scholarly journals Spectroscopic measurement of the vapour pressure of ice

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1968) ◽  
pp. 2509-2519 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bielska ◽  
D. K. Havey ◽  
G. E. Scace ◽  
D. Lisak ◽  
J. T. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Spectroscopic Measurement ◽  
Laser Measurements ◽  
Laser Absorption ◽  
Hexagonal Ice ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Saturation Vapour Pressure ◽  
Strong Transition ◽  
Absorption Technique

We present a laser absorption technique to measure the saturation vapour pressure of hexagonal ice. This method is referenced to the triple-point state of water and uses frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy to probe four rotation–vibration transitions of at wavenumbers near 7180 cm −1 . Laser measurements are made at the output of a temperature-regulated standard humidity generator, which contains ice. The dynamic range of the technique is extended by measuring the relative intensities of three weak/strong transition pairs at fixed ice temperature and humidity concentration. Our results agree with a widely used thermodynamically derived ice vapour pressure correlation over the temperature range 0 ° C to −70 ° C to within 0.35 per cent.

scholarly journals Observation of a highly conductive warm dense state of water with ultrafast pump–probe free-electron-laser measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 054401
Author(s):  
Z. Chen ◽  
X. Na ◽  
C. B. Curry ◽  
S. Liang ◽  
M. French ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Pump Probe ◽  
Laser Measurements ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Dense State

scholarly journals The state of water in muscle and blood and the osmotic behaviour of muscle

1930 ◽  
Vol 106 (746) ◽  
pp. 477-505 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
The State ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Normal Manner ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Osmotic Behaviour

In the course of the investigation described in the preceding paper by Hill and Kupalov it became necessary to determine the amount of “free” water in muscle, i.e. , the weight of water per gramme of muscle which is capable of dissolving in a normal manner (with the normal depression of vapour pressure) substances added to it. For many years, chiefly on the evidence of the experiments of Overton (1902), it has been commonly supposed that a large proportion of the water of muscle exists in some “bound” form, incapable of taking part in the osmotic changes which occur when the tissue is immersed in hypoor hyper-tonic solutions. From the fact that a muscle swells to much less than twice its initial weight when immersed in a solution of half the initial osmotic pressure Overton concluded “dass nicht das gesammte im Muskel befindliche Wasser in der Form eines Lösungsmittels enthalten sein kann.” I have confirmed Overton’s experiments (see below) but believe that a very different explanation of them is necessary.

Observation of cavitation inception in separating water flows through constricted channels

2009 ◽  
Vol 223 (9) ◽  
pp. 2071-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Washio ◽  
S Fujiyoshi ◽  
S Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Separation Point ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Cavitation Inception ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Saturation Vapour Pressure ◽  
Very High

The research group including two of the present authors previously discovered a surprising phenomenon in oil flows through constricted channels; at a certain flowrate when there is no cavitation occurring, an infinitesimal cavity suddenly emerges on the wall where the flow separates. The newborn cavity grows and splits releasing many minute bubbles to downstream, as the flowrate increases. To see if this phenomenon occurs in water too, water flows through rectangular and cylindrical constrictions have been meticulously observed with very high resolution in terms of both time and space. As a result it has been confirmed that the same phenomenon does occur in separating water flows as well, although the developing process of a newborn cavity in water flows is different from that in oil flows probably depending on a large difference in Reynolds numbers between both flows. When the flowrate is substantially increased from that for the cavity inception, a large attached cavity is formed on the wall just downstream of the separation point, as it occurred in corresponding oil flows. The pressure inside the cavity has proved to be almost equal to the saturation vapour pressure of water.

Effects of increasing saturation vapour pressure deficit on growth and ABA levels in black spruce and jack pine

Trees ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan B. Darlington ◽  
Anna Halinska ◽  
James F. Dat ◽  
T. J. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Saturation Vapour Pressure
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