Detection of mesoscale synoptic features associated with dispersal of spruce budworm moths in eastern Canada

1990 ◽  
Vol 328 (1251) ◽  
pp. 607-617 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Convergence Zone ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Thermal Contrast ◽  
Synoptic Features

Radar studies in eastern Canada of spruce budworm moth distribution patterns and associated windfields frequently revealed mesoscale synoptic features induced by the strong thermal contrast between the heated land surface and the surrounding coastal waters that resulted in significant redistribution of the airborne moths. Experience gained during a four-year study in New Brunswick enabled meteorologists to identify the synoptic situations favouring the development of these mesoscale features. This paper examines the details of a particular case, on 15-16 July 1976, when insect detection teams were alerted in advance to the existence and location of a significant wind convergence zone.

Evidence for genetic hybridization between Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes cookei

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 527-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Patterson ◽  
Anna M. Duncan ◽  
Kelsey C. McIntyre ◽  
Vett K. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
As Species ◽  
Intermediate Traits

Ixodes scapularis Say, 1821 (the black-legged tick) is becoming established in Canada. The northwards expansion of I. scapularis leads to contact between I. scapularis and Ixodes cookei Packard, 1869, a well-established tick species in Eastern Canada. Examination of I. cookei and I. scapularis collected from New Brunswick revealed ticks with ambiguous morphologies, with either a mixture or intermediate traits typical of I. scapularis and I. cookei, including in characteristics typically used as species identifiers. Genetic analysis to determine if these ticks represent hybrids revealed that four had I. cookei derived mitochondrial DNA but I. scapularis nuclear DNA. In one case, the nuclear sequence showed evidence of heterozygosity for I. scapularis and I. cookei sequences, whereas in the others, the nuclear DNA appeared to be entirely derived from I. scapularis. These data strongly suggest genetic hybridization between these two species. Ixodes cookei and hybrid ticks were readily collected from humans and companion animals and specimens infected with Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson et al., 1984, the causative agent of Lyme disease, were identified. These findings raise the issue of genetic introgression of I. scapularis genes into I. cookei and warrant reassessment of the capacity of I. cookei and I. cookei × I. scapularis hybrids to vector Borrelia infection.

Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae): XI. Cremifania nigrocellulata Cz. (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), An Introduced Predator in Eastern Canada

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1171-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Clark ◽  
N. R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Introduced Predator ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Commonwealth Institute ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
Research Institute

Cremifania nigrocellulata Cz. is one of the complex of predators that attacks A. piceae (Ratz.) in Europe. After studies on its morphology, biology, and distribution were made by Delucchi and Pschorn-Walcher (1954), C. nigrocellulata was reared in Europe by the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control and introduced into New Brunswick via the Entomology Research Institute for Biological Control, Belleville, Ontario.

The influence of hardwood content on balsam fir defoliation by spruce budworm

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1620-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Su ◽  
Ted D. Needham ◽  
David A. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Generalized Model ◽  
Stand Management ◽  
Working Hypothesis ◽  
Model Combining

Changing stand composition by increasing hardwood content has been suggested as a long-term method for reducing susceptibility and vulnerability of balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) to spruce budworm (Choristoneurafumiferana (Clem.)). Twenty-five mixed balsam fir–hardwood stands were selected in northern New Brunswick, with five stands in each 20% hardwood class (0–20, 21–40%, etc.). Defoliation each year from 1989 to 1993 was significantly (p < 0.0001) related to hardwood content, with r2 ranging from 0.57 to 0.81. As hardwood content increased, defoliation of balsam fir decreased. From 1989 to 1992, the years of moderate to severe defoliation, balsam fir stands with <40% hardwoods sustained 58–71% defoliation, on average, versus 12–15% defoliation in stands with >80% hardwood. A generalized model combining hardwood content and the estimated defoliation in pure softwood stands in a given year explained 77% of the variation in defoliation over stands and years. This study indicated that mixed balsam fir–hardwood stand management, with hardwood content >40%, could substantially reduce losses during spruce budworm outbreaks. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanism involved, but our working hypothesis is that greater hardwood content increased the diversity or populations of natural enemies such as birds and parasitoids.

CLAY ILLUVIATION IN SOME ORTHIC PODZOLS OF EASTERN CANADA

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Brydon
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Granular Structure ◽  
Charge Component ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Free Iron ◽  
Fine Clay ◽  
Ph Dependent

The Arago, Barney, and Holmesville soils, Podzols from Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, respectively, each had friable Bfh horizons with moderate granular structure, and with organic matter and free Fe2O3 contents greater than the Ae and C horizons. The Arago and Holmesville had thin Bhft horizons containing over 10% organic matter and 5% free iron oxides. The C horizons of these two soils had some features characteristic of fragipans.The B horizons of the three soils had a high "pH-dependent charge component" in the C.E.C. values. The "permanent charge component" was similar throughout the Arago profile except for the Bhft horizon where clay accumulation had occurred.Translocation of clay from the Ae to the upper B horizons was indicated by the twofold increase in clay content and the relative enrichment of fine clay in the B horizons. Removal of free iron affected the clay contents differently in the different: horizons but the maximum clay content in the upper B horizons remained. The definitions of Orthic Podzols, Textural Podzols, and t horizons should be re-examined.

scholarly journals STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS DAN ASOSIASI LAMUN (Seagrass) DI PERAIRAN PANTAI RUA PULAU TERNATE PROVINSI MALUKU UTARA

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyadi Subur
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Cymodocea Rotundata

AbstrakLamun (Seagrass) merupakan salah satu ekosistem penting diwilayah pesisir yangberperan penting baik secara ekologis dan ekonomis. Keberadaan lamun mendukungkehidupan berbagai jenis biota laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi jenis-jenislamun yang berada di perairan pantai Rua, Mengetahui kepadatan, pola sebaran,keanekaragaman jenis, dan dominansi serta asosiasi antara spesies. Penelitian ini dilakukandengan metode garis transek dan kuadrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 4jenis lamun di perairan pantai Rua yang terdiri dari Cymodocea rotundata, Enhalusacoroides, Halodule pinifolia dan Thalassia hemprichii. T. hemprichii adalah jenis dengankepadatan tertinggi di perairan Rua yaitu 16,70 ind/m2, serta E. acoroides, memilikikepadatan terendah yakni 5,77 ind/m2. Jenis lamun yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitianseluruhnya memiliki pola sebaran mengelompok dengan keanekaragaman yangdikategorikan rendah yaitu sebesar 1,32, serta indeks dominasi sebesar 0,27. Tipe asosiasilamun di lokasi penelitian yaitu asosiasi positif (+), serta asosiasi negatif (-).Kata Kunci. Struktur Komunitas, Asosiasi, lamun.AbstractSeagrass is a important ecosystems coastal region that is important both ecologically andeconomically . The seagrass supports of various marine life. This study to propose identify thespecies of seagrasses in coastal waters in Rua, Knowing the density, distribution pattern,species diversity, and dominance as well as associations between species. This study wasconducted using line transect and kuadrats. The results showed that there are 4 species ofseagrass in Rua consisting of Cymodocea rotundata , Enhalus acoroides , pinifolia Haloduleand Thalassia hemprichii . T. hemprichii is highest density (16.70 ind/m2), and E. acoroides ,which has the lowest density (5.77 ind/m2). Species seagrass found in the research area allhave clumped distribution patterns are categorized with diversity low at 1.32 , and dominanceindex at 0.27. Type association of seagrass in the location studies is positive association ( + )and negative association ( - ).Key Words:community structur, association, seagrass

scholarly journals New records and AMS radiocarbon dates on Quaternary Walrus ( Odobenus Rosmarus ) from New Brunswick

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
New Records ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Odobenus Rosmarus ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Past Summer

Abstract Walrus fossils are occasionally recovered during scallop dragging in the Bay of Fundy and from sand and gravel deposits along the coastline of New Brunswick in eastern Canada. Six new fossils and four new AMS radiocarbon dates significantly increase the information concerning late-glacial to postglacial walrus in New Brunswick. Dates range from about 12 800 BP to 2 900 BP, almost half falling between 9 000 and 10 000 BP. Temporal distribution of walrus, compared to estimates of past summer sea surface temperature, suggest that in the Bay of Fundy walrus occurred in waters ranging from 12 to 15° C.

STUDIES ON DIPTEROUS PARASITES OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) (LEPIDOPTERA.TORTRICIDAE): VI. PHOROCERA INCRASSATA SMITH (DIPTERA:TACHINIDAE)

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Coppel
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
First Instar

Phorocera incrassala Smith, which was transferred from Western to Eastern Canada for release against the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), deposits microtype eggs on leaves, which are later ingested by the host. Eggs hatch immediately after ingestion, but the parasite does not develop beyond the first instar until the host pupates. The larva then develops rapidly, matures in 10 days, and forms its puparium within the host pupal case. The adult emerges in 12 to 14 days. No information is available on the overwintering habits. Among the important characters for identifying the immature stages of P. incrassala are the buccopharyngeal apparatus and the anterior and posterior spiracles.

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