The strength of fused quartz in water vapour

1965 ◽  
Vol 286 (1406) ◽  
pp. 390-401 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Surface Reactions ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Load Application ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Fused Quartz ◽  
Adsorption Of Water ◽  
Irreversible Nature

The effect of water vapour on the strength of fused quartz has been investigated by measuring the bending strength S , at 20 and 40 °C, of microscope cover slides in varying humidities ( p / p 0 ) relative to the bending strength in vacuo S 0 , and correlating this with the adsorption of water vapour on crushed slides at the same p / p 0 and temperatures. S / S 0 was found to vary with p / p 0 in the anomalous way previously observed for soda-lime glass. While an overall reduction in strength of about one-third occurred, a restoration in strength at intermediate pressures was observed at 20 °C. This restoration was not observed at 40 °C. These phenomena, combined with the reversible and irreversible nature of the adsorption of water vapour on the surface of the powder at the same p / p 0 , provided a means of interpreting the surface reactions between water and fused quartz. A model of these reactions is proposed which led to a prediction that a delay in failure with a further reduction in strength should be observed if the time of load application is increased from a few minutes to a number of hours. Subsequent experiments confirmed this prediction.

Application of ultrasonic assisted soldering method to hard-to-solder material

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (19) ◽  
pp. 1840054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Yonekura ◽  
Tomoyuki Ueki ◽  
Yuki Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compound ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Xps Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soldering Process ◽  
Fused Quartz ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted

In this study, Pb-free solders were bonded to soda-lime glass and fused quartz plates using the ultrasonic assisted soldering (UAS) method. The solder–glass interfaces were observed and analyzed to clarify the effect of the elements in the solder and glass bonding behavior. As a result, the Sn–Zn solder was bonded to glass without the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer. However, the Sn–Ag–Cu solder was not able to bond to glass even though ultrasonication was performed during the soldering process. Chemical shifts for Zn 2p and O 1s spectra were observed at the interface by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, which is attributed to the chemical bonding between the substrates and elements in solder alloy. In conclusion, O in the substrate and Zn in the solder were important to form the bond between the glass and solder.

Evaluation of Biaxial Bending Strength in Damaged Soda-Lime Glass

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (08n09) ◽  
pp. 1329-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Yeob Oh ◽  
Hyung Seop Shin ◽  
Chang Min Suh
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Uniaxial Stress ◽  
Biaxial Stress ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Soda Lime Glass

In applications of brittle materials such as soda-lime glass and ceramics, they are usually subjected to a multi-axial stress state. Brittle materials with cracks or damage caused by foreign impacts are apt to fracture abruptly from cracks because of their low fracture toughness. Depending upon the crack pattern developed, the strength using a multi-axial stress state might be different from the one using a uniaxial stress. As a result, when a small size crack was introduced by Vicker's indentation, the residual strength using a biaxial stress state obtained by the ball-on-ring test was greater than that using a uniaxial stress by the 4-point bending test. In the case of the specimens cracked by a spherical impact, there was overall decrease in the bending strength with increasing an impact velocity.

Photooxidative self-cleaning transparent titanium dioxide films on glass

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2842-2848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Paz ◽  
Z. Luo ◽  
L. Rabenberg ◽  
A. Heller
Keyword(s):  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Films ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Fused Quartz ◽  
Solution Cast ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Photocatalytic Films

In the context of studying the feasibility of photocatalytically self-cleaning windows and windshields, clear, abrasion resistant, photocatalytic films of TiO2 were formed on soda lime glass and on fused quartz by a sol-gel process. The rate of photooxidation of contaminant deposits was estimated by measuring the rate of decrease in the integrated IR absorbance associated with the C-H stretching vibrations of a thin solution-cast film of stearic acid under 365 nm (2.4 mW/cm2) or 254 nm (0.8 mW/cm2) irradiation. Approximately 3 × 10−4 stearic acid molecules were stripped per 365 nm photon in either front- or back-illuminated soda lime glass, and 6 × 10−4 molecules when the films were coated on fused quartz. For thin TiO2 films on fused quartz, the rate of photooxidation, normalized by the number of photons absorbed per unit area, was independent of the wavelength. In contrast, for films on soda lime glass, the rate of photooxidation, when similarly normalized, was higher for the less penetrating wavelength. The reduced photoactivity on glass at the deeply penetrating wavelength (365 nm), as well as the greater photoefficiency on quartz than on glass, are attributed to diffusion of sodium oxide from the glass into the inner glass-contacting zone of the TiO2 layer.

Highly efficient biocide silver-doped soda lime glass for application in water quality optical sensors

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 857-862
Author(s):  
Branimir Bajac ◽  
Jovana Stanojev ◽  
Slobodan Birgermajer ◽  
Milena Radojevic ◽  
Jovan Matovic
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Highly Efficient

scholarly journals Microfabrication and Surface Functionalization of Soda Lime Glass through Direct Laser Interference Patterning

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Marcos Soldera ◽  
Sabri Alamri ◽  
Paul Alexander Sürmann ◽  
Tim Kunze ◽  
Andrés Fabián Lasagni
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Textured Surfaces ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Direct Laser

All-purpose glasses are common in many established and emerging industries, such as microelectronics, photovoltaics, optical components, and biomedical devices due to their outstanding combination of mechanical, optical, thermal, and chemical properties. Surface functionalization through nano/micropatterning can further enhance glasses’ surface properties, expanding their applicability into new fields. Although laser structuring methods have been successfully employed on many absorbing materials, the processability of transparent materials with visible laser radiation has not been intensively studied, especially for producing structures smaller than 10 µm. Here, interference-based optical setups are used to directly pattern soda lime substrates through non-lineal absorption with ps-pulsed laser radiation in the visible spectrum. Line- and dot-like patterns are fabricated with spatial periods between 2.3 and 9.0 µm and aspect ratios up to 0.29. Furthermore, laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) with a feature size of approximately 300 nm are visible within these microstructures. The textured surfaces show significantly modified properties. Namely, the treated surfaces have an increased hydrophilic behavior, even reaching a super-hydrophilic state for some cases. In addition, the micropatterns act as relief diffraction gratings, which split incident light into diffraction modes. The process parameters were optimized to produce high-quality textures with super-hydrophilic properties and diffraction efficiencies above 30%.

scholarly journals Thermophysical Properties of Cement Mortar Containing Waste Glass Powder

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Oumaima Nasry ◽  
Abderrahim Samaouali ◽  
Sara Belarouf ◽  
Abdelkrim Moufakkir ◽  
Hanane Sghiouri El Idrissi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Volumetric Specific Heat ◽  
Waste Glass Powder

This study aims to provide a thermophysical characterization of a new economical and green mortar. This material is characterized by partially replacing the cement with recycled soda lime glass. The cement was partially substituted (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60% in weight) by glass powder with a water/cement ratio of 0.4. The glass powder and four of the seven samples were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The thermophysical properties, such as thermal conductivity and volumetric specific heat, were experimentally measured in both dry and wet (water saturated) states. These properties were determined as a function of the glass powder percentage by using a CT-Meter at different temperatures (20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C) in a temperature-controlled box. The results show that the thermophysical parameters decreased linearly when 60% glass powder was added to cement mortar: 37% for thermal conductivity, 18% for volumetric specific heat and 22% for thermal diffusivity. The density of the mortar also decreased by about 11% in dry state and 5% in wet state. The use of waste glass powder as a cement replacement affects the thermophysical properties of cement mortar due to its porosity as compared with the control mortar. The results indicate that thermal conductivity and volumetric specific heat increases with temperature increase and/or the substitution rate decrease. Therefore, the addition of waste glass powder can significantly affect the thermophysical properties of ordinary cement mortar.

X‐ray shielding parameters of lanthanum oxide added waste soda‐lime glass

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iskender Akkurt ◽  
Kadir Gunoglu ◽  
Recep Kurtuluş ◽  
Taner Kavas
Keyword(s):  
Lanthanum Oxide ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals On-Site Raman Spectroscopic Study of Beads from the Necropolis of Vohemar, Northern Madagascar (>13th C.)

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 524-540
Author(s):  
Philippe Colomban ◽  
Gulsu Simsek Franci ◽  
Farahnaz Koleini
Keyword(s):  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Maritime Networks ◽  
Coloring Agents ◽  
The Village

In the late 19th century, ancient tombs were discovered near the village of Vohemar at the northeastern point of Madagascar, and subsequent excavations during the French period (1896–1945) revealed the presence of a major necropolis active from ~13th to 18th centuries. Some artefacts (Chinese ceramic shards and glass trade beads) recovered from these excavations was sent to France and now in part belong to the collection of the Musée d’Histoire Naturelle, Nimes. Carnelian and glass trade beads were analyzed with a mobile Raman spectrometer, which identified different materials (soda-lime glass, quartz/moganite, carnelian/citrine, chalcedony) and coloring agents (Naples yellow, cassiterite, amber chromophore, transition metal ions, etc.). The results are compared with those obtained on beads excavated at different sites of Southern Africa and at Mayotte Island, and it appears that (most of) the beads come from southern Asia and Europe. The results confirmed the role that northern Madagascar played within the maritime networks of the Western Indian Ocean during the 15th–16th century.

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