scholarly journals VII. The Reproductive processes of certain mammals. Part VII. - Seasonal variation in the reproductive organs of the male hedgehog

1934 ◽  
Vol 223 (494-508) ◽  
pp. 277-303 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Secretory Cycle ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cyclic Changes

The seasonal changes in the genital tract of the male hedgehog, notably the enormous hypertrophy of the accessory sexual glands in the spring and summer, early attracted the attention of biologists. The first important account of the reproductive cycle was given by Marshall (1911) who described the histological condition of the testis at different seasons and found that the production of spermatozoa commenced as early as January and continued to the end of September. The summer and winter appearance of the prostate and Cowper’s glands was described by Griffiths (1890), and in 1926 Pellegrini published observations on the secretory cycle in the interstitial cells of the testis. Courrier (1927) studied the cyclic changes in the various organs and gave a full bibliography of work on the male hedgehog. Animals with restricted reproductive activity have already proved valuable for experimental research (Hill and Parkes, 1932 ; Bissonnette, 1932), and earlier workers recognized the suitability of the hedgehog in this connection. Marshall (1911), by castrating hedgehogs at various phases of the reproductive cycle, showed that the periodic hypertrophy and continued activity of the accessory glands was controlled by the testes, and Courrier extended and confirmed his findings. The hedgehog should prove useful in a wide range of experimental work, for, besides possessing remarkable accessory glands, it is probably the only mammal with abdominal testes that can be easily obtained in England and kept in captivity. Although the general nature of the reproductive cycle has been described, previous authors have been content to examine a few animals only, and it was therefore thought desirable to examine a series sufficiently large to provide an adequate quantitative basis for experimental work. In addition, the large number of immature animals obtained supplied information on the rate of development of the genital tract before the first breeding season.

scholarly journals The reproductive processes of certain mammals. III.—The reproductive cycle of the male ferret

1932 ◽  
Vol 110 (767) ◽  
pp. 295-312 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Quiescent Period ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Reproductive Processes ◽  
Periodic Changes

Cyclic changes in the reproductive organs of male mammals have been studied in a few forms only, but the information available reveals interesting differences in the duration of reproductive activity, and in the correlation between the various organs. Marshall (1911) has described the reproductive cycle in the male hedgehog. Regaud (1904), Tandler and Grosz (1911) and Lecaillon (1909) have studied the mole, but with conflicting results. Rasmussen (1917 and 1918) gives detailed information of the periodic changes in the interstitial tissue of the testis in the woodchuck, and more recently Courrier (1923) has investigated the reproductive cycle in various bats, in the mole, hedgehog, and marmot. The work of Marshall (1904), Robinson (1918) and Hammond and Marshall (1930) has established that in the female ferret the breeding season is restricted and lasts from April to August ; during the remaining months of the year the reproductive organs are in a state of quiescent anœstrus. The first mating occurs in March or April. The present investigation was undertaken in order to determine the duration of the quiescent period in the male ferret and to compare the changes in the testis tubules with those in the interstitial tissue and accessory organs. The condition of the reproductive tract has accordingly been studied at various times of the year, and an attempt has been made to assess the changes in the organs and in their constituent parts.

scholarly journals Tactic-specific antimicrobial activity suggests a parental care function for accessory glands in a marine toadfish

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1947) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan A. Pepler ◽  
Hindra ◽  
Jessica S. Miller ◽  
Marie A. Elliot ◽  
Sigal Balshine
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Sperm Duct ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Porichthys Notatus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reproductive Male ◽  
Plainfin Midshipman ◽  
Established Role

Males of some species possess extra reproductive organs called accessory glands which are outgrowths of the testes or sperm duct. These organs have a well-established role in reproduction; however, they also appear to have other important functions that are less understood. Here, we investigate the function of the highly complex accessory glands of a marine toadfish, Porichthys notatus , a fish with two reproductive male types: large care-providing ‘guarder’ males and small non-caring ‘sneaker’ males. While both male types have accessory glands, guarder male accessory glands are much larger relative to their body size. We show that accessory gland fluids strongly inhibit the growth of bacterial genera associated with unhealthy eggs and have no effect on the growth of strains isolated from healthy eggs. This antibacterial effect was particularly pronounced for extracts from guarder males. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both healthy and unhealthy plainfin midshipman eggs have diverse but distinct microbial communities that differ in their composition and abundance. The highly specific inhibitory capacity of accessory gland fluid on bacteria from unhealthy eggs was robust across a wide range of ecologically relevant temperatures and salinities. Collectively, these ecological and molecular observations suggest a care function for the accessory gland mediated by antimicrobial agents.

Reproduction in Sminthopsis-Macroura (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae) .2. The Male

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Sminthopsis Macroura ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Androgen Levels

The breeding season of S. macroura extends from June to February, and individual males (both wild- caught and laboratory-reared) are capable of breeding over extended periods during the breeding season, and for up to three seasons, in the laboratory. Gross and histological changes in the reproductive organs and endocrine changes in relation to reproductive activity have been investigated. Males do not appear to reach sexual maturity until the season following that in which they were born, although spermatorrhoea may commence in the season of birth. Testis and epididymis weight of these males, which commence spermatorrhoea late in the season, approximates that of sexually mature males early in the season but androgen levels and the weight of the accessory glands are low in all males except during the early months of the season. The age at which spermatorrhoea commences ranges from 141 to 350 days. The minimum scrota1 width at which it commences is 7.9 mm and the minimum body weight, 14.0 g. The onset of spermatorrhoea is not a function of age or season and in S. macroura should be used with caution as an indicator of impending sexual maturity. Maximum corticosteroid- binding capacity (MCBC) generally exceeded corticosteroid concentration and no androgen-related fall in MCBC was evident.

Opportunities for the influence of humanitarian subjects on the spiritual and moral development of the cadets of higher educational organizations of the MIA of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-201
Author(s):  
Zlata Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
University Education ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Interdisciplinary Interaction ◽  
Development Of Students

The relevance of the topic is related to the importance of humanitarian education for the formation of worldview and spiritual and moral foundations of the personality. The need for humanistic and humanitarian orientation of University education is justified by many pedagogues. Universities of the MIA of Russia provide students with the opportunity to master a wide range of Humanities. The article presents the results of a study that developed a system of Humanities that affect the spiritual and moral development of students. In the course of the analysis, the worldview and psychological and pedagogical blocks of Humanities were identified, and the number of hours for each course of study was indicated. In addition, the article shows the interdisciplinary connections of Humanities that integrate knowledge on the spiritual and moral sphere of personal development. There are four thematic modules of Humanities: “Man”, “Society”, “Activity”, “Universe”. The analysis of the interdisciplinary interaction of the selected thirteen Humanities is carried out. Examples of forms and methods of formative work are shown, according to the curricula for the mastering these disciplines. The topics, their content, forming competencies, forms and methods of experimental work are correlated, which allows us to clearly trace the interdisciplinary connections.

Changes in the Male Reproductive Organs of the Dugong, Dugong dugon (Sirenia: Dugondidae) with Age and Reproductive Activity

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Marsh ◽  
GE Heinsohn ◽  
TD Glover
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Growth Layer ◽  
Male Reproductive Tract ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Examination ◽  
Testicular Histology

The anatomy and histology of the male reproductive tract of the dugong (Dugong dugon) is described. Each testis and its adjacent epididymis lie immediately caudal to the corresponding kidney. The seminal vesicles are large but there is no discrete prostate gland and the bulbo-urethral glands are also diffuse. Both qualitative and quantitative examination of the testes and epididymides of 59 males whose ages have been estimated from tusk dentinal growth layer counts indicate that the male dugong does not produce spermatozoa continuously, despite the absence of a distinct breeding season. Individual dugongs were observed with testes at all stages between complete quiescence and full spermatogenesis, and only 10 of the 40 mature males had fully spermatogenic testes and epididymides packed with spermatozoa. Androgenic and spermatogenic activity of the testes appeared to be in phase, but the testicular histology of some old males suggested that they may have been sterile for long periods.

Memoirs: On the Development of the Male Genitalia and the Efferent Genital Ducts in Lepidoptera

1933 ◽  
Vol s2-76 (301) ◽  
pp. 35-61
Author(s):  
DEV RAJ MEHTA
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Proximal Portion ◽  
Genital System ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Accessory Glands

A general account of the internal reproductive organs and the external genitalia and their development is given. The ‘penis lobes’ develop earlier than the ‘valvae lobes’, and independently of them. The tegumen is the modified ninth tergite. The tenth segment is visibly distinguished into a tergal and sternal part in the pupal stages, and the anal tube passes between the two sclerites. The uncus and the gnathos are dorsal and ventral processes respectively of the tenth segment. The anellus lobes develop as lateral processes of the ninth sternite on either side of the penis. The vasa deferentia during larval life do not extend beyond the eighth abdominal segment and lie in a latero-ventral position. They meet the extensions from the ectodermal ‘ductus ejaculatorius duplex’ during the last larval stadium. From the earliest caterpillar stage there exists a pair of ectodermal ducts formed by the differentiation of the epidermis on the ninth sternite. Towards the end of larval life they divide by constriction to form the accessory glands and the ‘ductus ejaculatory duplex’. At this stage they extend on either side to meet the vasa deferentia. The vesiculae seminales develop by distension from the region of junction between the vasa deferentia and the proximal portion of the ejaculatory duct. The ‘ductus ejaculatorius simplex’ arises as an ectodermal invagination between the pair of ‘penis lobes’ during the final larval instar. It is established that, with the exception of the vasa deferentia, all the remaining elements in the efferent genital system are derived from the ectoderm.

Shoreline Change Analysis along the Udupi-Dakshina Kannada Coastal Stretch in Karnataka, West Coast of India using DSAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Anjita ◽  
G.S. Dwarakish
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Shoreline Change ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Shoreline Changes ◽  
West Coast Of India ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Accretion And Erosion

Study of morphological variations and the effects of oceanographic processes such as erosion and accretion at different temporal scales are important to understand the nature of the coast and the cyclic changes occurring during different seasons. The Udupi-Dakshina Kannada coast along the west coast of India exhibits a wide range of changes depending on the interactions of tide and wave energy, sediment supply and more importantly human intervention. In view of this, the present work has been carried out to study the changes in shoreline changes along the Udupi-Dakshina Kannada coast over a period of 29 years from 1990 to 2019. Remote Sensing and GIS techniques have been used to demarcate shorelines and calculate the shoreline change rates. Overall accretion and erosion rates were found to be 1.28 m/year and 0.91 m/year respectively along the coast. Highest accretion and erosion rates of 12.57 m/year and 5.34 m/year was noticed along the Dakshina Kannada coast. The study also suggests that multi-dated satellite data along with statistical techniques can be effectively used for prediction of shoreline changes. Keywords: remote sensing, GIS, Dakshina Kannada coast, oceanography, shoreline.

scholarly journals Comparative genomics identifies male accessory gland proteins in five Glossina species

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna F. Abry ◽  
Kelvin M. Kimenyi ◽  
Daniel K Masiga ◽  
Benard W. Kulohoma
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Reproductive Proteins ◽  
Accessory Gland Proteins ◽  
Accessory Glands

Accessory gland proteins (ACPs) are important reproductive proteins produced by the male accessory glands (MAGs) of most insect species. These proteins are essential for male insect fertility, and are transferred alongside semen to females during copulation. ACPs are poorly characterized in Glossina species (tsetse fly), the principal vector of the parasite that causes life-threatening Human African Trypanosomiasis and Animal trypanosomiasis in endemic regions in Africa. The tsetse fly has a peculiar reproductive cycle because of the absence of oviposition. Females mate once and store sperm in a spermathecal, and produce a single fully developed larva at a time that pupates within minutes of exiting their uterus. This slow reproductive cycle, compared to other insects, significantly restricts reproduction to only 3 to 6 larvae per female lifespan. This unique reproductive cycle is an attractive vector control strategy entry point. We exploit comparative genomics approaches to explore the diversity of ACPs in the recently available whole genome sequence data from five tsetse fly species ( Glossina morsitans, G. austeni, G. brevipalpis, G. pallidipes and G. fuscipes). We used previously described ACPs in Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae as reference sequences. We identified 36, 27, 31, 29 and 33 diverse ACP orthologous genes in G. austeni, G. brevipalpis, G. fuscipes, G. pallidipes and G. morsitans genomes respectively, which we classified into 21 functional classes. Our findings provide genetic evidence of MAG proteins in five recently sequenced Glossina genomes. It highlights new avenues for molecular studies that evaluate potential field control strategies of these important vectors of human and animal disease.

Environmental and Occupational Factors on Implantation Failure

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Khursheed Ahmad Wani ◽  
Javid Ahmad Lone ◽  
Waseem Yaseen ◽  
Junaid Ahmad Malik
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Implantation Failure ◽  
Reproductive Outcomes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Occupational Settings

It has been shown that reproductive activity is responsive to changes in the physical, psychosocial, and chemical environments. Occupational exposure has been identified to a wide range of putative hazards and adverse reproductive outcomes, or fertility. Such risks include the physical environment such as VDT and noise, as well as psychosocial stress and chemical agents. Some of these may have a direct or indirect effect on IVF outcomes. Psychosocial factors such as inadequate coping mechanisms, anxiety and/or depression are related to a lower incidence of IVF pregnancy. In this chapter the authors focus on the difficulties involved in linking exposure to putative hazardous substances to adverse reproductive outcomes in environmental and occupational settings, particularly the effectiveness of IVF procedures.

The anatomy, histology, and physiology of the reproductive systems of Lytta nuttalli Say (Coleoptera: Meloidae). I. The internal genitalia

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Gerber ◽  
N. S. Church ◽  
J. G. Rempel
Keyword(s):  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Bursa Copulatrix ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Internal Genitalia ◽  
Spermathecal Gland ◽  
Colleterial Gland

The anatomy and histology of the male and female internal genitalia of Lytta nuttalli Say and the functions of the various organs during copulation and oviposition are described. In addition to the ovaries, lateral and common oviducts, and vagina, the female system includes a spermatophoral receptacle, accessory gland, and spermatheca. The most distinctive feature is the voluminous spermatophoral receptacle, which seems to be homologous with the bursa copulatrix of other Coleoptera, but serves to store and digest old spermatophores. The accessory gland is not a colleterial gland, but instead produces materials that probably are involved in the transfer of the spermatozoa into the spermatheca. The epithelia of the calyces and oviducts secrete the frothy, mucilaginous material that coats the eggs at oviposition. In the absence of a separate spermathecal gland, the epithelium of the spermatheca apparently has taken over its functions. The ovaries contain several hundred ovarioles of the telotrophic type. The chief structures of the male system are three pairs of accessory glands plus the testes, vasa deferentia, and ejaculatory duct. Each vas deferens consists of an enlarged portion that serves as an additional accessory gland and a narrow part, which is the seminal vesicle. Materials produced in the three pairs of accessory glands and the glandular portions of the vasa deferentia are used in spermatophore formation. The testes contain several hundred short sperm tubes similar to those of other insects. The arrangement, form, and functions of the internal reproductive organs of L. nuttalli are compared with those of other insects. Observations made on the reproductive systems of four species of Epicauta are also discussed in this context.

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