Oil pollution studies of the Solbergstrand mesocosms

1987 ◽  
Vol 316 (1181) ◽  
pp. 641-654 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Benthic Macrofauna ◽  
Sediment Chemistry ◽  
Littorina Littorea ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Laminaria Digitata

Two medium-scale ecosystems (mesocosms) were built on the Oslofjord: one a hard-bottom intertidal system and the other a subtidal soft-sediment system. The hard-bottom mesocosm consists of four basins, two controls and two which were dosed with diesel-oil (129 μg 1 -1 a high oil (HO) dose and 29 μg 1 -1 a low oil (LO) dose). Both oil doses caused high mortality of Mytilus edulis and growth was reduced in the macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum and Laminaria digitata . Recruitment of Littorina littorea was also affected by oil so that populations declined over time. Subtidal benthic communities have been established in the mesocosm and show variations in sediment chemistry within the range found in the field. Although recruitment of benthic macrofauna is reduced, dominant species and species structure remain closely similar to that in the field over six months. Bioturbation effects studied in the mesocosm have shown the important influence of large, rare species in structuring benthic communities, a finding which would not be possible in nature by diving or by the use ofsubmersibles. Preliminary results from a community taken from 200 m depth and established in the mesocosm suggest that it is now possible to do detailed manipulation experiments on communities simulating the whole continental shelf.

scholarly journals The preliminary study of oil removal using lemon peel waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Nur Syahirah Amirah Mohd Jopery ◽  
Mohammad Abdullah ◽  
Soo Kum Yoke ◽  
Ahmad Rozaimee Mustaffa
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Ocean Water ◽  
Lemon Peel ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
Waste Vegetable Oil ◽  
Different Types

While the discovery of oil contributes a lot towards a country’s economy and technological development, it is also the cause for oil pollution. As such, this study proposes to use lemon peel waste as a low-cost adsorbent to manage oil pollution. For the untreated adsorbent, the lemon peels were cut into small pieces and dried under sunlight for 48 hours. Then, it was further dried in an oven for 24 hours and ground into powder. For the treated adsorbent, the lemon peels were soaked in 0.5 M of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. The adsorbent was used to adsorb different types of oil (diesel oil, lubricant oil, waste vegetable oil) and in different types of water (ocean water, lake water, tap water) with different amounts of adsorbent which is 0.2 g, 0.4 g, 0.6 g, 0.8 g, and 1.0 g for adsorbent dosage experiment. While for types of water experiment, a ratio for volume of water and oil of 3:1, and constant mass adsorbent was used. The result showed that untreated adsorbent can adsorb higher amount of oils than treated adsorbent. The oil that could be easily adsorbed using lemon peels adsorbent is diesel oil with 89.91% adsorption. For the types of water, the result changes according to different types of water and oil used. It was found that the higher the mass adsorbent, the lower the percentage of oil removal. The highest percentage of diesel oil removed in ocean water is 81.68%. While the removal of lubricant oil and waste vegetable oil in lake water is 66.6% and 72.13%, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows that treated lemon peels had small pores compared to untreated lemon peel waste. This study demonstrated and proposed that the lemon peel waste has a good potential in low-cost oil waste removal.

scholarly journals Simulation of Microbial Response to Accidental Diesel Spills in Basins Containing Brackish Sea Water and Sediment

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Yan ◽  
Nan Hui ◽  
Suvi Simpanen ◽  
Laura Tudeer ◽  
Martin Romantschuk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Littoral Sediment

The brackish Baltic Sea is under diesel oil pollution risk due to heavy ship traffic. The situation is exasperated by densely distributed marinas and a vigorous although seasonal recreational boating. The seasonality and physical environmental variations hamper the monitoring of microbial communities in response to diesel oil spills. Hence, an 8-week simulation experiment was established in metal basins (containing 265 L sea water and 18 kg quartz sand or natural shore sand as the littoral sediment) to study the effect of accidental diesel oil spills on microbial communities. Our results demonstrated that microbial communities in the surface water responded to diesel oil contamination, whereas those in the littoral sediment did not, indicating that diesel oil degradation mainly happened in the water. Diesel oil decreased the abundance of bacteria and fungi, but increased bacterial diversity in the water. Time was the predominant driver of microbial succession, attributable to the adaption strategies of microbes. Bacteria were more sensitive to diesel oil contamination than fungi and archaea. Diesel oil increased relative abundances of bacterial phyla, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Flavobacteriia and Cytophagia, and fungal phylum Ascomycota in the surface water. Overall, this study improves the understanding of the immediate ecological impact of accidental diesel oil contamination, providing insights into risk management at the coastal area.

The composition and functioning of benthic ecosystems in relation to the assessment of long-term effects of oil pollution

1982 ◽  
Vol 297 (1087) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ecological Awareness ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Benthic Ecosystems

The assessment of long-term effects of oil pollution is ultimately a matter of field responses and ecological interpretation. Chronic conditions present much greater interpretative problems than the aftermath of a severe spill because the detection of subtle effects has to be made against the usually unknown scales of natural changes taking place. Examples from various coastal benthic communities illustrate types of biological interactions, different types and degrees of biological stability and the sometimes unpredictable timescales involved. Special attention is drawn to the significance of natural fluctuations in recruitment and to the geographical scales on which these may occur. Have such matters been taken into account in the past? For the future the extreme difficulty that may be involved in detecting subtle deterioration necessitates both a considerable increase in ecological awareness and the directing of work on sublethal effects to those species most am enable to ecological study.

Reproduction in Abra Alba (Wood) and Abra Tenuis (Montagu) (Tellinacea: Scrobiculariidae)

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Laskaridou Nott
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Great Abundance ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
North West ◽  
Marine Bivalves

Abra alba and Abra tenuis are closely related marine bivalves. They both inhabit similar types of sandy-mud sediments but they prefer different localities. The smaller A. tenuis is found in a few scattered intertidal mudflats, whereas A. alba is more widely distributed and in great abundance in the coastal waters of north-west Europe. The latter can be found at any depth between low-water mark and 80 m (Tebble, 1966; Ansell, 1974) and often forms the dominant species of shallow water benthic communities.The reproductive cycle of the two species has been studied and compared as a part of a wider ecological investigation. There is minimal literature concerning the reproduction of A. tenuis but A. alba has received a lot of attention, because it forms a major source of food for flatfish. However, most of the earlier investigations are confined to the time that spawning occurs with the evidence derived from either the time of the year that larvae appear in the plankton (Lebour, 1938; Jorgensen, 1946; Fosshagen, 1965; Muus, 1973; Rasmusen, 1973), or the time of the year that juveniles first appear in the bottom samples (Orton, 1924; Ford, 1925; Stephen, 1932). The inadequacy of such indirect methods has been discussed by Seed (1969,1975, 1976). Ansell (1974) derived the reproductive cycle of A. alba from seasonal changes in the biochemical composition. In the present investigation, histological techniques have been used, since they are considered to offer the most reliable information about the reproductive cycle (Seed, 1969, 1975, 1976).

Effects of temperature and fertilization on total vs. active bacterial communities exposed to crude and diesel oil pollution in NW Mediterranean Sea

2010 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Rodríguez-Blanco ◽  
Virginie Antoine ◽  
Emilien Pelletier ◽  
Daniel Delille ◽  
Jean-François Ghiglione
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Nw Mediterranean ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Nw Mediterranean Sea

Using Benthic Assessment Techniques To Determine Combined Sewer Overflow and Stormwater Impacts in the Aquatic Ecosystem

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Rochfort ◽  
L. Grapentine ◽  
J. Marsalek ◽  
B. Brownlee ◽  
T. Reynoldson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Sediment Toxicity ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Sediment Chemistry ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Combined Sewer

Abstract Urban wet-weather sources of pollution such as Stormwater and combined sewer overflows (CSOs) can contribute significantly to the contamination of receiving waters, particularly in sediment depositional areas near outfalls. Analyses of sediment chemistry alone are not sufficient to fully assess the effects of these discharges. Toxicity testing and evaluations of benthic invertebrate communities, in conjunction with chemical analyses, provide a more complete characterization. This study assessed relationships among three separate aspects of the benthic environment:sediment chemistry (metals, PAHs and nutrients) and particle size, sediment toxicity (ten endpoints with four benthic taxa), and benthic invertebrate community structure. In this initial survey, ten sites in five different study areas, representing a range of receiving water environments exposed to Stormwater and CSO discharges, were sampled in October 1998. Results of analyses indicated that while contaminant (metals and PAHs) concentrations were relatively high in sediments, biological effects were not evident Toxicity of sediments was low and altered benthic communities were not detected. Neither toxicity endpoints nor benthic community descriptors were related to sediment contaminant levels. To improve the power of these assessments, future investigations of Stormwater and CSO discharge impacts should use “upstream/downstream” sampling designs and study sites with minimal variability of habitat conditions.

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