The secretion of inorganic phosphate by the kidney.—II. Influence of the pituitary gland and of the wall of the third ventricle

In previous experiments on the diuretic properties of calcium and potassium ions (1), we tried the effect of removing various organs from the whole animal, in order to investigate whether they exert some influence on the secretory functions of the kidney. We were struck by the fact that after removal of the pituitary body, the kidney may lose in the following few hours its power of secreting inorganic phosphorus. Since in those experiments inorganic salts, which may have an influence on P secretion, were injected, we started a separate study of the action of the pituitary on phosphate excretion.

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Extended Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of a Suprasellar and Third Ventricular Retrochiasmatic Craniopharyngioma with a Narrow Pituitary Gland–Optic Chiasm Interval: Techniques to Optimize Resection

Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B Skull Base ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1625946 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 79 (S 03) ◽

pp. S252-S253

Author(s):

Tyler Kenning ◽

Carlos Pinheiro-Neto

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Third Ventricle ◽

Mass Effect ◽

Optic Chiasm ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal Approach ◽

Endonasal Approach ◽

Posterior Aspect ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal ◽

The Third ◽

Extended Endoscopic Approach

AbstractThe extended endoscopic endonasal approach can be utilized to surgically treat pathology within the suprasellar space. This relies on a sufficient corridor and interval between the superior aspect of the pituitary gland and the optic chiasm. Tumors located in the retrochiasmatic space and within the third ventricle, however, may not have a widened interval through which to work. With mass effect on the superior and posterior aspect of the optic chiasm, the corridor between the chiasm and the pituitary gland might even be further narrowed. This may negate the possibility of utilizing the endoscopic endonasal approach for the management of pathology in this location. We present a case of a retrochiasmatic craniopharyngioma with a narrow resection corridor that was treated with the extended endoscopic approach and we review techniques to potentially overcome this limitation.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/ogRZj-aBqeQ.

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Sustained Alterations of Hypothalamic Tanycytes During Posttraumatic Hypopituitarism in Male Mice

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2013-1336 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 155 (5) ◽

pp. 1887-1898 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Guillaume Osterstock ◽

Taoufik El Yandouzi ◽

Nicola Romanò ◽

Danielle Carmignac ◽

Fanny Langlet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Median Eminence ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Arcuate Nucleus ◽

Third Ventricle ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

The Third ◽

Pituitary Glands ◽

Fluorescent Dextran

Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of hypopituitarism, which compromises patients' recovery, quality of life, and life span. To date, there are no means other than standardized animal studies to provide insights into the mechanisms of posttraumatic hypopituitarism. We have found that GH levels were impaired after inducing a controlled cortical impact (CCI) in mice. Furthermore, GHRH stimulation enhanced GH to lower level in injured than in control or sham mice. Because many characteristics were unchanged in the pituitary glands of CCI mice, we looked for changes at the hypothalamic level. Hypertrophied astrocytes were seen both within the arcuate nucleus and the median eminence, two pivotal structures of the GH axis, spatially remote to the injury site. In the arcuate nucleus, GHRH neurons were unaltered. In the median eminence, injured mice exhibited unexpected alterations. First, the distributions of claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 between tanycytes were disorganized, suggesting tight junction disruptions. Second, endogenous IgG was increased in the vicinity of the third ventricle, suggesting abnormal barrier properties after CCI. Third, intracerebroventricular injection of a fluorescent-dextran derivative highly stained the hypothalamic parenchyma only after CCI, demonstrating an increased permeability of the third ventricle edges. This alteration of the third ventricle might jeopardize the communication between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. In conclusion, the phenotype of CCI mice had similarities to the posttraumatic hypopituitarism seen in humans with intact pituitary gland and pituitary stalk. It is the first report of a pathological status in which tanycyte dysfunctions appear as a major acquired syndrome.

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The influence of the pituitary gland on the functions and development of the organism

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kazmj77993 ◽

1927 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 239-243

Author(s):

A. A. Sukhov

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Dura Mater ◽

Animal Species ◽

Third Ventricle ◽

Sella Turcica ◽

Posterior Lobe ◽

Posterior Pituitary ◽

The Third ◽

The Brain ◽

Posterior Pituitary Lobe

The pituitary gland or gl. pituitaria is an organ lying at the base of the brain in a cavity formed by the sella turcica at the front, back, and bottom, and by the sinus venosus cavernosus dex. et sin. This entire cavity is lined by the dura mater, which covers it from above in the form of diaphragma sellae turcicae. Through its opening passes the infundibulum, which connects the pituitary gland in its posterior lobe with the brain. The cavity infundibuli, which is a recess of the bottom of the third ventricle, in some animal species (e.g., in dogs) passes as recessus infundibuli into the cavity of the posterior pituitary lobe (in humans this lobe has no cavity).

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Infrasellar Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for a Pituitary Adenoma Extending into the Third Ventricle, with Anterior Displacement of the Pituitary Gland

Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B Skull Base ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1620261 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 79 (S 02) ◽

pp. S233-S234

Author(s):

Georgios Zenonos ◽

Eric Wang ◽

Juan Fernandez-Miranda

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Adenoma ◽

Pituitary Gland ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Third Ventricle ◽

Visual Fields ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal Approach ◽

Endonasal Approach ◽

Endoscopic Endonasal ◽

Anterior Displacement ◽

The Third

Objectives The current video presents the nuances of the infrasellar endoscopic endonasal approach for a pituitary adenoma extending into the third ventricle, with anterior displacement of the pituitary gland. Design The video analyzes the presentation, preoperative workup and imaging, surgical steps and technical nuances of the surgery, the clinical outcome, and follow-up imaging. Setting The patient was treated by a skull base team consisting of a neurosurgeon and an ENT surgeon at a teaching academic institution. Participants The case refers to 73-year-old female patient who was found to have a sellar mass after failure of vision to improve with cataract surgery. She also reported a several-month history of progressive loss of vision along with daily retro-orbital headaches. The adenoma extended into the clivus as well as in the retrosellar and suprasellar regions, eroding into the floor of the third ventricle. The normal gland was displaced anteriorly. Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures consisted of reversal of patient symptoms (headaches and visual disturbance), recurrence-free survival based on imaging, as well as absence of any complications. Results The patient's headaches and visual fields improved. There was no evidence of recurrence. Conclusion The infrasellar endoscopic endonasal approach is safe and effective for pituitary adenomas extending into the third ventricle, with anterior displacement of the pituitary gland.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/zp_06mEyRvY.

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Pre- and Postoperative MR Imaging of Craniopharyngiomas

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/02841851960373p275 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 37 (3P2) ◽

pp. 806-812 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. K. Hald ◽

O. P. Eldevik ◽

D. J. Quint ◽

W. F. Chandler ◽

T. Kollevold

Keyword(s):

Mr Imaging ◽

Pituitary Gland ◽

Third Ventricle ◽

Optic Chiasm ◽

Tumour Volume ◽

Volume Reduction ◽

Pituitary Stalk ◽

Residual Tumour ◽

Mr Images ◽

The Third

Purpose: To compare the pre- and postoperative MR appearance of craniopharyngiomas with respect to lesion size, tumour morphology and identification of surrounding normal structures. Material and Methods: MR images obtained prior to and following craniopharyngioma resection were evaluated retrospectively in 10 patients. Tumour signal characteristics, size and extension with particular reference to the optic chiasm, the pituitary gland, the pituitary stalk and the third ventricle were evaluated. Results: Following surgery, tumour volume was reduced in all patients. In 6 patients there was further tumour volume reduction between the first and second postoperative images. Two of these patients received radiation therapy between the 2 postoperative studies, while 4 had no adjuvant treatment to the surgical intervention. There was improved visualization of the optic chiasm in 3, the pituitary stalk in one, and the third ventricle in 9 of the 10 patients. The pituitary gland was identified preoperatively only in one patient, postoperatively only in another, pre- and postoperatively in 5, and neither pre- nor postoperatively in 3 patients. In 3 patients MR imaging 0–7 days postoperatively identified tumour remnants not seen at the end of the surgical procedure. The signal intensities of solid and cystic tumour components were stable from pre- to the first postoperative MR images. Optic tract increased signal prior to surgery was gone 28 days postoperatively in one patient, but persisted on the left side for 197 days after surgery in another. Conclusion: Postoperative MR imaging of craniopharyngiomas demonstrated tumour volume reduction and tumour remnants not seen at surgery. Early postoperative MR imaging of craniopharyngiomas may overestimate the size of residual tumour. Improved visualization of peritumoral structures may be achieved.

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Mixing and Modes of Mass Transfer in the Third Cerebral Ventricle: A Computational Analysis

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2768376 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 129 (5) ◽

pp. 695-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Vartan Kurtcuoglu ◽

Michaela Soellinger ◽

Paul Summers ◽

Dimos Poulikakos ◽

Peter Boesiger

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Pituitary Gland ◽

Third Ventricle ◽

Cerebral Ventricle ◽

Dynamics Model ◽

Male Adult ◽

The Third ◽

Brain Motion ◽

Mri Scans ◽

Motion Mri

Anatomic, velocimetric, and brain motion MRI scans were combined with a computational fluid dynamics model to investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mixing in the third cerebral ventricle of a healthy male adult. It was found that advection dominates over diffusion in most of the third ventricle. Three zones where diffusion plays an important role in the mixing process were identified. One of these zones, consisting of recessus infundibulus, recessus opticus and the adjacent regions up to commissura anterior, is likely to exist in the general population. We hypothesize that this zone may act as a buffer to flatten concentration peaks of pituitary gland hormones released into the CSF of the third ventricle. We further hypothesize that this zone may facilitate the communication between hypothalamus and the pituitary gland through the third ventricle cerebrospinal fluid by prolonging residence times of the communicated hormones.

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Intraventricular craniopharyngioma Report of two cases

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1971.34.1.0084 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 84-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Ernest L. Cashion ◽

Joseph M. Young

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Third Ventricle ◽

Pituitary Stalk ◽

Content Type ◽

The Third ◽

Fine Print

✓ Craniopharyngiomas are usually considered to arise along the pituitary stalk and upper aspect of the pituitary gland. Two cases of craniopharyngioma confined to the third ventricle are reported.

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