scholarly journals Heterotic computing: past, present and future

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2046) ◽  
pp. 20140225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viv Kendon ◽  
Angelika Sebald ◽  
Susan Stepney
Keyword(s):  
Representation Theory ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Abstract Representation ◽  
Physical Computation ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
Computational Systems

We introduce and define ‘heterotic computing’ as a combination of two or more computational systems such that they provide an advantage over either substrate used separately. This first requires a definition of physical computation. We take the framework in Horsman et al. (Horsman et al. 2014 Proc. R. Soc. A 470, 20140182. ( doi:10.1098/rspa.2014.0182 )), now known as abstract-representation theory, then outline how to compose such computational systems. We use examples to illustrate the ubiquity of heterotic computing, and to discuss the issues raised when one or more of the substrates is not a conventional silicon-based computer. We briefly outline the requirements for a proper theoretical treatment of heterotic computational systems, and the advantages such a theory would provide.

scholarly journals Morphological Computation: Nothing but Physical Computation

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Miłkowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Physical Computation ◽  
Efficiency Cost ◽  
Morphological Computation ◽  
Computational Systems

The purpose of this paper is to argue against the claim that morphological computation is substantially different from other kinds of physical computation. I show that some (but not all) purported cases of morphological computation do not count as specifically computational, and that those that do are solely physical computational systems. These latter cases are not, however, specific enough: all computational systems, not only morphological ones, may (and sometimes should) be studied in various ways, including their energy efficiency, cost, reliability, and durability. Second, I critically analyze the notion of “offloading” computation to the morphology of an agent or robot, by showing that, literally, computation is sometimes not offloaded but simply avoided. Third, I point out that while the morphology of any agent is indicative of the environment that it is adapted to, or informative about that environment, it does not follow that every agent has access to its morphology as the model of its environment.

Trust and Social Capital

2009 ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Ben Kei Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Trusting Relationships ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Computational Systems

Regardless of any approach taken for examining social capital, researchers continuously converge on some key issues such as trust and yet diverge on several others about concrete and consistent indicators for measuring social capital. Many researchers believe that presence or absences of social capital can be solely linked to trusting relationships people build with each other as well as social institutions of civil engagement. It is not clearly known however, whether trust itself is a precondition for generating social capital or whether there are other intermediary variables that can influence the role of trust in creating social capital. In addition, similar to social capital, the definition of trust is problematic and it remains a nebulous concept and equally, with many dimensions. Interests in the analysis of trust are wide spread among many disciplines, notably policy analysis, economic development, reliability and security of distributed computational systems and many others. The variety of approaches currently employed to investigate trust and different interpretations of its role in fostering social capital has resulted into a diverse array of knowledge about the concept and its relationship to social capital. This Chapter provides a broader overview of work on trust. It discusses how researchers have used trust as a proxy for measuring social capital.

scholarly journals Developing a Preliminary Definition and Domains of Flare in Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis (OA): Consensus Building of the Flare-in-OA OMERACT Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1188-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Guillemin ◽  
Camille Ricatte ◽  
Annica Barcenilla-Wong ◽  
Amandine Schoumacker ◽  
Marita Cross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Consensus Building ◽  
Delphi Consensus ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Definition Of

Flare in knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) is more than just an exacerbation of pain. Unstructured, semistructured, and focus group interviews followed by Delphi surveys with patients and health professionals (HP) generated candidate domains of an OA flare. Content analysis of interviews with 29 patients and 16 HP extracted 180 statements, which were grouped into 9 clusters. Delphi consensus with 50 patients (Australia, Canada, and France) and 116 HP (17 countries on 4 continents) identified 5 flare domains: pain, swelling, stiffness, psychological aspects, and effect of symptoms. Elements for a preliminary definition of an OA flare are proposed. Registered at clinicaltrials.govNCT02892058.

scholarly journals Superunitary Representations of Heisenberg Supergroups

2018 ◽  
Vol 2020 (19) ◽  
pp. 5926-6006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel de Goursac ◽  
Jean-Philippe Michel
Keyword(s):  
Representation Theory ◽  
Heisenberg Group ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Coadjoint Orbits ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Neumann Theorem ◽  
Lie Supergroups ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Von Neumann Theorem

Abstract Numerous Lie supergroups do not admit superunitary representations (SURs) except the trivial one, for example, Heisenberg and orthosymplectic supergroups in mixed signature. To avoid this situation, we introduce in this paper a broader definition of SUR, relying on a new definition of Hilbert superspace. The latter is inspired by the notion of Krein space and was developed initially for noncommutative supergeometry. For Heisenberg supergroups, this new approach yields a smooth generalization, whatever the signature, of the unitary representation theory of the classical Heisenberg group. First, we obtain Schrödinger-like representations by quantizing generic coadjoint orbits. They satisfy the new definition of irreducible SURs and serve as ground to the main result of this paper: a generalized Stone–von Neumann theorem. Then, we obtain the superunitary dual and build a group Fourier transformation, satisfying Parseval theorem. We eventually show that metaplectic representations, which extend Schrödinger-like representations to metaplectic supergroups, also fit into this definition of SURs.

scholarly journals Modular Representations of Sn

1964 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. de B. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Representation Theory ◽  
Symmetric Group ◽  
Modular Representations ◽  
Modular Theory ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Image Position

The purpose of this paper is to clarify and sharpen the argument in the last two chapters of the author's Representation theory of the symmetric group(3). When these chapters were written the peculiar properties of the case p = 2 were not fully appreciated. No difficulty arises in the definition of the block in terms of the p-core, or in the application of the general modular theory based on the formula

scholarly journals Wedding higher taxonomic ranks with metabolic signatures coded in prokaryotic genomes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio Iraola ◽  
Hugo Naya
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Polyphasic Taxonomy ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Prokaryotic Genomes ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ecological Coherence ◽  
Metabolic Signatures

Taxonomy of prokaryotes has remained a controversial discipline due to the extreme plasticity of microorganisms, causing inconsistencies between phenotypic and genotypic classifications. The genomics era has enhanced taxonomy but also opened new debates about the best practices for incorporating genomic data into polyphasic taxonomy protocols, which are fairly biased towards the identification of bacterial species. Here we use an extensive dataset of Archaea and Bacteria to prove that metabolic signatures coded in their genomes are informative traits that allow to accurately classify organisms coherently to higher taxonomic ranks, and to associate functional features with the definition of taxa. Our results support the ecological coherence of higher taxonomic ranks and reconciles taxonomy with traditional chemotaxonomic traits inferred from genomes. KARL, a simple and free tool useful for assisting polyphasic taxonomy or to perform functional prospections is also presented (https://github.com/giraola/KARL).

scholarly journals PyInteraph2 and PyInKnife2 to analyze networks in protein structural ensembles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Sora ◽  
Matteo Tiberti ◽  
Shahriyar Mahdi Robbani ◽  
Joshua Rubin ◽  
Elena Papaleo
Keyword(s):  
Network Models ◽  
Version Control ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Network Properties ◽  
Protein Ensembles ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractMotivationProtein dynamic is essential for cellular functions. Due to the complex nature of non-covalent interactions and their long-range effects, the analysis of protein conformations using network theory can be enlightening. Protein Structure Networks (PSNs) rely on different philosophies, and the currently available tools suffer from limitations in terms of input formats, supported network models, and version control. Another issue is the precise definition of cutoffs for the network calculations and the assessment of the stability of the parameters, which ultimately affect the outcome of the analyses.ResultsWe provide two open-source software packages, i.e., PyInteraph2 and PyInKnife2, to implement and analyze PSNs in a harmonized, reproducible, and documented manner. PyInteraph2 interfaces with multiple formats for protein ensembles and calculates a diverse range of network models with the possibility to integrate them into a macro-network and perform further downstream graph analyses. PyInKnife2 is a standalone package that supports the network models implemented in PyInteraph2. It employs a jackknife resampling approach to estimate the convergence of network properties and streamline the selection of distance cutoffs. Several functionalities are based on MDAnalysis and NetworkX, including parallelization, and are available for Python 3.7. PyInteraph2 underwent a massive restructuring in terms of setup, installation, and test support compared to the original PyInteraph software.ConclusionsWe foresee that the modular structure of the code and the version control system of GitHub will promote the transition to a community-driven effort, boost reproducibility, and establish harmonized protocols in the PSN field. As developers, we will guarantee the introduction of new functionalities, assistance, training of new contributors, and maintenance of the package.AvailabilityThe packages are available at https://github.com/ELELAB/pyinteraph2 and https://github.com/ELELAB/PyInKnife2 with guides provided within the packages.

scholarly journals On contextuality in behavioural data

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2068) ◽  
pp. 20150234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov ◽  
Janne V. Kujala ◽  
Víctor H. Cervantes ◽  
Ru Zhang ◽  
Matt Jones
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Traditional Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Formal Design ◽  
The Relationship

Dzhafarov et al. (Dzhafarov et al. 2016 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 374, 20150099. ( doi:10.1098/rsta.2015.0099 )) reviewed several behavioural datasets imitating the formal design of the quantum-mechanical contextuality experiments. The conclusion was that none of these datasets exhibited contextuality if understood in the generalized sense proposed by Dzhafarov et al. (2015 Found. Phys. 7, 762–782. ( doi:10.1007/s10701-015-9882-9 )), while the traditional definition of contextuality does not apply to these data because they violate the condition of consistent connectedness (also known as marginal selectivity, no-signalling condition, no-disturbance principle, etc.). In this paper, we clarify the relationship between (in)consistent connectedness and (non)contextuality, as well as between the traditional and extended definitions of (non)contextuality, using as an example the Clauser–Horn–Shimony–Holt inequalities originally designed for detecting contextuality in entangled particles.

scholarly journals The Teaching of Multidigit Multiplication in the Japanese Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-195
Author(s):  
Masami Isoda ◽  
Raimundo Olfos ◽  
Takeshi Noine
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Lesson Study ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Multiplication Table ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Value System ◽  
Link Type ◽  
School Based ◽  
Distributive Law ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractMultidigit multiplication in vertical form uses the idea of the distributive law such as 27 × 3 = (20 + 7) × 3 = 20 × 3 + 7 × 3 for using a multiplication table under the base ten place value system. Multiplication in vertical form is not simply repeated addition such as 27 + 27 + 27. In this meaning, through the extension of multiplication from single digit to multidigit by use of vertical form with a multiplication table, students have to integrate their knowledge on the base ten system with the definition of multiplication by measurement (a group of groups; see Chaps. 10.1007/978-3-030-28561-6_3, 10.1007/978-3-030-28561-6_4, 10.1007/978-3-030-28561-6_5, and 10.1007/978-3-030-28561-6_6 of this book) and so on. How does the Japanese approach enable students to develop multiplication in vertical form by and for themselves based on their learned knowledge?This chapter illustrates this process as follows. Firstly, the diversity of multiplication in vertical form is explained in relation to the multiplier and multiplicand, and the Japanese approach in comparison with other countries such as Chile and the Netherlands is clearly illustrated. Secondly, how a Japanese teacher enables students to develop multiplication in vertical form beyond repeated addition is explained with an exemplar of lesson study. Thirdly, the exemplar illustrates a full-speck lesson plan under school-based lesson study which demonstrates how Japanese teachers try to develop students who learn mathematics by and for themselves including learning how to learn (see Chap. 1). Fourthly, it explains the process to extend multiplication in vertical form to multidigit numbers by referring to Gakko Tosho textbooks.

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