scholarly journals Very high mutation rate in offspring of Chernobyl accident liquidators

2001 ◽  
Vol 268 (1471) ◽  
pp. 1001-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sh. Weinberg ◽  
A. B. Korol ◽  
V. M. Kirzhner ◽  
A. Avivi ◽  
T. Fahima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
High Mutation Rate ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals Problems with the variants or quasi-species of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 013-018
Author(s):  
Angel San Miguel Rodríguez ◽  
Angel San Miguel Hernández ◽  
Julia San Miguel Rodríguez ◽  
Maria San Miguel Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
High Mutation Rate ◽  
Oncogenic Potential ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Very High

The HBV genome has a very high mutation rate, which is why it is considered a highly variable virus, being able to produce different variants or quasi-species in the same host, differentiated by small mutations that favor the oncogenic potential of the virus, in addition to attenuating the immunogenicity and antigenicity. There are a large number of epidemiological findings and studies that suggest a relationship between genotypes and pre-core / core variants of the hepatitis B virus with the clinical course of infection and the response to different antiviral treatments.

scholarly journals Generation of Rodent Malaria Parasites with a High Mutation Rate by Destructing Proofreading Activity of DNA Polymerase δ

DNA Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Honma ◽  
Makoto Hirai ◽  
Shota Nakamura ◽  
Hassan Hakimi ◽  
Shin-ichiro Kawazu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Mutation Rate ◽  
High Mutation Rate ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Rodent Malaria ◽  
Dna Polymerase Δ

scholarly journals Rhopalocnemis phalloides has one of the most reduced and mutated plastid genomes known

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail I. Schelkunov ◽  
Maxim S. Nuraliev ◽  
Maria D. Logacheva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Plastid Genome ◽  
Gene Content ◽  
High Mutation Rate ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Plastid Genomes ◽  
The Family

Although most plant species are photosynthetic, several hundred species have lost the ability to photosynthesize and instead obtain nutrients via various types of heterotrophic feeding. Their plastid genomes markedly differ from the plastid genomes of photosynthetic plants. In this work, we describe the sequenced plastid genome of the heterotrophic plant Rhopalocnemis phalloides, which belongs to the family Balanophoraceae and feeds by parasitizing other plants. The genome is highly reduced (18,622 base pairs vs. approximately 150 kbp in autotrophic plants) and possesses an extraordinarily high AT content, 86.8%, which is inferior only to AT contents of plastid genomes of Balanophora, a genus from the same family. The gene content of this genome is quite typical of heterotrophic plants, with all of the genes related to photosynthesis having been lost. The remaining genes are notably distorted by a high mutation rate and the aforementioned AT content. The high AT content has led to sequence convergence between some of the remaining genes and their homologs from AT-rich plastid genomes of protists. Overall, the plastid genome of R. phalloides is one of the most unusual plastid genomes known.

scholarly journals Mutation rate variability as a driving force in adaptive evolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalit Engelhardt ◽  
Eugene I. Shakhnovich
Keyword(s):  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
System Level ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
High Fitness ◽  
Evolutionary Advantage ◽  
Stress Result ◽  
Very High

Mutation rate is a key determinant of the pace as well as outcome of evolution, and variability in this rate has been shown in different scenarios to play a key role in evolutionary adaptation and resistance evolution under stress. Here we investigate the dynamics of resistance fixation in a bacterial population with variable mutation rates and show that evolutionary outcomes are most sensitive to mutation rate variations when the population is subject to environmental and demographic conditions that suppress the evolutionary advantage of high-fitness subpopulations. By directly mapping a molecular-level biophysical fitness function to the system-level dynamics of the population we show that both low and very high, but not intermediate, levels of stress result in a disproportionate effect of hypermutation on resistance fixation and that traditional definitions of the selection coefficient are insufficient to account for this effect. We demonstrate how this behavior is directly tied to the extent of genetic hitchhiking in the system, the propagation of high-mutation rate cells through association with high-fitness mutations. Our results indicate a substantial role for mutation rate flexibility in the evolution of antibiotic resistance under conditions that present a weak advantage over wildtype to resistant cells.

1. What are viruses?

2018 ◽  
pp. 2-16
Author(s):  
Dorothy H. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Molecular Clock ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
High Mutation Rate ◽  
Virus Identification ◽  
Obligate Parasites ◽  
Protein Coat ◽  
A Cell

‘What are viruses?’ introduces viruses and their structure. Martinus Beijerinck, in 1898, was the first to coin the term ‘virus’, and invention of the electron microscope in the late 1930s greatly enhanced virus identification. Viruses are not cells, but obligate parasites that must infect a cell and use its organelles in order to reproduce. They carry either DNA or RNA, and have a protein coat called a capsid. The whole structure is called a virion. Viruses have a high mutation rate, which helps them to survive and boost their resistance to antiviral drugs. The molecular clock technique to track a virus’s history is also explained.

204. Isolation of CAG repeat containing genes from human placenta and decidua

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
K. A. Freed ◽  
S. P. Brennecke ◽  
E. K. Moses
Keyword(s):  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
Trinucleotide Repeat ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Repeat Expansion ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
High Mutation Rate ◽  
Strong Negative Selection ◽  
Expansion Mutation

Pre-eclampsia is a serious disorder of pregnancy that manifests clinically in the mother as new-onset hypertension and proteinuria. Although the precise cause remains unknown, the placenta and the decidua play a fundamental role. The worldwide incidence of pre-eclampsia is 2–5% and such a high incidence, in the face of strong negative selection, suggests that the gene(s) involved have a selective advantage and/or a high mutation rate. One class of genetic diseases that involve a high mutation rate are the trinucleotide repeat expansion diseases. In these diseases repeated trinucleotide DNA sequences within specific genes multiply or expand up to 1000-fold. The result of this gene expansion/mutation is altered gene function that confers genetic susceptibility. Thus, the overall objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between a trinucleotide (CAG) repeat expansion and pre-eclampsia. The specific aim of this study was to isolate CAG repeat containing genes from human placenta and decidua. An adaptation of the mRNA differential display technique and traditional cDNA library screening was used. In total, 72 placental and 51 decidual sequences were analyzed using the BLAST nucleotide comparison program. Five cDNAs were analyzed further. The unique sequences surrounding the CAG repeat regions of these five genes will be used to generate primers to ascertain if any of these repeat DNA sequences vary in number in the normal population. If polymorphic genes are identified, the primers will be used on pre-eclamptic pedigrees to determine if pre-eclampsia is associated with a repeat expansion mutation.

High mutation rate ofNPHP3in 18 Chinese infantile nephronophthisis patients

Nephrology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangzhong Sun ◽  
Huajuan Tong ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Zhihui Yue ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mutation Rate ◽  
High Mutation Rate
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