scholarly journals Fluctuations out of equilibrium

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2135) ◽  
pp. 20170383 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Belyi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Dissipative Structures ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Spectral Functions ◽  
Fluctuation Dissipation ◽  
Fluctuation Dissipation Theorem ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Statistical Systems ◽  
Additional Phase Shift ◽  
Additional Phase

A generalized fluctuation–dissipation theorem involving slowly varying parameters is presented. Application of the Langevin method, the method of moments and of a multiscale technique reveal that not only dissipation but also dispersive contributions determine the spectral functions of fluctuations in arbitrary statistical systems. The non-Joule dispersive contribution is characterized by a novel non-local effect due to the additional phase shift between the force and the response of the system. This phase shift occurs as a result of parametric control to the system. The general formalism is illustrated by concrete examples and applications. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Dissipative structures in matter out of equilibrium: from chemistry, photonics and biology (part 2)’.

Object Wave Determination by Single-Sideband Methods

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Downing ◽  
Benjamin M. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Object Wave ◽  
Electron Wave ◽  
Phase Object ◽  
Heavy Atoms ◽  
Single Sideband ◽  
Thin Carbon ◽  
Additional Phase Shift ◽  
Additional Phase

Under the “weak phase object” approximation, the component of the electron wave scattered by an object is phase shifted by π/2 with respect to the unscattered component. This phase shift has been confirmed for thin carbon films by many experiments dealing with image contrast and the contrast transfer theory. There is also an additional phase shift which is a function of the atomic number of the scattering atom. This shift is negligible for light atoms such as carbon, but becomes significant for heavy atoms as used for stains for biological specimens. The light elements are imaged as phase objects, while those atoms scattering with a larger phase shift may be imaged as amplitude objects. There is a great deal of interest in determining the complete object wave, i.e., both the phase and amplitude components of the electron wave leaving the object.

The Method for Improving the USBL Positioning System

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Min
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Measuring Error ◽  
Short Baseline ◽  
Precision Phase ◽  
Positioning Algorithm ◽  
Additional Phase Shift ◽  
Additional Phase

This paper addresses a problem of estimating the precision phase-shift between the transducers of an Ultra short baseline (USBL) array. Due to fact that the performance of the traditional USBL system would evidently decline as the position error increases with the range, the paper at first proposed a high-precision positioning algorithm applied to an improved array to overcome this problem. Besides, employing a least-squares method, the additional phase shift between the transducers are also considered to be determined experimentally by rotating the USBL array in an acoustic test tank, which furthermore reduces the phase shift measuring error. Some trials results show that the proposed high-precision algorithm with improved array can be achieved with good accuracy, as well as the alignment phase shift offset.

Applications of the Transit-Time Current — Voltage Relationships to Negative — Conductance Devices

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-337
Author(s):  
Y. W. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Carrier Injection ◽  
Avalanche Diode ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Injection Mechanism ◽  
Negative Conductance ◽  
Additional Phase Shift ◽  
Additional Phase

The current-voltage relationships developed in the previous paper is applied to two examples: the transistor transit-time oscillator and the Read avalanche diode. It is shown that transit time in the semiconductor alone is insufficient to create negative conductance which is essential for oscillation to take place. Instead additional phase shift must be introduced. In both examples treated in this paper, the additional phase shift comes from the carrier-injection mechanism.

scholarly journals Controllable chiral Majorana modes by noncollinear magnetic configuration in a topological Josephson junction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MengYao Li ◽  
Qingyun Yu ◽  
Jingguo Hu ◽  
TingMin Liu ◽  
Yong Chun Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Josephson Junction ◽  
Spin Valve ◽  
Magnetic Configuration ◽  
Spin Singlet ◽  
Spin Polarized ◽  
Spin Triplet ◽  
Majorana Modes ◽  
Additional Phase Shift ◽  
Additional Phase

Abstract Recently, theory and experiment both have confirmed a Majorana zero mode to induce selective equal spin Andreev reflection (SESAR). Herein, we theoretically present controllable chiral Majorana modes (CMMs) by noncollinear magnetic configuration in a Josephson junction on a topological insulator with two ferromagnetic insulators (FIs) sandwiched in between two superconductors (SCs). It is shown that an additional phase shift is induced by the different chirality of the CMMs at the two FI/SC interfaces, whose magnitude is determined by misorientational angle θ, which can be administrated by the Andreev bound surface energies. The angle θ is found to result in the 0-π state transition and Φ0 supercurrent. Particularly, due to the SESAR, the coexistence of fully spin-polarized spin-singlet and -triplet correlations is exhibited with the exclusive fully spin-polarized spin-triplet (singlet) correlation corresponding to the ferromagnetic (F) [antiferromagnetic (AF)] configuration. For the two magnetizations only along y-axis, there exist no additional phase shift and topological supercurrent with fully spin-polarized correlations, especially, the supercurrent in the AF configuration is a lot larger than that in the F one, which is strongly dependent on the exchange field strength and FI length, thus even leading to 100% supercurrent magnetoresistance. The results can be employed to not only identify the topological SCs but also design a perfect topological supercurrent spin valve device.

Small-Signal Analysis of Parallel Connected Voltage Source Inverters Using a Frequency and Voltage Droop Control Including an Additional Phase Shift

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanderley Alves Parreira ◽  
Henrique José Avelar ◽  
João Batista Vieira ◽  
Luiz Carlos Freitas ◽  
Luiz Carlos Gomes de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Signal Analysis ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Droop Control ◽  
Small Signal ◽  
Voltage Source Inverters ◽  
Small Signal Analysis ◽  
Additional Phase Shift ◽  
Additional Phase

Intrinsic phase response characterization of optical filters free of additional phase shift from pigtail or free space

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (01) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fei Yuan ◽  
Yaowen Zhang ◽  
Zhiyao Zhang ◽  
Shanjian Zhang ◽  
Yali Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Optical Filters ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Additional Phase Shift ◽  
Additional Phase

Characteristics of an Electrostatic Phase Plate

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 618-619
Author(s):  
William Krakow ◽  
Benjamin Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Phase Plate ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Phase Plates ◽  
Beam Currents ◽  
Contrast Image ◽  
Bright Phase ◽  
Additional Phase Shift ◽  
Additional Phase

Unwin has used a metallized non-conducting thread in the back focal plane of the objective lens that stops out a portion of the unscattered beam, takes on a localized positive charge and thus produces an additional phase shift to give a different transfer function of the lens. Under the particular conditions Unwin used, the phase contrast image was shifted to bright phase contrast for optimum focus.We have investigated the characteristics of this type of electrostatic phase plate, both analytically and experimentally, as functions of the magnitude of charge and defocus. Phase plates have been constructed by using Wollaston wire to mount 0.25μ diameter platinum wires across apertures ranging from 50 to 200μ diameter and vapor depositing SiO and gold on the mounted wires to give them the desired charging characteristics. The net charge was varied by adjusting only the bias on the Wehnelt shield of the gun, and hence the beam currents and effective size of the source.

scholarly journals Author Correction: Non-local effect of impurity states on the exchange coupling mechanism in magnetic topological insulators

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago R. F. Peixoto ◽  
Hendrik Bentmann ◽  
Philipp Rüßmann ◽  
Abdul-Vakhab Tcakaev ◽  
Martin Winnerlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Coupling ◽  
Topological Insulators ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Impurity States ◽  
Non Local

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-021-00314-9

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