Determination of optical constants and vibrational band intensities of liquids in the infrared using attenuated total reflexion

1967 ◽  
Vol 298 (1453) ◽  
pp. 160-177 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Optical Constants ◽  
Carbon Disulphide ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Total Reflexion ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

The refractive index, and vibrational absorption band intensities, of some liquids have been determined by a new method involving attenuated total reflexion at a solid liquid interface. The principles of the method have been explained and the factors which determine a choice of optimal working conditions have been discussed. The method has been applied to absorp­tion bands of benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, bromoform, sym -tetrabromo-ethane, and carbon disulphide. Data have been obtained on the variation of refractive index across the absorption bands, and the computed band intensities have been compared with those obtained previously by other methods.

scholarly journals Solid–Liquid Interface Temperature Measurement of Evaporating Droplet Using Thermoresponsive Polymer Aqueous Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3379
Author(s):  
Hyung Ju Lee ◽  
Chan Ho Jeong ◽  
Dae Yun Kim ◽  
Chang Kyoung Choi ◽  
Seong Hyuk Lee
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Heated Surface ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Interface Temperature ◽  
Thermoresponsive Polymer ◽  
Temperature Deviation ◽  
Line Region ◽  
Optical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

The present study aims to measure the solid–liquid interface temperature of an evaporating droplet on a heated surface using a thermoresponsive polymer. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) was used owing to its sensitive optical and mechanical properties to the temperature. We also measured the refractive index variation of the pNIPAM solution by using the surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi). In particular, the present study proposed a new method to measure the solid–liquid interface temperature using the correlation among reflectance, refractive index, and temperature. It was found that the reflectance of a pNIPAM solution decreased after the droplet deposition. The solid–liquid interface temperature, estimated from the reflectance, showed a lower value at the center of the droplet, and it gradually increased along the radial direction. The lowest temperature at the contact line region is present because of the maximum evaporative cooling. Moreover, the solid–liquid interface temperature deviation increased with the surface temperature, which means solid–liquid interface temperature should be considered at high temperature to predict the evaporation flux of the droplet accurately.

Freezing in Silicon at Large Undercooling

1989 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Stolk ◽  
A. Polman ◽  
W.C. Sinke
Keyword(s):  
Interface Temperature ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Large Undercooling ◽  
Explosive Crystallization ◽  
Crystallization Speed ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Rate Limiting

ABSTRACTPulsed laser irradiation is used to induce epitaxial explosive crystallization of amorphous silicon layers buried in a (100) oriented crystalline matrix. This process is mediated by a self-propagating liquid layer. Time-resolved determination of the crystallization speed combined with numerical calculation of the interface temperature shows that freezing in silicon saturates at 16 m/s for large undercooling (> 130 K). A comparison between data and different models for melting and freezing indicates that the crystallization behavior at large undercooling can be described correctly if the rate-limiting factor is assumed to be diffusion in liquid Si at the solid/liquid interface.

Metachromasy in clay dye systems: the adsorption of acridine orange by Na-beidellite

Clay Minerals ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Garfinkel-Shweky ◽  
S. Yariv
Keyword(s):  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Interlayer Space ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Colloidal Properties ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Absorbance Curve

AbstractThe adsorption of the metachromic dye acridine orange (AO) by Na-beidellite was investigated by visible spectroscopy. Different types of clay-AO association were identified from the appearance and location of absorption bands α or β. The colloidal properties were determined from curves of the absorbance vs. the degree of saturation. Three regions were identified in the absorbance curve. In the first region beidellite is peptized with small amounts of AO and the dye penetrates into the interlayer space where it undergoes metachromasy due to π interactions between the aromatic entity and the oxygen plane of the clay. With larger amounts of AO (second region), the clay flocculates due to the aggregation of the dye cations in the interparticle space of the flocs. In excess AO (third region), beidellite is gradually peptized, forming small tactoids with monomeric AO in the interlayer space and at the same time adsorbing dimeric and polymeric AO cationic species at the solid-liquid interface. Compared with the other smectites, AO shows the greatest tendency to undergo metachromasy in the presence of beidellite.

Optische Eigenschaften von natürlichen und künstlichen Bleichromateinkristallen

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2014-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Rudolf Kessler ◽  
Parvin Daneschfar
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Absorption Band ◽  
Optical Constants ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Free Charge ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Unpolarised Light ◽  
No Absorption

Out of solution artificial PbCrO4-single-crystals, monoclin modification, equal to natural Crocoit have been produced. The optical constants for natural and these artificial crystals have been found to be equal by measurements of reflectivity and transmission with unpolarised light in the range 0.3 — 15 µm perpendicular to the (110) -plain. Between 1 and 8 µm the refractive index is constant (n = 2,1). In this region some absorption bands occur (2.8 µm corresponding to the donator activation energy of 0.44 eV and 6 μm). At 0.45 µm there is another absorption band but no absorption edge, which was expected with respect to the photoconductivity. Above 8 µm the optical constants are determined by the reststrahlen band at 11.3 μm. The absorption of free charge carriers is discussed because leadchromate in the literature is known to be a purely electronical conductor. An influence of the free charge carriers in the tested spectral range could not be recognized. From this fact it is possible to give some estimations about the conductivity mechanism respectively the mobility of the free electrons.

Determination of the Solid-Liquid Interface Energy in the Al-Cu-Ag System

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1956-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bulla ◽  
C. Carreno-Bodensiek ◽  
B. Pustal ◽  
R. Berger ◽  
A. Bührig-Polaczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interface Energy ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

scholarly journals Measurement of Wavelength and Temperature-Dependent Optical Properties of Thermochromic Pigments

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianying Hu ◽  
Xiong (Bill) Yu
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Optical Constants ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Thermochromic Material ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Cubic Polynomial ◽  
Thermochromic Pigment

Thermochromic material is a substance that is capable of changing reversibly the color as the temperature rises. Therefore, the optical spectrum of thermochromic material is responsive to the environmental temperature. In this study, the temperature-dependent optical constants of thermochromic pigments over the wavelength of 350–1800 nm were investigated. Three kinds of thermochromic pigments featured with black, blue, and red colors at room temperature were suspended in water and the light reflection and transmission of the suspensions at different temperatures were measured by a multifunctional spectrophotometer. It was found that below the transition temperature of thermochromic material, the refractive index was 2.1–2.5, 2.2–2.6, and 2.0–2.4 over the wavelength range of 350–1800 nm for black, blue, and red thermochromic pigment, respectively, while above the transition temperature it reached 2.3–2.7, 2.4–2.9, and 2.4–2.7, respectively. It was also observed that the relationship between refractive index of thermochromic pigment and wavelength follows the cubic polynomial function. Furthermore, the extinction coefficient is in the range of 1 × 10−5–1.2 × 10−4 for all thermochromic pigments and remains approximately stable at different temperatures. The determination of optical constants of thermochromic pigments provides essential parameters in the modeling of light scattering and absorption by pigment particles to further fine-tune the optical properties of thermochromic coating.

Concurrent Determination of Optical Constants and the Kramers-Kronig Integration Constant (Anchor Point) Using Variable-Angle ATR/FT-IR Spectroscopy

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1848-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lane D. Tickanen ◽  
M. Isabel Tejedor-Tejedor ◽  
Marc A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Constants ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Anchor Point ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Variable Angle ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR/FT-IR) spectroscopy has been used to determine optical constants in the infrared region of the spectrum for a variety of materials. Usually, the Kramers-Kronig transform is used to obtain optical constants from spectra, given that the baseline refractive index (anchor point) is known or can be determined. This determination often involves performing a separate experiment in which the refractive index of the sample is measured in a nonabsorbing region of the visible part of the spectrum, and the result extrapolated to the infrared. However, this is not feasible for opaque samples or for ones that contain domains large enough to scatter visible light. In this paper, we present a method for concurrently determining the anchor point and the optical constants using only variable-angle ATR/FT-IR spectroscopy and the subtractive form of the Kramers–Kronig transform. The method for determining the anchor point involves ratioing pATR (the negative log of the intensity of the ATR spectrum) values from weak absorption bands from spectra recorded at different angles of incidence. The anchor point can then be determined by computer. The only requirements are that the ATR system use unpolarized radiation and that the sample be thicker than the sampling depth of the IR radiation.

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