scholarly journals Downscaling SSP-consistent global spatial urban land projections from 1/8-degree to 1-km resolution 2000–2100

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Gao ◽  
Martino Pesaresi
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Global Coverage ◽  
Urban Land Expansion ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Potential Interactions

AbstractLong-term, spatial urban land projections that simultaneously offer global coverage and local-scale empirical accuracy are rare. Recently a set of such projections was produced using data-science-based simulations and the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). These projections update at decadal time intervals from 2000 to 2100 with a spatial resolution of 1/8 degree, while many socio-environmental studies customarily run their analysis and modelling at finer spatial resolutions, e.g. 1-km. Here we develop and validate an algorithm to downscale the 1/8-degree spatial urban land projections to the 1-km resolution. The algorithm uses an iterative process to allocate the decadal amount of urban land expansion originally projected for each 1/8-degree grid to its constituent 1-km grids. The results are a set of global maps showing urban land fractions at the 1-km resolution, updated at decadal intervals from 2000 to 2100, under five different urban land expansion scenarios consistent with the SSPs. The data can support studies of potential interactions between future urbanization and environmental changes across spatial and temporal scales.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Recommendations of Long-Term Strategies for Researchers Using Data Science Techniques

Computers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Gilberto Ayala-Bastidas ◽  
Hector G. Ceballos ◽  
Francisco J. Cantu-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Process Mining ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Scientific Content ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the strategies that researchers follow to publish or produce scientific content can have a long-term impact. Identifying which strategies are most influential in the future has been attracting increasing attention in the literature. In this study, we present a systematic review of recommendations of long-term strategies in research analytics and their implementation methodologies. The objective is to present an overview from 2002 to 2018 on the development of this topic, including trends, and addressed contexts. The central objective is to identify data-oriented approaches to learn long-term research strategies, especially in process mining. We followed a protocol for systematic reviews for the engineering area in a structured and respectful manner. The results show the need for studies that generate more specific recommendations based on data mining. This outcome leaves open research opportunities from two particular perspectives—applying methodologies involving process mining for the context of research analytics and the feasibility study on long-term strategies using data science techniques.

scholarly journals Global Reach-level 3-hourly River Flood Reanalysis (1980-2019)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-49
Author(s):  
Yuan Yang ◽  
Ming Pan ◽  
Peirong Lin ◽  
Hylke E. Beck ◽  
Zhenzhong Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Land Surface Model ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Global Coverage ◽  
River Modeling ◽  
Global Reach

AbstractBetter understanding and quantification of river floods for very local and flashy events calls for modeling capability at fine spatial and temporal scales. However, long-term discharge records with a global coverage suitable for extreme events analysis are still lacking. Here, grounded on recent breakthroughs in global runoff hydrology, river modeling, high resolution hydrography, and climate reanalysis, we developed a 3-hourly river discharge record globally for 2.94 million river reaches during the 40-year period of 1980-2019. The underlying modeling chain consists of the VIC land surface model (0.05°, 3-hourly) that is well calibrated and bias corrected and the RAPID routing model (2.94 million river and catchment vectors), with precipitation input from MSWEP and other meteorological fields downscaled from ERA5. Flood events (above 2-year return) and their characteristics (number, spatial distribution, and seasonality) were extracted and studied. Validations against 3-hourly flow records from 6,000+ gauges in CONUS and daily records from 14,000+ gauges globally show good modeling performance across all flow ranges, good skills in reconstructing flood events (high extremes), and the benefit of (and need for) sub-daily modeling. This data record, referred as Global Reach-level Flood Reanalysis (GRFR), is publicly available at https://www.reachhydro.org/home/records/grfr.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence for the public sector: opportunities and challenges of cross-sector collaboration

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2128) ◽  
pp. 20170357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slava Jankin Mikhaylov ◽  
Marc Esteve ◽  
Averill Campion
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Uncertainty

Public sector organizations are increasingly interested in using data science and artificial intelligence capabilities to deliver policy and generate efficiencies in high-uncertainty environments. The long-term success of data science and artificial intelligence (AI) in the public sector relies on effectively embedding it into delivery solutions for policy implementation. However, governments cannot do this integration of AI into public service delivery on their own. The UK Government Industrial Strategy is clear that delivering on the AI grand challenge requires collaboration between universities and the public and private sectors. This cross-sectoral collaborative approach is the norm in applied AI centres of excellence around the world. Despite their popularity, cross-sector collaborations entail serious management challenges that hinder their success. In this article we discuss the opportunities for and challenges of AI for the public sector. Finally, we propose a series of strategies to successfully manage these cross-sectoral collaborations.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The growing ubiquity of algorithms in society: implications, impacts and innovations’.

scholarly journals Early Palaeozoic diversifications and extinctions in the marine biosphere: a continuum of change

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A.T. Harper ◽  
Borja Cascales-Miñana ◽  
Thomas Servais
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Cambrian Explosion ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Late Cambrian ◽  
Global Coverage ◽  
Early Palaeozoic ◽  
Marine Biosphere

AbstractA review of biodiversity curves of marine organisms indicates that, despite fluctuations in amplitude (some large), a large-scale, long-term radiation of life took place during the early Palaeozoic Era; it was aggregated by a succession of more discrete and regionalized radiations across geographies and within phylogenies. This major biodiversification within the marine biosphere started during late Precambrian time and was only finally interrupted in the Devonian Period. It includes both the Cambrian Explosion and the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event. The establishment of modern marine ecosystems took place during a continuous chronology of the successive establishment of organisms and their ecological communities, developed during the ‘Cambrian substrate revolution’, the ‘Ordovician plankton revolution’, the ‘Ordovician substrate revolution’, the ‘Ordovician bioerosion revolution’ and the ‘Devonian nekton revolution’. At smaller scales, different regional but important radiations can be recognized geographically and some of them have been identified and named (e.g. those associated with the ‘Richmondian Invasion’ during Late Ordovician time in Laurentia and the contemporaneous ‘Boda event’ in parts of Europe and North Africa), in particular from areas that were in or moved towards lower latitudes, allowing high levels of speciation on epicontintental seas during these intervals. The datasets remain incomplete for many other geographical areas, but also for particular time intervals (e.g. during the late Cambrian ‘Furongian Gap’). The early Palaeozoic biodiversification therefore appears to be a long-term process, modulated by bursts in significant diversity and intervals of inadequate data, where its progressive character will become increasingly clearer with the availability of more complete datasets, with better global coverage and more advanced analytical techniques.

scholarly journals Differential responses of marine communities to natural and anthropogenic changes

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1803) ◽  
pp. 20142990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kowalewski ◽  
Jacalyn M. Wittmer ◽  
Troy A. Dexter ◽  
Alessandro Amorosi ◽  
Daniele Scarponi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Homogeneous System ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
Marine Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Shift ◽  
Natural Climate

Responses of ecosystems to environmental changes vary greatly across habitats, organisms and observational scales. The Quaternary fossil record of the Po Basin demonstrates that marine communities of the northern Adriatic re-emerged unchanged following the most recent glaciation, which lasted approximately 100 000 years. The Late Pleistocene and Holocene interglacial ecosystems were both dominated by the same species, species turnover rates approximated predictions of resampling models of a homogeneous system, and comparable bathymetric gradients in species composition, sample-level diversity, dominance and specimen abundance were observed in both time intervals. The interglacial Adriatic ecosystems appear to have been impervious to natural climate change either owing to their persistence during those long-term perturbations or their resilient recovery during interglacial phases of climate oscillations. By contrast, present-day communities of the northern Adriatic differ notably from their Holocene counterparts. The recent ecosystem shift stands in contrast to the long-term endurance of interglacial communities in face of climate-driven environmental changes.

scholarly journals Pygoscelid penguins breeding distribution and population trends at Lions Rump rookery, King George Island

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Korczak−Abshire ◽  
Michał Węgrzyn ◽  
Piotr J. Angiel ◽  
Maja Lisowska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
King George Island ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Natural Response ◽  
Gis System ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Pygoscelid Penguins

AbstractLong term changes (46 years) in the abundance of pygoscelid penguins breeding populations and nests distribution in the Lions Rump (King George Island) colony were in− vestigated in three time intervals, according to previously published two censuses and one original study conducted in 2010. At that time a detailed colony map based on the GIS system was made. Results of this study showed different trends for each investigated species. In the last three decades Adélie penguin breeding populations showed strong declining tendencies (69.61%). In contrast, the population of gentoo penguins represents the reverse trend, increasing 171.85% over the same period. Observed changes in both penguin population sizes are reflected in the different spatial and geographic distribution of their nests. The population changes observed at the Lions Rump colony are consistent with the relevant pygoscelid penguin tendencies in the western Antarctic Peninsula region. Breeding penguin population dynamics at Lions Rump area with a minimal disturbance by human activity may well illustrate a natural response of those birds to environmental changes in the Antarctic.

scholarly journals Phenotypic determinants of individual fitness in female fur seals: larger is better

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1620) ◽  
pp. 1877-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwénaël Beauplet ◽  
Christophe Guinet
Keyword(s):  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Lifetime Reproductive Success ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Term Monitoring

Inter-individual differences in fitness in female vertebrates have often been related to phenotypic discrepancies, suggesting that bigger individuals exhibit greater fitness. However, the use of the temporally variable indices of quality, such as body mass/condition, may not represent the most reliable index over longer time intervals. Few studies have assessed the direct influence of body size (BS) on individual fitness. We addressed this knowledge gap using data from long-term monitoring of individually marked female subantarctic fur seals. The females of higher quality (i.e. higher lifetime reproductive success) were larger in BS than their counterparts, which correlated with their ability to provision their pup with greater and more regular energy supply, possibly through the maximization of foraging performance and body fat storage. We accordingly found that our study population could be divided into three contrasted categories of maternal quality, with 33% of the females producing over 71% of the viable offspring constituting the next generation. We suggest that a larger BS represents a crucial selective advantage for a central place forager, especially when exploiting remotely available resources.

Editorial Introduction

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Woodward
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Mediterranean Environment ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
The Mediterranean

By examining both contemporary processes and long-term records of change, this volume explores the climates, landscapes, ecosystems, and hazards that comprise the Mediterranean world. This is the only region on Earth where three continents meet and their interaction has produced a very distinctive physical geography. This book examines the landscapes and processes at the margins of the three continents and the distinctive marine environment between them. In broad terms, the physical geography of the Mediterranean is a product of long-term interplay between tectonic forces, climate change, river basin and marine processes, and biosphere dynamics, as well as the action of humans during the course of the Holocene. From the outset, it is important to keep in mind that this physical geography is an integration of energy, materials, and processes within a much wider global system. The Mediterranean is a zone of convergence and interaction. It is a meeting place not only for tectonic plates, but also for air masses, energy, and river flows from both temperate and tropical latitudes. The region also interacts directly with the global ocean, receiving cool North Atlantic waters in exchange for the warmer and saltier waters produced in the basins of the Mediterranean Sea. It is also a biodiversity hotspot; the Mediterranean has been a meeting place for plants, animals, and humans from three continents throughout much of its history. The chapters in Part I set out the physical and biological framework for the rest of the book and examine key debates about the evolution of the Mediterranean environment. They explore fundamental interactions between the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere across a range of spatial and temporal scales. The scene is set for later chapters that focus more closely on particular aspects of the Mediterranean environment such as ecosystem dynamics, river basin systems, karst environments, natural hazards, and land degradation. Chapter 1 examines the role of tectonic processes in the development of the Mediterranean landscape and its marine basins. Also highlighted are the dramatic environmental changes and the geomorphological legacy associated with the Messinian Salinity Crisis of the Late Miocene. Chapter 2 focuses on the marine environment, both ancient and modern.

Relation of grilse to salmon ratio to environmental changes in several wild stocks of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Iceland

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1385-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gudjonsson ◽  
S. M. Einarsson ◽  
Th. Antonsson ◽  
G. Gudbergsson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Counter Data

The grilse to salmon ratio of each smolt class of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during the last three decades were examined using data from catch records and from direct counter data in several rivers in western and northern Iceland. The counter data show that the catch data in Icelandic rivers reflects the number of spawners entering the rivers. Both long- and short-term changes in the grilse to salmon ratio were seen. Climatic changes can be responsible for long term changes in sea age composition of Icelandic salmon stocks. Short-term changes in the ratio can be explained by changes in marine conditions that influence the survival of salmon during their second year at sea.

Designing a CRM Framework for online & offline sports footwear retailers

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Cueva ◽  
Guillem Rufian ◽  
Maria Gabriela Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Impact

The use of Customer Relationship Managers to foster customers loyalty has become one of the most common business strategies in the past years.  However, CRM solutions do not fill the abundance of happily ever-after relationships that business needs, and each client’s perception is different in the buying process.  Therefore, the experience must be precise, in order to extend the loyalty period of a customer as much as possible. One of the economic sectors in which CRM’s have improved this experience is retailing, where the personalized attention to the customer is a key factor.  However, brick and mortar experiences are not enough to be aware in how environmental changes could affect the industry trends in the long term.  A base unified theoretical framework must be taken into consideration, in order to develop an adaptable model for constructing or implementing CRMs into companies. Thanks to this approximation, the information is complemented, and the outcome will increment the quality in any Marketing/Sales initiative. The goal of this article is to explore the different factors grouped by three main domains within the impact of service quality, from a consumer’s perspective, in both on-line and off-line retailing sector.  Secondly, we plan to go a step further and extract base guidelines about previous analysis for designing CRM’s solutions focused on the loyalty of the customers for a specific retailing sector and its product: Sports Running Shoes.

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