IV. Dynamical illustrations of the magnetic and the heliçoidal rotatory effects of transparent bodies on polarized light

1857 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Property ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Quartz Crystals ◽  
Light Passing ◽  
Elastic Reaction ◽  
Polarization Of Light

The elastic reaction of a homogeneously strained solid has a character essentially devoid of all heliçoidal and of all dipolar asymmetry. Hence the rotation of the plane of polarization of light passing through bodies which either intrinsically possess the heliçoidal property (syrup, oil of turpentine, quartz crystals, &c.), or have the magnetic property induced in them, must be due to elastic reactions dependent on the heterogeneousness of the strain through the space of a wave, or to some heterogeneousness of the luminous motions dependent on a heterogeneousness of parts of the matter of lineal dimensions not infinitely small in comparison with the wave length.

scholarly journals III. On the Plane and Angle of Polarization of Light Reflected at the surface of a Crystal

1844 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-65
Author(s):  
P. Kelland
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Polarization Of Light

The present Memoir is, to a certain extent, a continuation of one which the author presented to the Society in December 1838, and which has since been published in the thirteenth volume of the Transactions. Other motives, however, than the desire of completing the subject, have influenced him in producing the following analysis. A very important point in the hypothetical conditions which Fresnel assumed to hold with respect to polarized light, has, of late, been warmly combated in various quarters. Fresnel supposed that light polarized in a given plane consists of vibrations of such a nature that the motion is perpendicular to that plane. Neumann and other writers contend that the very opposite is the fact. We hope to be able to offer evidence of some little weight in favour of the former view; at the same time we do not pretend to shew the actual impossibility of the truth of the latter.

2. On the Rotation of the Plane of Polarization by Quartz, and its relation to Wave-Length

1882 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 815-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Peddie
Keyword(s):  
Wave Length ◽  
Angular Rotation ◽  
Light Rays ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Polarization Of Light

The angular rotation of the plane of polarization of light-rays in their passage through quartz is a function of the wave-length, and is roughly represented by the formulawhere A is a constant depending on the quartz. This formula is only approximate, however, and one object of the experiments described below was to ascertain how closely the rotation might be represented by three terms of the equation

scholarly journals Experimental researches on the elliptic polarization of light

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 394-394
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Metallic Surfaces ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Elliptic Polarization ◽  
Polarization Of Light ◽  
Experimental Researches

This paper contains an experimental investigation of the phenomena of elliptic polarization resulting from the reflexion of polarized light from metallic surfaces, and the theory on which they are explicable; the analytical results being given in a tabular form, and applied to the cases of the experiments themselves.

Polarization

Optics f2f ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
Charles S. Adams ◽  
Ifan G. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Plane Wave ◽  
Wave Solution ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Plane Wave Solution ◽  
Polarization Of Light

This chapter discusses the polarization of light, including the transverse nature of the plane-wave solution; the linear and circular bases are introduced, and the propagation of polarized light in media is analysed.

scholarly journals Patterns and properties of polarized light in air and water

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1565) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Cronin ◽  
Justin Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Current State ◽  
Visual Systems ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Predictable Pattern ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Polarization Of Light

Natural sources of light are at best weakly polarized, but polarization of light is common in natural scenes in the atmosphere, on the surface of the Earth, and underwater. We review the current state of knowledge concerning how polarization and polarization patterns are formed in nature, emphasizing linearly polarized light. Scattering of sunlight or moonlight in the sky often forms a strongly polarized, stable and predictable pattern used by many animals for orientation and navigation throughout the day, at twilight, and on moonlit nights. By contrast, polarization of light in water, while visible in most directions of view, is generally much weaker. In air, the surfaces of natural objects often reflect partially polarized light, but such reflections are rarer underwater, and multiple-path scattering degrades such polarization within metres. Because polarization in both air and water is produced by scattering, visibility through such media can be enhanced using straightforward polarization-based methods of image recovery, and some living visual systems may use similar methods to improve vision in haze or underwater. Although circularly polarized light is rare in nature, it is produced by the surfaces of some animals, where it may be used in specialized systems of communication.

SPIN INTERFERENCE CAUSED BY SPIN-ORBIT INTERACTION IN NON-MAGNETIC HETEROSTRUCTURES

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 1839-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
YONG-MEI ZHANG ◽  
JIN-DOU QIU ◽  
CHUN ZHANG ◽  
DONG-SHENG HU
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Spin Transport ◽  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Light Passing ◽  
Magnetic Heterostructures ◽  
Spin Orbit Interactions ◽  
Polarization Of Light ◽  
Shed Light

We study spin transport properties in non-magnetic heterostructures in the presence of different spin-orbit interactions. For an unpolarized beam with zero angle of incidence, the transmitted spin-up and spin-down electrons will propagate in the same direction with similar amplitudes and different phases. The two beams will interfere with each other after passing through a certain distance of spin-orbit region. This effect just resembles the interference of polarization of light passing through wave plate. This quantum interference will shed light on quantum information processing and quantum computation.

scholarly journals The investigation of the behaviour of polarization of light passing through chiral liquid-crystalline photonic structures

1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Alaverdyan ◽  
R. Alaverdyan ◽  
H. Gharagulyan ◽  
H. Gharagulyan ◽  
H. Grigoryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Photonic Structures ◽  
Light Passing ◽  
Polarization Of Light

The tiered retina of Dytiscus : a new type of compound eye

1970 ◽  
Vol 175 (1038) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Compound Eye ◽  
Electrical Coupling ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Light Passing ◽  
Small Fields ◽  
New Type ◽  
Different Levels

The retina of Dytiscus is tiered, with proximal and distal layers of receptors at different levels. Photoreceptor units of the proximal retina of the eye of Dytiscus have fields of view so wide that light entering by any facet is able to excite a receptor belonging virtually to any ommatidium in the light- or dark-adapted eye. Although the distal rhabdomeres may have small fields of view, the proximal retina is clearly not adapted for perception of form or movement. The sensitivity of proximal retinula units is compatible with the observations that light passing through many facets sums upon them and that their rhabdomeres are relatively large and jointly occupy the whole cross-sectional area of the eye. The lack of polarized light sensitivity of the proximal retinula units can be attributed to electrical coupling between cells with tubules oriented in different directions within each ommatidium.

scholarly journals Circular polarization signals of cloudy (exo)planets

2018 ◽  
Vol 616 ◽  
pp. A117 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rossi ◽  
D. M. Stam
Keyword(s):  
Circular Polarization ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cloud Particle ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Particle Properties ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Polarization Of Light ◽  
Phase Angles

Context. The circular polarization of light that planets reflect is often neglected because it is very small compared to the linear polarization. It could, however, provide information on a planet’s atmosphere and surface, and on the presence of life, because homochiral molecules that are the building blocks of life on Earth are known to reflect circularly polarized light. Aims. We compute Pc, the degree of circular polarization, of light that is reflected by rocky (exo)planets to provide insight into the viability of circular spectropolarimetry for characterizing (exo)planetary atmospheres. Methods. We compute the Pc of light that is reflected by rocky (exo)planets with liquid water or sulfuric acid solution clouds, both spatially resolved across the planetary disk and, for planets with patchy clouds, integrated across the planetary disk, for various planetary phase angles α. Results. The optical thickness and vertical distribution of the atmospheric gas and clouds, the size parameter and refractive index of the cloud particles, and α all influence Pc. Spatially resolved, Pc varies between ± 0.20% (the sign indicates the polarization direction). Only for small gas optical thicknesses above the clouds do significant sign changes (related to cloud particle properties) across the planets’ hemispheres occur. For patchy clouds, the disk-integrated Pc is typically smaller than ± 0.025%, with maximum for α between 40° and 70°, and 120° to 140°. As expected, the disk-integrated Pc is virtually zero at α = 0° and 180°. The disk-integrated Pc is also very small at α ≈ 100°. Conclusions. Measuring circular polarization signals appears to be challenging with current technology. The small atmospheric circular polarization signal could, however, allow the detection of circular polarization due to homochiral molecules such as those associated with life on Earth. Confirmation of the detectability of such signals requires better knowledge of the strength of circular polarization signals of biological sources and in particular of the angular distribution of their scattering.

scholarly journals Refinements in Polarized Light Microscopy

1950 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-237
Author(s):  
M. M. SWANN ◽  
J. M. MITCHISON
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Polarized Light Microscopy ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Photographic Method ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Mica Plate

Various measures to increase the sensitivity of the polarizing microscope for visual observation are discussed. These include choice of polarizing apparatus, reducing condenser and objective aperture, reducing lamp iris, blooming lenses, use of mica plate compensators and use of bright light sources. By such means as these it is possible to detect retardations down to 0.28 A., or 1/20,000th of a wave-length. A photographic method for measuring retardations down to the same limit in small biological objects, is also described. We are deeply indebted to Mr E. W. Taylor of Messrs Cooke, Troughton and Simms Ltd., for his great help in fitting our microscope with double Polaroids and a graduated compensator mount, as well as for blooming our lenses and making special low retardation mica plate compensators. We are also indebted to Dr L. E. R. Picken and Dr A. F. Hallimond for helpful suggestions at various stages of the work.

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