scholarly journals On electrostatic screening by gratings, nets, or perforated sheets of conducting material

1891 ◽  
Vol 49 (296-301) ◽  
pp. 405-418
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Conducting Material ◽  
Plate Xiii ◽  
Electricity And Magnetism ◽  
Perforated Sheets ◽  
Lines Of Force

1. Maxwell, in his “Theory of a Grating of Parallel Wires” (‘Electricity and Magnetism,’ Arts. 203— 205, and Plate XIII), gives a very valuable and interesting two-dimensional investigation of electrostatic screening, and a most instructive diagram of “Lines of Force near a Grating,” which powerfully helps to understand and extend the theory, and to acquit it of an accusation wrongly made against it in the last two sentences of Art, 205.

Models, structure, and generality in Clerk Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Darrigol
Keyword(s):  
Physical Theory ◽  
Electromagnetic Theory ◽  
System Of Equations ◽  
Structural Requirements ◽  
Electricity And Magnetism ◽  
Lagrangian Form ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
William Thomson ◽  
Fundamental Equations ◽  
Lines Of Force

This article examines the gradual development of James Clerk Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory, arguing that he aimed at general structures through his models, illustrations, formal analogies, and scientific metaphors. It also considers a few texts in which Maxwell expounds his conception of physical theories and their relation to mathematics. Following a discussion of Maxwell’s extension of an analogy invented by William Thomson in 1842, the article analyzes Maxwell’s geometrical expression of Michael Faraday’s notion of lines of force. It then revisits Maxwell’s honeycomb model that he used to obtain his system of equations and the concomitant unification of electricity, magnetism, and optics. It also explores Maxwell’s view about the Lagrangian form of the fundamental equations of a physical theory. It shows that Maxwell was guided by general structural requirements that were inspired by partial and temporary models; these requirements were systematically detailed in Maxwell’s 1873 Treatise on electricity and magnetism.

Complex Number and Two-Dimensional Mechanics. II

1956 ◽  
Vol 40 (333) ◽  
pp. 197-199
Author(s):  
F. Chorlton
Keyword(s):  
Complex Number ◽  
Complex Variable ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Powerful Technique ◽  
Electricity And Magnetism ◽  
Contemporary Writers

Contemporary writers of textbooks on electricity and magnetism and on hydrodynamics make considerable use of the complex variable in two-dimensional problems. It seems strange that two-dimensional dynamics is not taught in this way, even though the application of vectors to three-dimensional dynamics has now become respectable. Mr. Buckley's article preceding this has shown how the basic results may be established. The following examples are further indications of how this powerful technique may be profitably employed in two-dimensional kinematics. The methods are essentially labour-saving.

Eddy currents in thin circular cylinders of uniform conductivity, due to periodically changing magnetic fields, in two dimensions

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 901-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Current ◽  
Eddy Currents ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Circular Cylinders ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Total Field ◽  
Current Field ◽  
Conducting Material ◽  
Eddy Current Losses ◽  
Three Phase

The paper deals with the eddy currents in thin circular cylinders of uniform conducting material, due to periodic currents in conductors lying parallel to the axis of the cylinder, or to the rotation of the cylinder in a two-dimensional field of force. The first of these problems was discussed by Mr M. B. Field in a paper entitled “Eddy current losses in three-phase cable sheaths,” read before the British Association at their Cambridge meeting in 1904. The solution proposed, however, although probably sufficient for the object, is mathematically defective, in that the field due to the current carried by the cable is assumed as the total field, the effect of the eddy-current field on the eddy currents themselves being left out of account.

IX. Lines of induction in a magnetic field

1901 ◽  
Vol 195 (262-273) ◽  
pp. 303-327 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Circular Cylinder ◽  
Viscous Liquid ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Transparent Medium ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
Stream Lines ◽  
Lines Of Force

The following paper, which is partly experimental and partly mathematical, has arisen from the discovery that two-dimensional cases of magnetic lines of force could apparently be represented by the flow of a viscous liquid.* The original experiments upon which this assumption was made, showed that the stream lines which were obtained by the method in question, gave results very similar to those which had been calculated and plotted for the cases of an elliptical and circular cylinder. In order to ascertain definitely that the stream lines under these circum­stances actually gave the exact position and direction of the corresponding magnetic lines of force, a result which, if verified, could be used for many practical investi­gations—it was necessary to undertake a long research dealing with the various points involved, a research which has proved extremely laborious, extending without intermission over a period of nearly two years. In the first place it was necessary to devise some method by which a thin sheet of transparent or semi-transparent medium could be obtained of any required thickness, and on which, when placed between two sheets of glass, the required section of the body to be investigated could be formed.

Graphene Oxide as a Two-dimensional Surfactant

2011 ◽  
Vol 1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Koltonow ◽  
Jaemyung Kim ◽  
Laura J. Cote ◽  
Jiayan Luo ◽  
Jiaxing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Electronic Materials ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Conducting Material ◽  
Organic Electronic ◽  
Organic Electronic Materials ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
Intense Research ◽  
Bulk Production

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) is a nonstoichiometric two-dimensional material obtained from the chemical oxidation and exfoliation of graphite, which has recently attracted intense research interest as a precursor for bulk production of graphene. GO has long been believed to be hydrophilic due to its dispersibility in water. Recent work in our group, however, has found that GO is actually a two-dimensional amphiphile; the edge of the sheet-like material is hydrophilic, while the basal plane of the material contains more hydrophobic graphitic nanodomains. To prove the concept, we demonstrate GO’s surface activity at an air-water interface, as well as its utility in dispersing insoluble aromatic materials such as toluene, graphite, and carbon nanotubes in water. As a colloidal surfactant which can be converted to a conducting material, GO presents unique possibilities for aqueous solution processing of organic electronic materials.

Spectrophotometric measurements of objective-prism spectra

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
Th. Schmidt-Kaler
Keyword(s):  
Progress Report ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Objective Prism ◽  
Made In

I should like to give you a very condensed progress report on some spectrophotometric measurements of objective-prism spectra made in collaboration with H. Leicher at Bonn. The procedure used is almost completely automatic. The measurements are made with the help of a semi-automatic fully digitized registering microphotometer constructed by Hög-Hamburg. The reductions are carried out with the aid of a number of interconnected programmes written for the computer IBM 7090, beginning with the output of the photometer in the form of punched cards and ending with the printing-out of the final two-dimensional classifications.

Introductory paper

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
W. W. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Line Intensity ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Dimensional Array ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Metallic Line ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Parameter Varying ◽  
Definition Of

1. The definition of “normal” stars in spectral classification changes with time; at the time of the publication of theYerkes Spectral Atlasthe term “normal” was applied to stars whose spectra could be fitted smoothly into a two-dimensional array. Thus, at that time, weak-lined spectra (RR Lyrae and HD 140283) would have been considered peculiar. At the present time we would tend to classify such spectra as “normal”—in a more complicated classification scheme which would have a parameter varying with metallic-line intensity within a specific spectral subdivision.

A one-dimensional self-gravitating stellar gas

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 46-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lecar
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Phase Space ◽  
Motion Picture ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Phase Space Distribution ◽  
Dimensional Phase Space ◽  
The Mean

“Dynamical mixing”, i.e. relaxation of a stellar phase space distribution through interaction with the mean gravitational field, is numerically investigated for a one-dimensional self-gravitating stellar gas. Qualitative results are presented in the form of a motion picture of the flow of phase points (representing homogeneous slabs of stars) in two-dimensional phase space.

Analysis of the 9th November 1990 flare

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
Anita Joshi ◽  
Wahab Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Temporal Behaviour ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Dimensional Measurements ◽  
Processing Software ◽  
Image Processing Software

AbstractIn this paper we present complete two-dimensional measurements of the observed brightness of the 9th November 1990Hαflare, using a PDS microdensitometer scanner and image processing software MIDAS. The resulting isophotal contour maps, were used to describe morphological-cum-temporal behaviour of the flare and also the kernels of the flare. Correlation of theHαflare with SXR and MW radiations were also studied.

High Resolution Microscopy of Multi-Layered Biological Crystals

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
H.A. Cohen ◽  
T.W. Jeng ◽  
W. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Density Maps ◽  
Density Map ◽  
Complex Crystal ◽  
High Resolution Microscopy

This tutorial will discuss the methodology of low dose electron diffraction and imaging of crystalline biological objects, the problems of data interpretation for two-dimensional projected density maps of glucose embedded protein crystals, the factors to be considered in combining tilt data from three-dimensional crystals, and finally, the prospects of achieving a high resolution three-dimensional density map of a biological crystal. This methodology will be illustrated using two proteins under investigation in our laboratory, the T4 DNA helix destabilizing protein gp32*I and the crotoxin complex crystal.

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