scholarly journals Phenotypic determinants of individual fitness in female fur seals: larger is better

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1620) ◽  
pp. 1877-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwénaël Beauplet ◽  
Christophe Guinet
Keyword(s):  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Lifetime Reproductive Success ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Term Monitoring

Inter-individual differences in fitness in female vertebrates have often been related to phenotypic discrepancies, suggesting that bigger individuals exhibit greater fitness. However, the use of the temporally variable indices of quality, such as body mass/condition, may not represent the most reliable index over longer time intervals. Few studies have assessed the direct influence of body size (BS) on individual fitness. We addressed this knowledge gap using data from long-term monitoring of individually marked female subantarctic fur seals. The females of higher quality (i.e. higher lifetime reproductive success) were larger in BS than their counterparts, which correlated with their ability to provision their pup with greater and more regular energy supply, possibly through the maximization of foraging performance and body fat storage. We accordingly found that our study population could be divided into three contrasted categories of maternal quality, with 33% of the females producing over 71% of the viable offspring constituting the next generation. We suggest that a larger BS represents a crucial selective advantage for a central place forager, especially when exploiting remotely available resources.

scholarly journals LONG-TERM MONITORING OF THE EUROPEAN ROLLER (CORACIAS GARRULUS) IN UKRAINE: IS CLIMATE BEHIND THE CHANGES?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Shupova ◽  
Volodymyr Tytar
Keyword(s):  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Coracias Garrulus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Times ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
European Roller ◽  
Term Monitoring

Since the 1980s there has been a long-term decline in numbers and contraction of range in Europe, including Ukraine. Our specific goals were to reconstruct the climatically suitable range of the species in Ukraine before the 1980s, gain better knowledge on its requirements, compare the past and current suitable areas, infer the regional and environmental variables that best explain its occurrence, and quantify the overall range change in the country. For these purposes we created a database consisting of 347 records of the roller made ever in Ukraine. We employed a species distribution modeling (SDM) approach to hindcast changes in the suitable range of the roller during historical times across Ukraine and to derive spatially explicit predictions of climatic suitability for the species under current climate. SDMs were created for three time intervals (before 1980, 1985-2009, 2010-2021) using corresponding climate data extracted from the TerraClim database. SDMs show a decline of suitable for rollers areas in the country from 85 to 46%. Several factors, including land cover and use, human population density and climate, that could have contributed to the decline of the species in Ukraine were considered. We suggest climate change and its speed (velocity) have been responsible for shaping the contemporary home range of the European roller.

scholarly journals Fatigue Safety Examination of a Riveted Railway Bridge Using Data from Long Term Monitoring

2013 ◽  
Vol 99 (25) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugen Brühwiler ◽  
Max Bosshard ◽  
Pirmin Steck ◽  
Christian Meyer ◽  
Marcel Tschumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Railway Bridge ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Term Monitoring

scholarly journals The Performance of Immunoassays to Measure Antibodies to the Chlamydia trachomatis Antigen Pgp3 in Different Epidemiological Settings for Trachoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Gwyn ◽  
Andrew W. Nute ◽  
Eshetu Sata ◽  
Zerihun Tadesse ◽  
Ambahun Chernet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Multiplex Bead ◽  
Good Agreement

Programs to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem use prevalence of the clinical sign trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) in 1- to 9-year-olds in endemic districts to make decisions to begin or end mass drug administration with azithromycin. Trachomatous inflammation—follicular is used as a proxy for transmission of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Long-term monitoring of previously endemic districts for recrudescence of ocular C. trachomatis infection would benefit from a simple blood test that could be integrated with other public health programs. In this study, we evaluated multiple tests to measure antibodies against the C. trachomatis antigen Pgp3—a multiplex bead assay (MBA), an ELISA, and two versions of a lateral flow assay (LFA)—in four districts of the Amhara region of Ethiopia with varying levels of TF. Seroprevalence and seroconversion rate (SCR) results were proportional to TF prevalence by district for most tests, with the notable exception of the LFA using colloidal gold as the developing reagent. Changing the test developing reagent to black latex improved agreement between serological measures and TF prevalence and in inter-rater agreement. Seroconversion rate estimates using data derived from the LFA-gold assay were inconsistent with the shape of the age-seroprevalence curve, which did not increase in older ages. These data revealed potential complications with using SCR that will need further evaluation. Data from MBA, ELISA, and LFA with the black test line showed good agreement with each other and proportionality to TF estimates, providing further data that serology has potential utility for trachoma surveillance.

scholarly journals Downscaling SSP-consistent global spatial urban land projections from 1/8-degree to 1-km resolution 2000–2100

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Gao ◽  
Martino Pesaresi
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Global Coverage ◽  
Urban Land Expansion ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Potential Interactions

AbstractLong-term, spatial urban land projections that simultaneously offer global coverage and local-scale empirical accuracy are rare. Recently a set of such projections was produced using data-science-based simulations and the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). These projections update at decadal time intervals from 2000 to 2100 with a spatial resolution of 1/8 degree, while many socio-environmental studies customarily run their analysis and modelling at finer spatial resolutions, e.g. 1-km. Here we develop and validate an algorithm to downscale the 1/8-degree spatial urban land projections to the 1-km resolution. The algorithm uses an iterative process to allocate the decadal amount of urban land expansion originally projected for each 1/8-degree grid to its constituent 1-km grids. The results are a set of global maps showing urban land fractions at the 1-km resolution, updated at decadal intervals from 2000 to 2100, under five different urban land expansion scenarios consistent with the SSPs. The data can support studies of potential interactions between future urbanization and environmental changes across spatial and temporal scales.

Future Needs for Long-Term Monitoring Design

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara S. Minsker ◽  
Charles Davis ◽  
David Dougherty ◽  
Gus Williams
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Design ◽  
Future Needs ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring
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