rainforest ◽  
Mammal Faunas ◽  
First Time

Abstract: The Amazonian rainforest harbors one of the most diverse mammal faunas found anywhere in the world, although this fauna is still poorly known. Inventories are essential for the understanding of the biology and ecology of species, and provide basic data for conservation. Over 15 years of sampling in the Saracá-Taquera National Forest, we recorded 72 species of small (nonvolant), medium, and large mammals belonging to 30 families in 10 orders. These taxa included 29 species endemic to the Amazon biome, and 14 classified as threatened with extinction. Overall, the mammalian species richness recorded in the present study was equal to or greater than that recorded in other Amazonian studies, reflecting high levels of diversity on a biogeographic scale. This reinforces the importance of this national forest for the maintenance of the region's mammalian fauna. Some of the species were recorded in the region for the first time, thus extending their known geographic distribution.

scholarly journals Population Structure of Pseudocercospora fijiensis in Costa Rica Reveals Shared Haplotype Diversity with Southeast Asian Populations

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (12) ◽  
pp. 1541-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Saville ◽  
Melodi Charles ◽  
Suchitra Chavan ◽  
Miguel Muñoz ◽  
Luis Gómez-Alpizar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Shared Haplotype ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Haplotypic Diversity ◽  
Pseudocercospora Fijiensis

Pseudocercospora fijiensis is the causal pathogen of black Sigatoka, a devastating disease of banana that can cause 20 to 80% yield loss in the absence of fungicides in banana crops. The genetic structure of populations of P. fijiensis in Costa Rica was examined and compared with Honduran and global populations to better understand migration patterns and inform management strategies. In total, 118 isolates of P. fijiensis collected from Costa Rica and Honduras from 2010 to 2014 were analyzed using multilocus genotyping of six loci and compared with a previously published global dataset of populations of P. fijiensis. The Costa Rican and Honduran populations shared haplotype diversity with haplotypes from Southeast Asia, Oceania, and the Americas but not Africa for all but one of the six loci studied. Gene flow and shared haplotype diversity was found in Honduran and Costa Rican populations of the pathogen. The data indicate that the haplotypic diversity observed in Costa Rican populations of P. fijiensis is derived from dispersal from initial outbreak sources in Honduras and admixtures between genetically differentiated sources from Southeast Asia, Oceania, and the Americas.

Moth species richness, abundance and diversity in fragmented urban woodlands: implications for conservation and management strategies

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2875-2901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Lintott ◽  
Nils Bunnefeld ◽  
Elisa Fuentes-Montemayor ◽  
Jeroen Minderman ◽  
Lorna M. Blackmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Moth Species ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Urban Woodlands ◽  
Conservation And Management

scholarly journals The roles of history and habitat area in the distribution and composition of avian species assemblages in the highlands of Costa Rica

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Barrantes ◽  
Mariel Yglesias ◽  
Eric J. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Differential Migration ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Extinction Model ◽  
Highland Vegetation

Abstract:Bird species assemblages in isolated Neotropical highland mountains have been moulded by the drastic climatic changes that occurred in late Pleistocene. Palynological evidence indicates that after the Pleistocene the highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama became isolated as climate turned gradually more tropical and highland vegetation retreated to the upper elevations of high mountains, forming highland islands. We surveyed birds at 10 representative sites throughout the Costa Rican highlands in order to determine the species composition of highland endemic assemblages. The area of available highland habitat explains 77% of the variance in species richness of the 36 highland endemics across highland islands, and the composition of these species assemblages have a nested distribution, rather than being independent sets of species on each island. The observed nested pattern is more consistent with a differential extinction model of species assemblages, and less likely to be explained by differential migration. We conclude that the reduction of highland vegetation and the avifauna associated with it, and its subsequent confinement to the summit of high mountains, is a possible explanation for the current distribution of highland endemic species in Costa Rican highland islands.

scholarly journals Trophy hunters pay more to target larger-bodied carnivores

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 191231
Author(s):  
Ilona Mihalik ◽  
Andrew W. Bateman ◽  
Chris T. Darimont
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Resource Investment ◽  
Hunting Behaviour ◽  
Signal Honesty ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Costly Signals ◽  
Conservation And Management ◽  
Perceived Costs

Hunters often target species that require resource investment disproportionate to associated nutritional rewards. Costly signalling theory provides a potential explanation, proposing that hunters target species that impose high costs (e.g. higher failure and injury risks, lower consumptive returns) because it signals an ability to absorb costly behaviour. If costly signalling is relevant to contemporary ‘big game’ hunters, we would expect hunters to pay higher prices to hunt taxa with higher perceived costs. Accordingly, we hypothesized that hunt prices would be higher for taxa that are larger-bodied, rarer, carnivorous, or described as dangerous or difficult to hunt. In a dataset on 721 guided hunts for 15 North American large mammals, prices listed online increased with body size in carnivores (from approximately $550 to $1800 USD/day across the observed range). This pattern suggests that elements of costly signals may persist among contemporary non-subsistence hunters. Persistence might simply relate to deception, given that signal honesty and fitness benefits are unlikely in such different conditions compared with ancestral environments in which hunting behaviour evolved. If larger-bodied carnivores are generally more desirable to hunters, then conservation and management strategies should consider not only the ecology of the hunted but also the motivations of hunters.

scholarly journals The devil is coming: Feeding behavior of juvenile Munk’s devil rays (Mobula munkiana) in very shallow waters of Punta Descartes, Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (Suppl.2) ◽  
pp. S256-S266
Author(s):  
Nathalie Porsiel ◽  
Sebastián Hernández ◽  
Damien Cordier ◽  
Maike Heidemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Vulnerable Species ◽  
Conservation Measures ◽  
Disk Width ◽  
Elasmobranch Species ◽  
Feeding Aggregation

Introduction: Identifying critical habitats for vulnerable elasmobranch species is crucial for effective conservation measures. The Munk’s devil ray (Mobula munkiana) is endemic to the Eastern Pacific, but yet little is known about its biology, ecology, and habitat use. As filter feeders, it is assumed that this species concentrates at high-productive upwelling regions, such as the Costa Rican Dome. Like many elasmobranchs, its populations are highly depleted and require urgent information to inform better conservation measures. Objective: The study was conducted to gain information on a unique behavior observed in juvenile M. munkiana, so further information can be provided on early life stages of this vulnerable species. Methods: From June to September 2017 and in August 2018, the feeding behavior of juvenile Mobula munkiana was observed in two shallow bays located at Punta Descartes, North Pacific Costa Rica. Individuals were captured using a non-lethal method to obtain data on size, weight, and sex distribution. Plankton samples (n = 100) were taken at both bays throughout the months to infer diet composition. Results: Munk’s devil rays showed a repetitive swimming movement parallel to the beach, feeding exclusively in the shallow breaking zone of the low tide waves at depth <50cm. A total of 12 M. munkiana (11 live and one found dead) indicated a juvenile feeding aggregation ranging from 490 – 610mm in disk width and 1400 – 2300gr in weight. The sex ratio (males to females) was 3:1. Zooplankton of the order Mysidacae was found in the highest abundance in the breaking zone. Conclusions: The specific behavior and seasonal occurrence of juvenile Munk’s devil rays in this area seem to be driven by prey abundance. More research is needed to conclude the presence of reproductive adults at deeper depths and the year-round habitat use of Punta Descartes. The area is threatened by unsustainable development and requires realistic management strategies to guarantee the survival of vulnerable species and their critical habitats.

Reversal of DIRECT-ACTING Oral Anticoagulants in Urgent Surgery of the Proximal Aorta: case Series and Review of the literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (38) ◽  
pp. 4534-4539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Zimmermann ◽  
Fawzi Ameer ◽  
Berhane Worku ◽  
Dimitrios Avgerinos
Keyword(s):  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Aortic Surgery ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Urgent Surgery ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
Direct Acting Oral Anticoagulants

Introduction: Proximal aorta interventions impose significant bleeding risk. Patients on concomitant anticoagulation regimens compound the risk of bleeding in any surgery, but especially cardiothoracic interventions. The employment of direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC), namely those that target clotting factors II or X, has expanded at a precipitous rate over the last decade. The emergence of their reversal agents has followed slowly, leaving clinicians with management dilemmas in urgent surgery. We discuss current reversal strategies based on the available published data and our experience with proximal aortic surgery in patients taking DOACs. Literature Search: We performed a review of literature and present three cases from our experience to offer insight into management strategies that have been historically successful. A review of literature was conducted via PubMed with the following search string: (NOAC or DOAC or TSOAC) and (aorta or aortic or (Stanford and type and a)). Case Presentation: We present three case presentations that illustrate the importance of DOAC identification and offer management strategies in mitigating associated bleeding risks in urgent or emergent surgeries. Conclusion: Treatment teams should be aware of the technical limitations of identifying and reversing DOACs. In view of the tendency toward publishing positive outcomes, more scientific rigor is required in the area of emergency DOAC reversal strategies.

Parity without Equality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Piscopo
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Party System ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Crisis Of Representation ◽  
Female Legislators ◽  
Female President

Jennifer M. Piscopo examines how the crisis of representation in Costa Rica has placed a ceiling on gender equality in representation. The restructuring of the Costa Rican party system and party fragmentation has made electing multiple candidates from any one ballot more difficult. Top spots have become even more prestigious and more likely to be allocated to men, which reduces women’s electoral chances. Corruption scandals, party breakdown, citizen frustration, and economic problems tainted the administration of the nation’s first female president, Laura Chinchilla. Female legislators have often worked to promote women’s issues and feminist policies, but Chinchilla eschewed feminism, even though several of her policies did benefit women. Overall, her failed presidency may create difficulties for other women seeking top political offices and could have negative consequences for views of women in politics. These challenges notwithstanding, Piscopo concludes that Costa Rica remains at the vanguard of women’s political representation in Latin America.

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