Education vs. motivation: Preventing chronic disease and making long-term behaviour change

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Saunders ◽  
Nicole Dunn ◽  
Darren Brereton ◽  
Casie Nishi ◽  
Carrie Solmundson
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Behaviour Change

Idiopathic venous thrombosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 52-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Kyrle
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Clinical Benefit ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Antithrombin Deficiency ◽  
Optimal Duration ◽  
Risk Of Treatment

SummaryVenous thrombosis is a chronic disease with a recurrence rate of approximately 30% within 5-8 years. The optimal duration of secondary thromboprophylaxis in these patients entails balancing the risk of recurrence against the risk of treatment-associated bleeding. There is agreement that patients with a first idiopathic venous thrombosis should receive vitamin K antagonists for at least 3-6 months. Convincing trials showing a clinical benefit in terms of morbidity or mortality with respect to expansion of anticoagulation beyond 6 months are lacking. Nevertheless, some subgroups of patients with venous thrombosis may benefit from indefinite anticoagulation. Thus, patients with antithrombin deficiency, combined or homozygous defects, more than one unprovoked episode of thrombosis, the lupus anticoagulant or high factor VIII plasma levels are good candidates for long-term prevention.

No Longer Disabled: The Legal Impact of the New Social Construction of HIV

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-43
Author(s):  
Wendy E. Parmet ◽  
Daniel J. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Terminal Disease ◽  
Hiv Epidemic

The second social construction of HIV disease has begun. In the first fifteen years of the HIV epidemic, many viewed the disease “as the modern plague.” Now, as the epidemic matures and new “miracle treatments" are heralded, the disease is beginning to conjure a very different set of images. Where once AIDS was dreaded as the inexplicable cataclysm of the end of the millennium, now, as the virus appears amenable to treatment, we are beginning to see the disease as something both preventable and controllable, no longer beyond human direction. And, where the disease was once synonymous with death, disability, and decline, we now witness stories of miracle recoveries and long-term survival. In the minds of many, the terminal disease has become the chronic disease; the dreaded plague has become but another social problem.In most respects, the new social construction of HIV, emerging from the advent of potentially effective medical interventions, is a positive development.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Digital Tools for Weight Loss Maintenance: The NoHoW Project

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
R. James Stubbs ◽  
Cristiana Duarte ◽  
António L. Palmeira ◽  
Falko F. Sniehotta ◽  
Graham Horgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behavioural Science ◽  
Digital Architecture

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Effective interventions and commercial programmes for weight loss (WL) are widely available, but most people regain weight. Few effective WL maintenance (WLM) solutions exist. The most promising evidence-based behaviour change techniques for WLM are self-monitoring, goal setting, action planning and control, building self-efficacy, and techniques that promote autonomous motivation (e.g., provide choice). Stress management and emotion regulation techniques show potential for prevention of relapse and weight regain. Digital technologies (including networked-wireless tracking technologies, online tools and smartphone apps, multimedia resources, and internet-based support) offer attractive tools for teaching and supporting long-term behaviour change techniques. However, many digital offerings for weight management tend not to include evidence-based content and the evidence base is still limited. <b><i>The Project:</i></b> First, the project examined why, when, and how many European citizens make WL and WLM attempts and how successful they are. Second, the project employed the most up-to-date behavioural science research to develop a digital toolkit for WLM based on 2 key conditions, i.e., self-management (self-regulation and motivation) of behaviour and self-management of emotional responses for WLM. Then, the NoHoW trial tested the efficacy of this digital toolkit in adults who achieved clinically significant (≥5%) WL in the previous 12 months (initial BMI ≥25). The primary outcome was change in weight (kg) at 12 months from baseline. Secondary outcomes included biological, psychological, and behavioural moderators and mediators of long-term energy balance (EB) behaviours, and user experience, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness. <b><i>Impact:</i></b> The project will directly feed results from studies on European consumer behaviour, design and evaluation of digital toolkits self-management of EB behaviours into development of new products and services for WLM and digital health. The project has developed a framework and digital architecture for interventions in the context of EB tracking and will generate results that will help inform the next generation of personalised interventions for effective self-management of weight and health.

Benefits of mindful compassion for staff, patients and carers

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (17) ◽  
pp. s22-s29
Author(s):  
Paula Lowson
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Long Term Effect

Aims and objective: This study intended to examine the long-term effect on the emotional wellbeing and behaviour change of staff, patients and carers who attended a one-day Macmillan course on mindful compassion. Methods: People who attended mindful compassion study days in 2016 and 2017 were invited to participate in an online questionnaire in 2019. Results: Nearly 50% (99) of the 200 people who received the invitation completed the survey. Immediately after the course, 38.78% practised mindful compassion as and when required, 28.57% practised when possible, 15.31% practised daily, 13.27% practised 3–4 times a week and 3.5% were not practising. More than half (56%) used mindful compassion to help with home and work life, relationships and family. Two or three years after the course, when asked again, 15.31% of those who answered still practised daily, 11.22% practised 3–4 times a week, 23.47% practised as and when possible and 42.86% did so as needed; 7.14% had not continued practising. Conclusion: Training in mindful compassion benefits patients and carers. In both the short and long terms, mindful compassion was found to reduce anxiety, aid sleep, improve pain management and help people feel more empowered, calm and relaxed. It also helped people cope with stressful situations, gave them time for themselves and enabled them to become much more focused.

Challenges during long-term follow-up of ICU patients with and without chronic disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Davies ◽  
Nicole McKenzie ◽  
Teresa A. Williams ◽  
Gavin D. Leslie ◽  
Ruth McConigley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

scholarly journals Diagnosing Asthma Expert System with Case Base Reasoning Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-190
Author(s):  
Margaritha M. Kune ◽  
Erwin Panggabean
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Simple Application ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Know How ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Case Base Reasoning

Asthma is a disease that is Often found in society, especially in the elderly. Asthma is a long-term chronic disease, if left to be fatal and can cause death. Limited access and costs, to patient health information, it is difficult, to know how much influence the disease. So to find out it needs to be built a simple application that can help and Facilitate the community. The purpose of this application is to identify asama disease in older people with 15 symptoms. For the development of expert systems, Several stages are needed items, namely: Analysis and Design of the data collection. This expert system application complies with asthma used by experts and users.

scholarly journals Persistent Replication of a Chikungunya Virus Replicon in Human Cells Is Associated with Presence of Stable Cytoplasmic Granules Containing Nonstructural Protein 3

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Remenyi ◽  
Yanni Gao ◽  
Ruth E. Hughes ◽  
Alistair Curd ◽  
Carsten Zothner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Chikv Infection ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
Nonstructural Protein 3

ABSTRACTChikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne human pathogen, causes a disabling disease characterized by severe joint pain that can persist for weeks, months, or even years in patients. The nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3) plays essential roles during acute infection, but little is known about the function of nsP3 during chronic disease. Here, we used subdiffraction multicolor microscopy for spatial and temporal analysis of CHIKV nsP3 within human cells that persistently replicate replicon RNA. Round cytoplasmic granules of various sizes (i) contained nsP3 and stress granule assembly factors 1 and 2 (G3BP1/2), (ii) were next to double-stranded RNA foci and nsP1-positive structures, and (iii) were close to the nuclear membrane and the nuclear pore complex protein Nup98. Analysis of protein turnover and mobility by live-cell microscopy revealed that the granules could persist for hours to days, accumulated newly synthesized protein, and moved through the cytoplasm at various speeds. The granules also had a static internal architecture and were stable in cell lysates. Refractory cells that had cleared the noncytotoxic replicon regained the ability to respond to arsenite-induced stress. In summary, nsP3 can form uniquely stable granular structures that persist long-term within the host cell. This continued presence of viral and cellular protein complexes has implications for the study of the pathogenic consequences of lingering CHIKV infection and the development of strategies to mitigate the burden of chronic musculoskeletal disease brought about by a medically important arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus).IMPORTANCEChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a reemerging alphavirus transmitted by mosquitos and causes transient sickness but also chronic disease affecting muscles and joints. No approved vaccines or antivirals are available. Thus, a better understanding of the viral life cycle and the role of viral proteins can aid in identifying new therapeutic targets. Advances in microscopy and development of noncytotoxic replicons (A. Utt, P. K. Das, M. Varjak, V. Lulla, A. Lulla, A. Merits, J Virol 89:3145–3162, 2015,https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03213-14) have allowed researchers to study viral proteins within controlled laboratory environments over extended durations. Here we established human cells that stably replicate replicon RNA and express tagged nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3). The ability to track nsP3 within the host cell and during persistent replication can benefit fundamental research efforts to better understand long-term consequences of the persistence of viral protein complexes and thereby provide the foundation for new therapeutic targets to control CHIKV infection and treat chronic disease symptoms.

Transitions in Technology Mediated Cardiac Rehabilitation and Self-management: A Qualitative Study using the Theoretical Domains Framework (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Tadas ◽  
Claudette Pretorius ◽  
Emma J. Foster ◽  
Trish Gorely ◽  
Stephen J. Leslie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Theoretical Domains Framework ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Normal Life ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND An acute cardiac incident is a life changing event, often necessitating surgery. While surgery has high success rates, rehabilitation, behaviour change, and self-care are critical to long-term health. Recent systematic reviews highlight the potential of technology in this area, but significant shortcomings are also identified, particularly in regard to patient experience. OBJECTIVE To improve future systems this paper explores the experiences of cardiac patients during key phases post-hospitalisation: recuperation, initial rehabilitation and long term self-management. The key objective is to provide a holistic understanding of behavioural factors that impact people across these phases, understand how experiences evolve over time, and provide user-centred recommendations to improve the design of cardiac rehabilitation and self-management technologies. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with people who attended rehabilitation programs following hospitalisation for an acute cardiac event. Interviews were developed and data is analysed via the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), a pragmatic framework that synthesizes prior theories of behaviour change. RESULTS Three phases that arise post-hospitalisation are examined: recuperation, rehabilitation, and long-term self-management. Through these phases we describe the impact of key factors and important changes that occur in patients’ experiences over time, including: a desire for and redefinition of normal life; the need for different types of formal and informal knowledge; the benefits of safe-zoning and connectedness; and the need to recognise capability. The use of the TDF allows us to show how factors that influence behaviour evolve over time and identify potential sources of tension. CONCLUSIONS The paper provides empirically grounded recommendations for the design of technology-mediated cardiac rehabilitation and self-management systems. Key recommendations include the use of technology to support a normal life; leveraging social influences to extend participants’ sense of normality; the use of technology to provide a safe zone; the need to support both emotional and physical wellbeing; and a focus on recognizing capability and providing recommendations that are positive and reinforce this capability.

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