scholarly journals Dramatic decline of northern bat Eptesicus nilssonii in Sweden over 30 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 191754
Author(s):  
Jens Rydell ◽  
Marcus Elfström ◽  
Johan Eklöf ◽  
Sonia Sánchez-Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Red List ◽  
Mercury Vapour ◽  
Change Models ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Endangered Status ◽  
Long Term Survey

We monitored northern bat Eptesicus nilssonii (Keyserling & Blasius, 1839) acoustically along a 27 km road transect at weekly intervals in 1988, 1989 and 1990, and again in 2016 and 2017. The methodology of data collection and the transect were the same throughout, except that the insect-attracting mercury-vapour street-lights along parts of the road were replaced by sodium lights between the two survey periods. Counts along sections of the transect with and without street-lights were analysed separately. The frequency of bat encounters in unlit sections showed an average decline of 3.0% per year, corresponding to a reduction of 59% between 1988 and 2017. Sections with street-lights showed an 85% decline over the same period (6.3% per year). The decline represents a real reduction in the abundance of bats rather than an artefact of changed distribution of bats away from roads. Our study conforms with another long-term survey of the same species on the Baltic island of Gotland. Our results agree with predictions based on climate change models. They also indicate that the decline was caused directly by the disuse of the insect-attracting mercury-vapour street-lights, which may have resulted in lower availability of preferred prey (moths). In the 1980s, E. nilssonii was considered the most common bat in Sweden, but the subsequent decline would rather qualify it for vulnerable or endangered status in the national Red List of Threatened Species.

scholarly journals Nemo-Nordic 1.0: A NEMO based ocean model for Baltic & North Seas, research and operational applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robinson Hordoir ◽  
Lars Axell ◽  
Anders Höglund ◽  
Christian Dieterich ◽  
Filippa Fransner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
To Come ◽  
Ocean Forecasting ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Industrialised Countries ◽  
High Degree

Abstract. We present Nemo-Nordic, a Baltic & North Sea model based on the NEMO ocean engine. Surrounded by highly industrialised countries, the Baltic and North seas, and their assets associated with shipping, fishing and tourism; are vulnerable to anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Ocean models providing reliable forecasts, and enabling climatic studies, are important tools for the shipping infrastructure and to get a better understanding of effects of climate change on the marine ecosystems. Nemo-Nordic is intended to come as a tool for both short term and long term simulations, and to be used for ocean forecasting as well as process and climatic studies. Here, the scientific and technical choices within Nemo-Nordic are introduced, and the reasons behind the design of the model and its domain, and the inclusions of the two seas, are explained. The model's ability to represent barotropic and baroclinic dynamics, as well as the vertical structure of the water column, is presented. Biases are shown and discussed. The short term capabilities of the model are presented, and especially its capabilities to represent sea level on an hourly timescale with a high degree of accuracy. We also show that the model can represent longer time scale, with a focus on the Major Baltic Inflows and the variability of deep water salinity in the Baltic Sea.

scholarly journals Variability in climate change simulations affects needed long-term riverine nutrient reductions for the Baltic Sea

AMBIO ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (S3) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvid Bring ◽  
Peter Rogberg ◽  
Georgia Destouni
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Sustaining Natural Change

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-36
Author(s):  
F Stuart Chapin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Disturbance Regime ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Future ◽  
Natural Change

This chapter describes foundations for ecosystem sustainability and ways that society can foster these conditions. The road to “human progress” is littered with environmental mishaps and disasters—largely the result of excessive resource extraction. Over the long term, however, ecosystems can be sustained by maintaining the factors that shape their properties. These include soils that supply plants with nutrients, climate, regional flora and fauna, disturbance regime, and time. This formula provides a framework for understanding why every ecosystem occurs where it does and why and how it might change in the future. When society fails to sustain these foundations, new ecological forces, such as climate change, begin to dominate ecological and societal outcomes. Alternatively, society can shape pathways that maintain these foundations through landscape stewardship. People then interact with nature in ways that protect the foundations of ecosystems and provide society with livelihoods.

scholarly journals Nemo-Nordic 1.0: a NEMO-based ocean model for the Baltic and North seas – research and operational applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robinson Hordoir ◽  
Lars Axell ◽  
Anders Höglund ◽  
Christian Dieterich ◽  
Filippa Fransner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ocean Forecasting ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
High Degree

Abstract. We present Nemo-Nordic, a Baltic and North Sea model based on the NEMO ocean engine. Surrounded by highly industrialized countries, the Baltic and North seas and their assets associated with shipping, fishing and tourism are vulnerable to anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Ocean models providing reliable forecasts and enabling climatic studies are important tools for the shipping infrastructure and to get a better understanding of the effects of climate change on the marine ecosystems. Nemo-Nordic is intended to be a tool for both short-term and long-term simulations and to be used for ocean forecasting as well as process and climatic studies. Here, the scientific and technical choices within Nemo-Nordic are introduced, and the reasons behind the design of the model and its domain and the inclusion of the two seas are explained. The model's ability to represent barotropic and baroclinic dynamics, as well as the vertical structure of the water column, is presented. Biases are shown and discussed. The short-term capabilities of the model are presented, especially its capabilities to represent sea level on an hourly timescale with a high degree of accuracy. We also show that the model can represent longer timescales, with a focus on the major Baltic inflows and the variability in deep-water salinity in the Baltic Sea.

Contrasting responses to long-term climate change of carbon flows to benthic consumers in two different sized lakes in the Baltic area.

2018 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Belle ◽  
Rene Freiberg ◽  
Anneli Poska ◽  
Helen Agasild ◽  
Tiiu Alliksaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Baltic Area ◽  
Benthic Consumers

scholarly journals The Second Split in Economic Science (About 2018 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Y. P. Voronov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Macroeconomic Analysis ◽  
Long Run

In this article, I described the results of investigations achieved by two American economists William Nordhaus and Paul Romer. They have been awarded the 2018 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences mainly for the introduction of feedbacks in economic and mathematical modelling. Nordhaus “for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis” where quantitative model describes the global interplay between the economy and the climate and integrates theories and empirical results from physics, chemistry and economics. Romer “for integrating technological innovations into the long-run macroeconomic analysis” where he shows how knowledge can function as a driver of long-term economic growth.  I considered three blocks in the models of W. Nordhaus and P. Romer and the functions of each of them. Also, I discussed the assumptions that underlie their models. The author notes that climate change models are also being built in Russia, but there are no economic blocks in them, models of long-term economic growth with endogenous scientific and technological progress are formed in Russia also, but representatives of natural Sciences do not participate in them. Experience of the laureates shows that providing models of long-run economic development of the country and the world are necessary. The article also highlights P. Romer work on international Charter cities, the sources of world scientific and technological progress.

scholarly journals Status of the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) in Southern Scandinavia

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Tange Olsen ◽  
Signe May Andersen ◽  
Jonas Teilmann ◽  
Rune Dietz ◽  
Susi Manuela Clermont Edrén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harbour Seal ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Harbour Seals ◽  
Seal Population ◽  
Southern Scandinavia ◽  
Original Size ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Long Term Survey

The harbour seal population in Southern Scandinavia has experienced repeated declines caused by hunting and epizootics. These events have shaped the current distribution and abundance of the population. This paper assesses the current status of the population. We estimate trends in abundance of harbour seals from long term survey data, compare these with historic trends inferred from previously published material, and discuss past and potential threats to the harbour seal population of Southern Scandinavia. It is evident that harbour seals have disappeared from haulout areas along the Danish shores of Kattegat and in the westernmost part of the Baltic Sea, where they were previously numerous. In the 1920-30s, when abundance was at its lowest, the population is estimated to have been only a fraction of its original size. Following 30 years of protection the population is currently approaching historic abundance and might have reached the carrying capacity in some areas. Further development depends largely on effects of future epizootics, anthropogenic disturbance, and availability of suitable haulout sites.

Invasive and indigenous armoured scales (Sternorrhyncha: diaspididae) in urban lanscapes of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Stefanovska ◽  
◽  
P Chumak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Aspidiotus Nerii ◽  
First Time ◽  
Long Term Survey

The results of long-term survey of аrumored scales (Sternorrhyncha: Diaspididae) that was provided in urban landscapes in Forest- Steppe and Steppeе zones of Ukraine are presented. The species composition of alien armored scales consists of 24 species from 19 genera. 10 species were found in open field whereas 14 species were registered in green house. The most distributed were A. nerii, D. boisduvalii та D. bromeliae. The vast majority of species found in survey belong to polyphagous and represent alien species. Due to climate change, in summer there has been a shift of sub tropically originated armor scales( Aspidiotus nerii, Diaspis boisduvalii and D. bromeliae) from greenhouses to open field host plants. The coconut scale Pinnaspis buxi Bouch was recorder for the first time in this study. The features of the invasive armored scales adaptation in light of the of their development is discussed. Analysis of some important aspects of the development of morphological features of armored scales and other soft scales species of under the influence of abiotic factors indicated that the evolution of this group of insects occurred not only by adaptation but also by avoiding environmental influences. The evolution of environmental avoidance has taken place in all families of Coccoidea. The formation of the shield is seen not only as a way to avoid the influence of the environment, but as the transition of these insects to another level of evolution − the transformation of the environment to their needs.

scholarly journals EQUILIBRIUM MODELING OF CURRENT AND FUTURE BEACH EVOLUTION: VOUGOT BEACH, FRANCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Teddy Chataigner ◽  
Marissa Yates ◽  
Nicolas Le Dantec ◽  
Serge Suanez ◽  
France Floch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Shoreline Evolution ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The impacts of climate change, including sea level and wave climate changes, may increase future erosion risks. Thus, it is important to improve knowledge of the dominant physical processes controlling medium- to long-term shoreline evolution, as well as the performance of beach evolution models reproducing past observations and predicting future changes. Empirical equilibrium beach change models may be an optimal choice at these spatial and temporal scales. Here, morphological changes at Vougot Beach (Brittany, France) are analyzed by evaluating the cross-shore evolution of contour elevations (-1 to 6m) along six intertidal beach profiles using observations and an equilibrium beach change model, and then three methods for estimating the impacts of climate change are applied and compared.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/p70KuzjR1kU

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document