scholarly journals Predicting unknown species numbers using discovery curves

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1618) ◽  
pp. 1651-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P Bebber ◽  
Francis H.C Marriott ◽  
Kevin J Gaston ◽  
Stephen A Harris ◽  
Robert W Scotland
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Species Numbers ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Species Descriptions ◽  
Total Species ◽  
Global Datasets

A common approach to estimating the total number of extant species in a taxonomic group is to extrapolate from the temporal pattern of known species descriptions. A formal statistical approach to this problem is provided. The approach is applied to a number of global datasets for birds, ants, mosses, lycophytes, monilophytes (ferns and horsetails), gymnosperms and also to New World grasses and UK flowering plants. Overall, our results suggest that unless the inventory of a group is nearly complete, estimating the total number of species is associated with very large margins of error. The strong influence of unpredictable variations in the discovery process on species accumulation curves makes these data unreliable in estimating total species numbers.

scholarly journals The endophytic community of Dactylis glomerata

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Sánchez Márquez ◽  
G.F. Bills ◽  
I. Zabalgogeazcoa
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Species Accumulation ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Ecological Roles ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Endophytic Community

Morphological and molecular methods were used to identify the endophytic mycobiota of the grass Dactylis glomerata. Fungal endophytes belonging to 109 different species were isolated from asymptomatic plants sampled in different ecosystems in Spain. Species accumulation curves showed that most species commonly infecting this grass have been identified, but the number of singleton species occasionally infecting the plants is likely to increase with more sampling effort. A large endophytic assemblage consisting of fungi with diverse ecological roles, and potentially unknown species was found in a small number of plants. Keywords: endophytes, Dactylis glomerata, diversity, abundance

scholarly journals Pollinator Species Richness Trends: No Decelerating Declines in Dutch Bees and Bumblebees

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom J. M. Van Dooren
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Species Numbers ◽  
Pollinator Species ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Accumulation Curves

AbstractTemporal trends (1946–2013) in the species richness of wild bees from the Netherlands are analysed. We apply two methods to estimate richness change which both incorporate models for sampling effects and detection probability. The analysis is repeated for records with specimens deposited in collections, and a subset restricted to spatial grid cells that have been sampled repeatedly across three periods. When fitting non-linear species accumulation curves to species numbers, declines are inferred for bumblebees and at most limited declines for other bees. Capture-recapture analysis applied to species encounter histories infers a constant colonization rate per year and constant (bumblebees) or decreasing (other) local species survival. However, simulations suggest that the method estimates time trends in survival with a negative bias. Species richness trends predicted by the second approach are a 10% reduction in non-Bombus species richness and 29% fewer Bombus species since 1946, comparable to the predictions of the first approach. Neither analysis provides reliable evidence that decelerating declines in species richness occur in these taxa. Therefore we should not infer decelerating declines in pollinator species richness in N-W Europe as previously claimed.

scholarly journals Plant diversity of the horticultural farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
MAS Chowdhury ◽  
MST T Islam ◽  
PK Malaker ◽  
SM Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Total Species

A taxonomic survey was carried out to assess the diversity of plant genetic resources in the Horticultural farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The data were collected during April 2004 to March 2005. A total of 25328 (including unidentified plant species) species were recorded in which trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers and woody grasses were 51.56, 27.60, 7.81, 10.41, and 2.61% of the total species, respectively. The total number of plants belongs to 98 families under 141 genera and 192 species (excluding unknown species). Among these, 65 fruit tree species under 38 genera and 25 families (of which 8 species were rare and endangered), 16 timber plant species under 12 genera and 9 families, 32 medicinal plant species under 29 genera and 24 families (of which 7 species were rate and endangered), 44 ornamental plant species under 34 genera and 25 families (of which 2 species were rare and endangered), 4 spices plant species under 4 genera and 4 families, 11 vegetables plant species under 9 genera and 6 families, 5 bamboo species under 2 genera and one family, 3 rattan (Bet) plant (which were rare and endangered) species under one genus and one family, 10 palm plant species under 10 genera and 2 families, and 2 rubber plant species under 2 genera and one family were recorded. Key Words: Plant diversity; taxonomic survey. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i2.5790Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(2) : 189-204, June 2009

scholarly journals Arrive, survive and thrive: essential stages in the re-colonization and recovery of zooplankton in urban lakes in Sudbury, Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman D. Yan ◽  
John Bailey ◽  
James C. McGeer ◽  
Marina M. Manca ◽  
Wendel (Bill) Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Ecological Recovery ◽  
Regional Reference

<p>The recovery of lakes from severe, historical acid and metal pollution requires that colonists of extirpated species arrive, survive and subsequently thrive.  We employed 40 year records from weekly to monthly crustacean zooplankton samples from Middle and Clearwater lakes near Sudbury, Canada, to identify the main mechanistic bottlenecks in this recovery process. While both lakes now have circum-neutral pH, acidity decreased more rapidly in Middle Lake because of past liming interventions, while Clearwater Lake, being larger and supporting more housing, likely receives more zooplankton colonists than Middle Lake. Community richness increased much faster in Middle Lake than in Clearwater Lake, at 1.6 <em>vs</em> 0.9 species decade<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Richness has recovered in Middle Lake, when assessed against a target of 9-16 species collection<sup>-1</sup> determined from regional reference lakes, but it has not yet recovered in Clearwater Lake. Species accumulation curves and a metric of annual persistence show that this difference is a product not of greater rates of species introduction into Middle Lake, but rather to their greater annual persistence once introduced.  Greater annual persistence was associated with better habitat quality (<em>i.e</em>., lower acid and metal toxicity) in Middle Lake, particularly early in the record, and lower planktivore abundance, more recently. These results support a growing consensus that ecological recovery of zooplankton from acidification and metal pollution does not depend strongly on propagule introduction rates which are adequate, but rather on propagule persistence, in lake-rich, suburban landscapes such as those near Sudbury. </p>

The Acontiinae and Eustrotiinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2499 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL G. POGUE
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Image Description ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Great Smoky Mountains ◽  
Smoky Mountains ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Elevational Range

Five species of Acontiinae and nine species of Eustrotiinae are known to occur in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Each species is documented with an adult image, description/diagnosis, flight period, park distribution, abundance, elevational range, general distribution, and larval hosts. Species accumulation curves using the abundance-based estimators Chao 1 and ACE, and the incidence-based estimators Chao 2 and ICE are presented for each subfamily. The results from these estimators indicate that the number of species observed is equal to or very close to the number of estimated species and, therefore, it is unlikely that additional species will be added to the fauna of GSMNP in these subfamilies.

scholarly journals New species of Metatrichia Coquillett (Diptera: Scenopinidae) from Australia and Venezuela

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2094 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAUN L. WINTERTON ◽  
NORMAN E. WOODLEY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New World ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
The Third ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Arnhem Land ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Australasian Region

Two new species of the cosmopolitan genus Metatrichia Coquillett are described. Metatrichia dhimurru sp. nov. is described from Arnhem Land (Northern Territory), Australia and represents the third species of the genus to be described from the Australasian region. Metatrichia venezuelensis sp. nov. from Venezuela is the third extant species of the genus to be described from the New World.

ATTACK BY BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) FOLLOWING SPACING OF MATURE LODGEPOLE PINE (PINACEAE) STANDS

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Safranyik ◽  
T.L. Shore ◽  
D.A. Linton
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Stick Model

AbstractVariation in bark beetle attack following spacing of mature lodgepole pine stands in the East Kootenays of British Columbia was analyzed in relation to stand location (site), spacing treatment, and harvesting injury. Observations were made on three sites, each having three treatments: 4 × 4 m spacing, 5 × 5 m spacing, and untreated control. There was no statistically significant difference in the numbers of attacked trees among sites or treatments. However, in the spaced plots 94.3% of the attacked trees sustained harvesting injury or were located adjacent to skid trails. Dendroctonus valens LeConte was the dominant species attacking trees on the two drier sites, and Dendroctonus murrayanae Hopkins was the dominant species on the third site. There was no statistically significant variation in the percentage of attacked stumps among sites or spacing treatments. On average, 80.7% of the stumps were attacked; attacked stumps had larger diameters than unattacked stumps. Thirteen species of bark beetles were found attacking stumps. Hylurgops porosus LeConte was the most numerous species at all three sites. Based on the fit of the Michaelis–Menten equations to species accumulation curves, an estimated 76–90% of the number of species attacking stumps at the three sites were observed in bark samples. Margalef’s index of diversity for the two drier sites (Cranbrook = 1.15, Parson = 1.13) was nearly identical and higher than at the moist site (Elkford = 0.89). Pairs of sites had five to six species in common, and the Sorensen coefficient of similarity ranged from 0.52 to 0.71, indicating moderate similarity in species composition. The abundance versus species rank relationship was fitted by three models: the MacArthur broken stick model, the geometric series, and the Zeta distribution. The latter gave good fit to data from two sites, but none of the fitted models gave satisfactory fit to data from the third site, mainly because of the high abundance of the second ranked species (Orthotomicus caelatus Eichhoff). Our results indicated that stand characteristics affected species assemblages and abundances of bark beetle species that attacked stumps. Management practices that minimize injury to trees during the spacing operations are emphasized to reduce attack by bark beetles.

Aristolochia xuanlienensis, a new species of Aristolochiaceae from Vietnam

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
NGUYEN THI THANH HUONG ◽  
DO VAN HAI ◽  
BUI HONG QUANG ◽  
NGUYEN THE CUONG ◽  
NGUYEN SINH KHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New World ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Southern Asia ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
A New Species

Aristolochia Linneaus (1753: 960), the largest genus of Aristolochiaceae, consists of about 400 species (Hwang, 1988, Ma, 1989) but most of them are in the New World (Hou, 1984: 53; Huang et al. 2003: 246). It is widely distributed throughout tropics and subtropics but also extends into warm temperate regions. However, the genus is also rich in Asia, particularly in eastern and southern Asia, with more than 70 species (Ma, 1989). In Vietnam, there are 13 species and 1 variety (Ban, 2003, Lecomte, 1910, Ho, 2000, Do et al. 2014). During a field expedition to Thanh Hoa Province, Xuan Lien Nature Reserve, an unknown species of Aristolochia was collected and studied in the Vietnamese Herbaria; in comparison with other species of the genus, particularly the floral and fruit characteristics of those in the nearby area, it became obvious that it indeed represented a species new to science, which we described here.

scholarly journals Can Observation Skills of Citizen Scientists Be Estimated Using Species Accumulation Curves?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e0139600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Kelling ◽  
Alison Johnston ◽  
Wesley M. Hochachka ◽  
Marshall Iliff ◽  
Daniel Fink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Species Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Curves

REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD CHRYSOLAMPINAE (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA)

1986 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 913-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Christopher Darling
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
New World ◽  
World Species ◽  
European Species ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Climatic Information

AbstractThe taxonomy and biology of New World species of Chrysolampinae are reviewed with diagnoses given for the subfamily, genera, and species. A key to the species of Chrysolampus and a summary of geographic distribution and information on host and floral associations are presented. Three new species are described from North America (Chrysolampus improcerus, C. luridus and C. elegans); Chrysolampus lycti Crawford is transferred to Perilampus and synonymized with the European species P. micans Dalman. The genus Chrysomalla is recorded in the New World for the first time based on the new species Chrysomalla hesperis. An explanation of the historical biogeography of the genera is proposed that is consistent with Late Cretaceous and Tertiary geological, botanical, and climatic information. It is suggested that the extant species are descendents of elements of a widely distributed arid biota.

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