scholarly journals XII. Some anomalies in the winds of Northern India, and their relation to the distribution of barometric pressure

1887 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 335-378 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
General Review ◽  
Northern India ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western ◽  
Made In

In the 13 years which have elapsed since Mr. Blanford published his paper on the Winds of Northern India, very great additions have been made to our knowledge of the meteorology of the country. The carefully organised system of observations, commenced in Bengal and the North-Western Provinces, has been extended to include the whole of India, and placed under the direction of Mr. Blanford himself, aided by local officers in all the larger provinces. Verified instruments have been supplied to all the stations, and the elevations of these above sea-level have been determined by connecting them with the lines of spirit-levelling, carried inland from the coast, in various directions, by the officers of the Great Trigonometrical Survey; or, where this was impracticable, by spirit-levelling to some of the trigonometrical stations of the Survey. In this way, trust worthy and intercomparable series of barometric observations, extending over ten years or more, have been obtained for all the more important stations. At the same time, the diurnal variations of the barometer at certain selected stations have been determined by long-continued series of hourly observations, with the object of enabling us to reduce the readings made in the ordinary way (usually at 10 a. m. and 4 p. m.) to time daily means. Simultaneously with the collection of this immense quantity of accurate and reliable barometric data, observations have been made of temperature, humidity, cloud, wind, and rain. Latterly also barometric and wind charts of the Bay of Bengal have been prepared from observations made on board ships navigating those waters. During these 13 years, the winds prevailing over the Indian continent and the Bay of Bengal, and their relations to the distribution of pressure at sea-level, have been discussed from time to time, both in their normal aspects for each month or season and in their abnormal or disturbed conditions during the passage of storms. The latter conditions in particular have been very fully described by Mr. Eliot in his numerous reports on cyclones in the Bay of Bengal, while the former have been noticed in the annual reports on the meteorology of India, in occasional papers appearing in the ‘Indian Meteorological Memoirs,' and latterly in a broad and general review in Mr. Blanford’s great monograph on the Rainfall of India.

Sidi Khrebish Excavations, Benghazi, 1972-73

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Director General ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Active Interest ◽  
The City ◽  
North Western

A full account of the Society's involvement with the emergency excavations at Sidi Khrebish, Benghazi, is contained in the Annual Reports for 1970–1 and 1971–2. In November 1972, at the invitation of the Libyan Department of Antiquities, the Society sent out a fresh team of archaeologists to begin the new season's excavations. Work has since continued uninterrupted until the time of writing (1 July 1973) and is due to finish at the end of September.The preservation of the site from redevelopment for another year owes a great deal to the keen and active interest of the late Director-General of Antiquities, Mr Awad Sadawya, and the success of the expedition is greatly indebted to his efforts. We owe our thanks also to the officials of the Department of Antiquities whose sustained good will and co-operation has helped us greatly over this long period. In particular Mr Mohammed Nemri, Acting Director-General of Antiquities, Mr Abdulhamid Abdussaid, Controller of Antiquities for the Benghazi area, and Mr Ali Salem Letrik, Deputy Controller of Antiquities for Benghazi have taken full part in what has always been a team operation.The disused Turkish cemetery of Sidi Khrebish lies close to the sea, a short distance to the north of the bustling commercial heart of modern Benghazi (see Fig. 1). It covers part of the north-western outskirts of the city of Berenice, founded in 247 B.C., the Hellenistic and Roman successor to the Hellenic city of Euesperides. The major part of the city lies to the south and to the east of the cemetery, under the mixture of Turkish, Italian and more recent buildings which form the modern town.

Measurement of factors impairing gas exchange in man with hyperbaric pressure

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lenfant
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Dissociation Curve ◽  
Group Of Units ◽  
Hyperbaric Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Difference ◽  
Made In

Alveoli with very low ventilation/perfusion ratios (Va/Q) contribute capillary blood with venous saturation to the mixed arterial stream. The portion of the alveolar arterial oxygen difference (A-a Do2) due to these units with very low Va/Q ratios cannot be differentiated from that due to an anatomical shunt at ambient pressures. By raising the barometric pressure to such a level that venous blood is saturated, the O2 dissociation curve no longer affects the A-a Do2 measurement, and the differentiation can be made. In the present experiments 75% O2 was inspired at sea level and at a depth equivalent to 2.6 atm. The A-aD was measured for O2, CO2 and N2. In seven out of eight subjects A-a Do2 and A-a Dn2 varied when the barometric pressure was increased. A theoretical analysis showed that the results can be interpreted on the basis of a bimodal distribution of Va/Q composed of a large group of well-ventilated alveoli and of a small group of units having an undeterminable Va/Q. The shunt calculated from the total A-a Do2 at sea level was 3.47% of the total cardiac output. When the A-a Do2 due to Va/Q (i.e., A-a Dco2 + A-a Dn2) was subtracted from the total A-a Do2 the shunt was 1.78%. At 2.6 atm that part of the total A-a Do2 found to be due to shunt was 0.8%, or 25% of the shunt estimated at sea level from the pure O2 technique. pulmonary shunts; ventilation/perfusion distribution; diving; hyperbarism Submitted on June 24, 1963

scholarly journals Forecasting sea level fluctuations caused by storm winds at the ports in Odesa Region of the north-western part of the Black Sea

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Tuchkovenko ◽  
O. S. Matygin ◽  
V. Yu. Chepurna
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
The North ◽  
Operational Forecasting ◽  
Forecast Lead Time ◽  
North Western

Increasing the draught of ships that may be accepted by ports for loading at their loading berths is one of the main tasks aimed at development and freight turnover enhancement of sea trade ports located in Odesa Region of the north-western part of the Black Sea (cities of Chornomorsk, Odesa and Pivdennyi). An operational forecasting of short-term sea level fluctuations caused by storm winds presents a critical task for ensuring safe navigation across the ports’ water area and approach channels. The article is devoted to analysing and discussing the results of tests of a simplified 2D hydrodynamic model designed for forecasting such phenomena as upsurge and downsurge of the sea level caused by storm winds in the vicinity of sea ports in Odesa Region of the north-western part of the Black Sea. Spatio-temporal variability of wind conditions at the sea-to-atmosphere boundary was set based on the data retrieved from a 10-day synoptic forecast using global atmospheric prediction model GFS (Global Forecast System). The study analyses the results of forecast of significant (the ones exceeding 30 cm) short-term sea level drops and rises at the ports which were observed in 2016, 2017 and 2020. It was established that, in case of use of the GFS forecast data, the pattern of sea level denivellations caused by storm winds and their amplitude in the majority of events start approximating to the observed values provided the forecast has a 4-day lead time. Therefore the accuracy of wind conditions variability forecast with application of the GFS model having a longer lead advance time is not sufficient for forecasting the sea level fluctuations caused by storm winds.  The study made it possible to get an acceptable equivalence between the values of sea level denivellation amplitudes which were forecast with a 1-to-3-day lead time and the ones observed afterwards. In particular, when the forecast lead time is equal to »2 days, in relation to the expected storm conditions, the average absolute error for the forecast of sea level fluctuations amplitude constituted 7-8 cm, while its permissible value was defined as 15 cm, and the average relative error – 16-18%. It allowed making a conclusion that a hydrodynamic model option, applied alongside with the forecasting information on wind conditions variability retrieved with the help of the GFS weather prediction model, may be used for operational forecasting of short-term sea level fluctuations caused by storm winds with the forecast lead time of up to 4 days.

Recent Advances in Temperate Fruit Crop Improvement

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Verma ◽  
Javid Iqbal Mir ◽  
Shiv Lal ◽  
Tanushree Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Western ◽  
Made In ◽  
Indian Scenario

Globally India is the second largest producer of fruits; however the productivity is significantly low as compared to advanced countries. The majority of the temperate fruits and nuts are being cultivated in the north-western Himalayan and small areas are lies in north eastern parts. High altitude and temperate regions are capable to produce good quality fruits. But the foothill where the chilling is insufficient adversely affects the yield and quality. In India, majority of the temperate fruits were introduced from other parts of the world and some are indigenous to India like walnuts and wild apple species. Therefore, the improvement of the temperate fruits and nuts were taken place mainly through introduction of promising cultivars. The exotic cultivars are still the backbone of fruit production in India particularly for apple, pear, peach, plum and cherry. Promising varieties were introduced from USA, UK, Germany, Italy, France, Australia, New Zealand, Hungary and Bulgaria and were evaluated for commercial exploitation. However, in walnutand almonds, production is mainly from Indigenous cultivars/ local land races. These consisted of non-descriptive trees and highly variable in yield and quality traits. Recently, several varieties have been developed in India in apple, peach, plum, apricot, cherry and walnut. The potential of these varieties are immense for commercial exploitation. The paper attempt to document the accomplishment made in temperate fruit and nut improvement in perspective to Indian Scenario. The information is valuable for breeders and academician for further studies.

scholarly journals Holocene sea-level history and coastal evolution of the north-western Fenland, eastern England

2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Brew ◽  
Benjamin P. Horton ◽  
Graham Evans ◽  
James B. Innes ◽  
Ian Shennan
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Evolution ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western ◽  
Holocene Sea Level

Further Discoveries of Flint Implements in the Brown Boulder Clay of North-West Norfolk

1932 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Reid Moir
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Prehistoric Archaeology ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
North West ◽  
Terminal Moraine ◽  
The North ◽  
Boulder Clay ◽  
Western Portion ◽  
North Western

Since my original paper on the flint implements found in the Brown Boulder Clay of north-west Norfolk, I have continued my researches in that region, and now wish to give some account of these, and of the further specimens which have been discovered in this most recent boulder clay of East Anglia. I would take this opportunity of thanking the Trustees of the Percy Sladen Fund for their kindness in supporting this research with a money grant, and so enabling me to continue my examination of an era of much interest and importance to prehistoric archæology. I am also very grateful to my friends, Mr. J. B. Calkin, Mr. Guy Maynard, and Mr. J. S. Fisher, for the valuable help they have given me in carrying out the investigation of the Brown Boulder Clay.As is now widely known, this deposit, so far as Norfolk is concerned, is confined to the north-western portion of that county, and many years ago was examined and reported upon by the Geological Survey in two of their memoırs. The Brown Boulder Clay occurs approximately at sea-level at Hunstanton, while at Brancaster, as reported by Mr. Clement Reid, the deposit is exposed at low water upon the foreshore, underlying the ‘submerged forest’ which he saw there. At other places, such as Holkham brickfield, and the remarkable formation (probably a terminal moraine) in Hunstanton Park, the boulder clay rests at about 50 ft, above O.D.

Further effects of manurial treatments on yield, composition and nutrient uptake of potato tubers, and on soil properties (1976–9)

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Sharma ◽  
J. S. Grewal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

The efficient use of fertilizers is important because fertilizers are one of the costliest inputs in crop production. Compared with N fertilizers, P and K fertilizers are subject to less leaching and leave sufficient residues in the soil, which are utilized by the succeeding crop. Thus a knowledge of the residual effects of P and K fertilizers is essential when formulating a fertilizer programme. In order to test the 1st year residual as well as longer-term effects of P, K and farmyard manure (FYM) on tuber yield and soil properties, a manurial experiment was started in 1970 on an acid hill soil at Fagu, Shimla representing the North Western Himalayan hills of India, at an elevation of 2500 m above sea level. The results of the experiment from 1970 to 1975 have been reported by Sharma, Grewal & Singh (1980) and the results from 1976 to 1979 are reported in this paper.

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