scholarly journals On the capacity for heat of water between the freezing and boiling points, together with a determination of the mechanical equivalent of heat in terms of the international electrical units.―Experiments by the continuous-flow method of calorimetry performed in the Macdonald Physical Laboratory of McGill University, Montreal

1901 ◽  
Vol 67 (435-441) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
Complete Work ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mcgill University ◽  
Continuous Flow Method

At the Toronto meeting of the British Association in 1897, a new method of calorimetry was proposed by Professor Callendar and the author for the determination of the specific heat of a liquid in term of the international electrical units. At the Dover meeting ii September, 1899, some of the general results obtained with the method for water over a part of the range between 0° and 100 were communicated, with a general discussion of the bearing of the experiments to the work of other observers. In the present paper the author gives a summary of the complete work, in the case of water, to determine the thermal capacity at different temperatures between the freezing and boiling points.

scholarly journals III. On the capacity for heat of water between the freezing and boiling-points, together with a determination of the mechanical equivalent of heat in terms of the international electrical units.—Experiments the continuous-flow method of calorimetry, performed the Macdonald Physical Laboratory of McGill University, Montreal

1902 ◽  
Vol 199 (312-320) ◽  
pp. 149-263 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Determination ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Thermal Unit ◽  
Mechanical Equivalent ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mcgill University ◽  
Complete Series

The unsatisfactory state of our knowledge of the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat and, inseparably connected therewith, of the capacity for heat of water, is the more surprising when we consider the large number of physicists who have devoted their attention to this subject during the century just closed. Since the remarkable pioneer experiments of Count Rumford, undertaken just 100 years ago, to determine the nature of heat, the subject has been advanced step by step by different investigators. Conspicuous among these we may mention Begnault, who gave us the first idea of the mode of the variation of the specific heat of water with temperature, without, however, giving us any knowledge of the mechanical equivalent of heat; Joule, who gave us the first measurements of the mechanical equivalent without attempting to study the thermal unit at different temperatures; Rowtland, who by the remarkable accuracy of his experiments gave us not only a direct determination of the mechanical equivalent, but also the variation of the thermal unit over a limited range. More recently we have the exceedingly careful experiments of Miculescu, of Griffiths, of Schuster and Gannon, and of Reynolds and Moorby. It is evident from only a cursory glance at the work of these and the host of other investigators, that the science of calorimetry must he regarded as incomplete and approximate so long as its fundamental unit remains in doubt. To obtain, as is urgently needed, a complete series of determinations of the capacity for heat of water over the entire range of temperature is manifestly impossible by the older methods of calorimetry. A new method has long been required, more completely free from the influence of extraneous surrounding conditions.

Improved continuous-flow (SMAC) determination of serum albumin.

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1191-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Cederblad ◽  
B E Hickey ◽  
A Hollender ◽  
G Akerlund
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Green Method ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Continuous Flow Method ◽  
Bromcresol Green

Abstract The albumin values determined by the bromcresol green methods do not compare well with values by more specific methods for albumin determination. The discrepancies have been related to, among other things, acute-phase reactants and are especially pronounced in the lower albumin range. These disadvantages are also inherent in a routine continuous-flow method for albumin (SMAC). The bromcresol green method has been improved considerably by shortening the reaction time before the absorbance is measured, as is described here. The modified method yields values that better agree with those by more specific methods and an influence of acute-phase reactants is no longer observed.

Direct enzymatic determination of urea in plasma and urine with a centrifugal analyzer.

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1614-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Bretaudiere ◽  
H T Phung ◽  
M Bailly
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Kinetic Scheme ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Enzymatic Determination ◽  
Coupled Reactions ◽  
Continuous Flow Method ◽  
Enzymatic Micromethod

Abstract A direct enzymatic micromethod (sample volume, 3mul) has been adapted to the centrifugal analyzer (ENI-GEMSAEC) for measurement of urea in plasma and urine. The method is based on urease (urea amidohydrolase, EC3.5.1.5)/glutamate dehydrogenase [l-glutamate:NAD(P)+oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC1.41.3] coupled reactions, and uses a two-point fixed-time (t(1)=20s,t(2)=50s)kinetic scheme for monitoring the rate of comsumption of NADH at 340 nm. Sensitivity and precision of the method are excellent,and results compare well with those from a commonly used continuous-flow method.

scholarly journals XX.—On the Thermal Conductivity and Specific Heat of Manganese-Steel

1890 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Crichton Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
General Opinion ◽  
Made In

Until a few years ago it was the general opinion among metallurgists that the presence of manganese in steel exceeding the proportion of 1 per cent, is prejudicial to the value of the steel, inasmuch as a higher percentage of manganese has the effect of lowering markedly its tensile strength and toughness. But in 1884, Messrs Hadfield & Company, of the Hecla Steel Works, Sheffield, exhibited, at a meeting of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers, a number of samples of steel containing upwards of 10 to 15 per cent, of manganese, and submitted the results of experiments, which showed that the samples were, in point of tensile strength and hardness, in no way inferior to steel. Again, in 1888, Mr R. A. Hadfield read to the Institute a paper on the subject, giving the details of a large number of tests, which brought to light some interesting mechanical properties of alloys of manganese and iron. Since its introduction, these alloys (and particularly that containing 10 to 15 per cent, of manganese, known as “manganese-steel”) have been studied by several physicists, and further peculiarities have been found. It appeared desirable that the thermal conductivity of so peculiar a substance should be investigated. The present paper is an account of experiments made in the Physical Laboratory, Edinburgh University, with a view to the determination of its thermal conductivity. In the reduction of such experiments a knowledge of the specific heat is necessary, hence there is also given an account of experiments whereby the specific heat was determined.

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