scholarly journals The scattering of fast β-particles by electrons

1932 ◽  
Vol 137 (833) ◽  
pp. 688-695 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Expansion Method ◽  
Lorentz Frame ◽  
Velocity Of Light ◽  
The Many

In a recent paper, it has been shown, using the expansion method, that the simple relativistic expressions govern the transfer of momentum and energy during the close collisions of fast β-particles with electrons. The present paper gives an account of an investigation of the scattering of fast β-particles by electrons, using the expansion method. Among the many formulæ which have been proposed to express the interaction of two electrons, the relativistically invariant expression due to Möller appears to be the most satisfactory theoretically. Möller has referred the scattering for all velocities to a Lorentz frame of co-ordinates in which the momenta of the two electrons are equal and opposite. The observed angle of scattering θ is connected with θ*, the angle of scattering in the Lorentz frame, by the relation x =cos θ*=2-(γ+3) sin 2 θ/2+(γ-1) sin 2 θ (1) where γ=1/(l-β 2 ) ½ and β= v/c , v being the relative velocity of the two particles before collision and c the velocity of light.

STUDIES IN CHROMATOGRAPHIC TRANSPORT: III. CHROMATHERMOGRAPHY

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Tudge
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Characteristic Temperature ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Displacement Chromatography ◽  
Langmuir Isotherms ◽  
Carrier Solvent ◽  
The Many

A compilation is given of the many Soviet publications on chromathermography (regular displacement chromatography plus a moving thermal gradient). However, the Soviet workers have failed to describe adequately the transport of adsorbates having Langmuir isotherms. The author corrects this situation with a simple but accurate theoretical treatment. It was found (in contrast to isothermal chromatography) that the relative velocity of transport in the trailing edge of a band obeyed the equation[Formula: see text]The characteristic temperature and/or spread of an adsorbate band depend on (1) the temperature distribution within the gradient; (2) the relative velocity of the gradient; (3) the adsorption isotherm as a function of temperature; (4) the amount of adsorbate; (5) the nature of the carrier solvent; (6) the presence, the amounts, and the isotherms of other adsorbates.Whereas most forms of chromatography dissipate the adsorbate and reduce its concentration, chromathermography provides a mechanism for concentrating the adsorbate to a level that can be above the concentration at which it is injected into the column.

Measurement of the relative velocity between an electromagnetic wave and its source/observer using the Doppler effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-443
Author(s):  
Shukri Klinaku ◽  
Naim Syla ◽  
Bashkim Ziberi ◽  
Zeqë Tolaj ◽  
Leutrim Klinaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Doppler Effect ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Velocity Of Light ◽  
The Doppler Effect

The velocity of light is independent of the velocity of its source/observer. But the relative velocity between light and its source/observers is dependent on the velocity of the light source/observer, and this does not conflict with the first assumption. The velocity of light is <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:math> everywhere and for everyone, but velocities <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , where <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> </mml:math> is the velocity of a light source/observer, do not represent the velocity of light, but the relative velocity between light and its source/observer. The velocity of light can, thus, be added to and subtracted from any velocity—giving a measurable relative velocity. A simple and common proof for this is the Doppler effect or the working of the Doppler radar. If there were no relative velocity between the electromagnetic wave and its source/observer, then there would be no Doppler effect nor would the Doppler radar work. In this paper, we will measure experimentally the relative velocity between the electromagnetic wave and the source/observer, using the Doppler effect.

A Series of Marine Data Systems

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
I. S. S. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Data Handling ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Human Reaction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marine Data ◽  
The Many

This paper describes a series of data handling systems, termed MARIDAS, which would cater for various maritime problems and situations. Eleven specifications have been prepared, of which three, those for hydrographic work, harbour and pilotage, and merchant ships, are reproduced as Annexes here. A version of the paper has appeared in naval publications with restricted circulation.In the past decade various navies have introduced electronic data processing to ease the strain on ship captains and their officers in order to increase their efficiency. The need is urgent as the quantity of information now available from the many sensors has grown so remarkably, and the speeds of aircraft and targets have increased to such an extent, that human reaction and ability is fully extended. However, the thought processes in all the operations which have to be performed have remained the same. These processes are largely related to the solution of trigonometrical or triangulation problems: Spherical, for astronomical or satellite navigation; Plane, using distances and angles for geographical or relative position problems and speeds and angles for relative velocity problems, avoidance of collision and intercept.

scholarly journals Relative Velocity of Light and Radio Waves in Space

Nature ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 202 (4930) ◽  
pp. 377-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERNARD LOVELL ◽  
FRED L. WHIPPLE ◽  
LEONARD H. SOLOMON
Keyword(s):  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Velocity Of Light

Theory of the Gain Characteristics of InGaN/AlGaN QD Lasers

1998 ◽  
Vol 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Andreev ◽  
E.P. O'Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Interband Transition ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Strain Tensor ◽  
Expansion Method ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Plane Wave Expansion Method ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
The Many

AbstractWe present a theoretical analysis of the gain characteristics of InGaN/AlGaN quantum dot (QD) lasers. We calculate the elastic strain distribution caused by the lattice mismatch between the QD and the barrier using an original method which takes into account the hexagonal symmetry of the structure's elastic properties. The method is based on an analytical derivation of the Fourier transform of the strain tensor. The proposed approach is combined with a plane-wave expansion method to calculate the carrier spectrum and wave functions. The many-body gain of a laser containing a periodic array of QDs is calculated using the Padé approximation. We show that band gap reduction and the Coulomb enhancement of the interband transition probability can significantly modify the gain spectrum in InGaN/AlGaN QD lasers.

scholarly journals Remarks on Simple Relativity and the Relative Velocity of Light

Nature ◽  
1921 ◽  
Vol 107 (2701) ◽  
pp. 716-719
Author(s):  
OLIVER LODGE
Keyword(s):  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Velocity Of Light

scholarly journals On the Relativity of the Speed of Light

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
XD Dongfang
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Inertial Reference Frame ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Velocity Of Light ◽  
Relative Variable ◽  
Variable Light

Einstein's assumption that the speed of light is constant is a fundamental principle of modern physics with great influence. However, the nature of the principle of constant speed of light is rarely described in detail in the relevant literatures, which leads to a deep misunderstanding among some readers of special relativity. Here we introduce the unitary principle, which has a wide application prospect in the logic self consistency test of mathematics, natural science and social science. Based on this, we propose the complete space-time transformation including the Lorentz transformation, clarify the definition of relative velocity of light and the conclusion that the relative velocity of light is variable, and further prove that the relative variable light speed is compatible with Einstein's constant speed of light. The specific conclusion is that the propagation speed of light in vacuum relative to the observer's inertial reference frame is always constant $c$, but the propagation speed of light relative to any other inertial reference frame which has relative motion with the observer is not equal to the constant $c$; observing in all inertial frame of reference, the relative velocity of light propagating in the same direction in vacuum is $0$, while that of light propagating in the opposite direction is $2c$. The essence of Einstein's constant speed of light is that the speed of light in an isolated reference frame is constant, but the relative speed of light in vacuum is variable. The assumption of constant speed of light in an isolated frame of reference and the inference of relative variable light speed can be derived from each other.

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