scholarly journals III. The proteids of serum

1884 ◽  
Vol 37 (232-234) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
The Other ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Sand Bath

The investigation of which this paper gives a brief summary relates to serum-albumin rather than to serum-globulin, and the experiments may be arranged in two categories: first, those relating to heat-coagulation; and secondly, those relating to the action of certain salts upon the proteids of blood-serum. The apparatus used for the determination of the temperature of the heat-coagulation of proteids was not that which has been usually employed for the purpose, and which consists of two beakers contain­ing water, one within the other, and heated gradually over a sand-bath; the substance under investigation being placed in a test-tube contained within the inner beaker. The chief objection to that method is that the rise of temperature in the water in the beakers takes place with extreme slowness, so that changes are apt to occur in the proteid during the experiment. To meet this difficulty an apparatus was devised by Professor Schäfer, which was found to be I extremely easy to use, and of which the great advantage consists in f the readiness with which a constant temperature is maintained for a s considerable time. It may be briefly described thus: the liquid of which one wishes to determine the temperature of coagulation is placed in a test-tube in sufficient quantity to cover the bulb of a thermometer put into it; the test-tube is placed in the neck of a flask containing water; this water is kept at the desired temperature by the following means. It is in the first place kept constantly running, entering by one tube and leaving the flask by another tube inserted as a T-piece in the upper part of the neck. The water is warmed by passing it through a coil of tubing contained in a vessel in which water is kept constantly boiling. By regulating the rate at which the water flows through this apparatus the desired temperature is maintained.

scholarly journals ON THE COMPOSITION OF URINARY ALBUMIN

1911 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-305
Author(s):  
Florentin Medigreceanu
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Chronic Nephritis ◽  
Uranium Nitrate

A few findings which seem to be of importance may be pointed out:— Table I shows the analytical figures of serum-albumin, serum-globulin, and fibrin of the normal dog. The main difference between albumin and globulin appears in the relation of the precipitable to the non-precipitable total nitrogen and amino-nitrogen. Precipitable total nitrogen as well as amino-nitrogen is considerably larger in the albumin than in the globulin. In the cases of uranium nitrate nephritis (table II), the important figures approximate very closely those of normal serum-albumin. The samples from dog 3, that had been poisoned at the same time with phosphorous oil and uranium nitrate, show relatively large variations as compared with the figures from specimens from the other dogs, chiefly as regards the amino-nitrogen distribution: i. e., in dog 3, (1) the amount of amino-nitrogen to the total nitrogen in the solution before precipitation is higher; (2) the percentage of precipitable amino-nitrogen is larger; and (3) the ratio of precipitable amino-nitrogen to precipitable total nitrogen exceeds that of the other cases. All these changes, together with the fact that the total precipitable nitrogen did not undergo any quantitative variation, suggest that in the case of dog 3 the analyzed material contained a higher amount of lysin or cystin. It may further be mentioned that the analytical figures in this case differ also from those of the normal serum-albumin and still more from those of the serum-globulin. These changes, however, were not found in the case of dog 4, although this animal was treated in the same manner as the preceding dog. In the cases of nephritis in man (table III), striking differences were met with in the case of acute scarlet fever nephritis (No. 1a) and in the case (No. 2) of a patient with chronic nephritis and Pott's disease. This patient died a few weeks after the specimen for analysis was collected. The autopsy showed a general amyloidosis. The variations in both cases consist in a lowering of the ratio of amino-nitrogen to total nitrogen in the solution before precipitation, and corresponding to this, a fall of the same ratio in the filterable nitrogen. Such a change points to a relatively larger amount of prolin and oxyprolin or tryptophan in these cases. As a whole, one may conclude that Van Slyke's method, carefully applied and sufficiently controlled, may also be used for the study of urinary albumin. The results already obtained indicate that definite differences in the composition of urinary "albumin" may be detected. As yet it is premature to establish a definite relationship between the chemical composition of the "albumin" and the clinical or pathological conditions under which it appears, but it seems hopeful that further work may lead to the finding of such a relationship.

scholarly journals Polarization fluoroimmunoassays of progesterone

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Kolosova ◽  
S. A. Yeremin ◽  
Ye. M. Gavrilova ◽  
A. M. Yegorov
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Model Solutions

A quick reliable homogenous polarization fluoroimmunoassay (PFIA) of progesterone was developed. The assay is carried out with Abbott TDx (USA) polarization fluorometer and it takes 5-7 min to analyze 10 samples by this method. The range of progesterone concentrations determined is 1 to 1000 ng/ml. Fluorescein labeled progesterone-3-carbo- xymethyloxime which was used as tracer (labeled antigen) during analysis has been synthesized and purified. Two types of PFIA were developed: one making use of rabbit antiserum to progesterone-3-carboxymethyloxime conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or keyhole limpet hemocianin (KLH), in the other antiserum to progesterone-11-hemisuccinate-BSA (or KLH) is used. Different combinations of the tracer and antibodies were used. The sensitivity of heterologous PFIA (with antibodies to immunogen heteroioguos to tracer by structure) was higher than that of homologous PFIA. The test is sufficienctly sensitive and specific. The method is particularly valuable for determination of progesterone in model solutions (using buffer standards).

Determination of Chloride in Blood Serum, Plasma, or Other Biologic Fluids by a New Rapid Precision Method

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
H V Malmstadt ◽  
J D Winefordner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Null Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potentiometric Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Precision Method ◽  
Chloride Determination ◽  
Complete Procedure ◽  
Relative Errors

Abstract The new, extremely sensitive and accurate precision null-point potentiometric method has been applied to the determination of chloride in blood serum or plasma and 2 simple procedures are described, one for deproteinized serum and the other for serum directly. Measurements of chloride in diluted serum samples containing only 0.02 ml. blood serum can be carried out in less than 1 minute by the precision null-point potentiometric method with relative errors less than 0.5% for the complete procedure. Sample manipulations and all other operations for the chloride determination require about 1 to 3 minutes, the longer time for deproteinizing the serum. The same procedure is suitable for chloride determinations in other biologic samples, and the general considerations are presented.

Determination of the lattice translation across {110} APBs in GaAs

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
D.R. Rasmussen ◽  
N.-H. Cho ◽  
C.B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Antiphase Boundary ◽  
The Other ◽  
Boundary Structure ◽  
Interface Plane ◽  
Inversion Symmetry ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Equilibrium Distance

Domains in GaAs can exist which are related to one another by the inversion symmetry, i.e., the sites of gallium and arsenic in one domain are interchanged in the other domain. The boundary between these two different domains is known as an antiphase boundary [1], In the terminology used to describe grain boundaries, the grains on either side of this boundary can be regarded as being Σ=1-related. For the {110} interface plane, in particular, there are equal numbers of GaGa and As-As anti-site bonds across the interface. The equilibrium distance between two atoms of the same kind crossing the boundary is expected to be different from the length of normal GaAs bonds in the bulk. Therefore, the relative position of each grain on either side of an APB may be translated such that the boundary can have a lower energy situation. This translation does not affect the perfect Σ=1 coincidence site relationship. Such a lattice translation is expected for all high-angle grain boundaries as a way of relaxation of the boundary structure.

Determination of the Burgers vector of a dislocation in a Fe-Mn alloy by weak-beam image in HVEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 330-331
Author(s):  
Y. Ishida ◽  
H. Ishida ◽  
K. Kohra ◽  
H. Ichinose
Keyword(s):  
High Order ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
The Other ◽  
Image Simulation ◽  
Diffraction Vector ◽  
Burgers Vector ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Beam Image ◽  
Edge Component

IntroductionA simple and accurate technique to determine the Burgers vector of a dislocation has become feasible with the advent of HVEM. The conventional image vanishing technique(1) using Bragg conditions with the diffraction vector perpendicular to the Burgers vector suffers from various drawbacks; The dislocation image appears even when the g.b = 0 criterion is satisfied, if the edge component of the dislocation is large. On the other hand, the image disappears for certain high order diffractions even when g.b ≠ 0. Furthermore, the determination of the magnitude of the Burgers vector is not easy with the criterion. Recent image simulation technique is free from the ambiguities but require too many parameters for the computation. The weak-beam “fringe counting” technique investigated in the present study is immune from the problems. Even the magnitude of the Burgers vector is determined from the number of the terminating thickness fringes at the exit of the dislocation in wedge shaped foil surfaces.

Procedures for the Quantitative Determination of Autoprothrombin C

1962 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 434-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmond R Cole ◽  
Ewa Marciniak ◽  
Walter H Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Plasma Sample ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Autoprothrombin C

SummaryTwo quantitative procedures for autoprothrombin C are described. In one of these purified prothrombin is used as a substrate, and the activity of autoprothrombin C can be measured even if thrombin is in the preparation. In this procedure a reaction mixture is used wherein the thrombin titer which develops in 20 minutes is proportional to the autoprothrombin C in the reaction mixture. A unit is defined as the amount which will generate 70 units of thrombin in the standardized reaction mixture. In the other method thrombin interferes with the result, because a standard bovine plasma sample is recalcified and the clotting time is noted. Autoprothrombin C shortens the clotting time, and the extent of this is a quantitative measure of autoprothrombin C activity.

Determination of Factor XIII Activity and of Factor XIII Inhibitors Using an Ammonium-Sensitive Electrode

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (02) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Hellstern ◽  
K Schilz ◽  
G von Blohn ◽  
E Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Factor Xiii Deficiency ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Stabilization Factor ◽  
Release Method ◽  
Sensitive Electrode

SummaryAn assay for rapid factor XIII activity measurement has been developed based on the determination of the ammonium released during fibrin stabilization. Factor XIII was activated by thrombin and calcium. Ammonium was measured by an ammonium-sensitive electrode. It was demonstrated that the assay procedure yields accurate and precise results and that factor XIII-catalyzed fibrin stabilization can be measured kinetically. The amount of ammonium released during the first 90 min of fibrin stabilization was found to be 7.8 ± 0.5 moles per mole fibrinogen, which is in agreement with the findings of other authors. In 15 normal subjects and in 15 patients suffering from diseases with suspected factor XIII deficiency there was a satisfactory correlation between the results obtained by the “ammonium-release-method”, Bohn’s method, and the immunological assay (r1 = 0.65; r2= 0.70; p<0.01). In 3 of 5 patients with paraproteinemias the values of factor XIII activity determined by the ammonium-release method were markedly lower than those estimated by the other methods. It could be shown that inhibitor mechanisms were responsible for these discrepancies.

Ethics in the Judiciary System of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Mehedi Imam
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Ethical Knowledge ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Independent Judiciary ◽  
Role Players ◽  
High Level

In Bangladesh, demand for judicial independence in practice has been a much debated issue and the demand is fulfilled but expectation of people is not only limited to have an independent judiciary but to have an impartial system and cadre of people, which will administer justice rationally being free from fear or force. The independence of judiciary and the impartial judicial practice are related concepts, one cannot sustain without the other and here existence as well as the need of practicing impartiality is well recognized. But the art of practicing impartiality does not develop overnight as it’s related to development of one’s attitude. It takes a considerable time resulting from understanding, appreciating and acknowledging the moral values, ethics and professional responsibility. The judiciary includes Judges, Advocates mostly who are expected to demonstrate a high level of moral values and impartiality towards people seeking justice and ‘rule of law’. This is true that bench officers and clerks are also part of the process to ensure rule of law with same level of participation by the law enforcing agencies such as police. However the paper includes only those who either join judiciary as Judge/Magistrate or Advocate to explore level and extent of ethical knowledge they receive being key role players of the system. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v1i2.9628 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2010; 1(2): 34-36

Polarographic study of hydrolysis of [8-lysine]vasopressin and its derivatives with blood serum of pregnant women

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikuláš Chavko ◽  
Michal Bartík ◽  
Evžen Kasafírek
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Polarographic Study ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Lysine Vasopressin ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Vasopressin Analogues

A polarographic study of the hydrolysis of [8-lysine]vasopressin and some hormonogens of the vasopressin series with the blood serum of women in the last week of pregnancy was studied. The dependence of hydrolysis on pH (pH optimum: 7.4-7.50, substrate concentration (Km 1.2 . 10-5M), pH stability and thermal stability were determined. The rate of hydrolysis of individual vasopressin analogues decreases in the order: [8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-glycyl-prolyl[8-lysine]-vasopressin > Nα-leucyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-alanyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-phenyl alanyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-diglycyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-prolyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-triglycyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin > Nα-sarcosyl-glycyl-[8-lysine]vasopressin. The degree of hydrolysis gradually increases to a multiple with the length of the pregnancy in consequence of the presence of oxytocine. However, vasopressin is also hydrolysed to a small extent with the enzymes from the blood sera of non-pregnant women. Under similar analytical conditions oxytocin was not hydrolysed with the sera of non-pregnant women and therefore oxytocin is a more suitable substrate than vasopressin for polarographic determination of serum oxytocinase.

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