The consequences of selective logging for Bornean lowland forest birds

1992 ◽  
Vol 335 (1275) ◽  
pp. 443-457 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Forest Birds ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Logged Forest ◽  
Lowland Dipterocarp Forest

In lowland dipterocarp forest in Sabah, Malaysia, most primary forest bird species were present in areas selectively logged eight years previously. However, certain taxa, notably flycatchers, woodpeckers, trogons and wren-babblers, became comparatively rare. In contrast, nectarivorous and opportunistic frugivorous species were significantly more abundant. Few species appeared to change foraging height, but netting rates suggest that the activity of some species had increased, or that some birds ranged over larger areas after logging. Although there is still much to be learned about the survival of birds in logged forest, large areas of this habitat are important for bird conservation. However, the susceptibility of logged forest to fire, and our present incomplete understanding of bird behaviour and population dynamics in logged forests mean that they should not be considered by conservationists as alternatives to reserves of primary forest.

scholarly journals Habitat and population estimates of some threatened lowland forest bird species in Tambopata, south-east Peru

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUW LLOYD
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Floodplain Forest ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Forest Bird ◽  
Madre De Dios ◽  
Forest Habitats

Surveys of threatened lowland forest bird species and forest habitats were conducted during a 21-month census of lowland bird communities in Tambopata, Department of Madre de Dios, south-east Peru. A combination of distance sampling census methods and direct counts was used for the census in five sites located along the Rio Madre de Dios and Rio Tambopata. All five sites consisted of different forest types with significantly different habitat components. Three of these sites were classified as primary forest habitats whilst the remaining two were classified as disturbed forests. Population densities were calculated for eight of the threatened species recorded during the census. Density estimates of non-bamboo specialists were higher in primary forest habitats than in disturbed forest habitats. Density estimates of most bamboo specialists were higher in primary Old Floodplain forest with extensive bamboo understorey than in primary Middle/Upper Floodplain forest with smaller, patchy areas of bamboo understorey. Calculation of regional population estimates based on the amount of forest cover from satellite photographs shows that only two of the threatened bird species have substantial populations currently protected by the Parque Nacional Bahuaja-Sonene and Reservada Nacional de Tambopata. Selective logging operations that reduce overall tree biomass and remove a large proportion of palm tree species from primary forest habitats will have an adverse affect on local populations of four of the threatened bird species in the region.

scholarly journals NATURAL SUCCESSION OF SECONDARY-LOWLAND DIPTEROCARP FOREST AFTER SELECTIVE LOGGING IN LONG PAHANGAI, WEST KUTAI, EAST KALIMANTAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Retno Peni Sancayaningsih ◽  
Misbakhul Bait
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Dipterocarp Forests ◽  
Lowland Dipterocarp Forest

<p>Selective logging in West Kutai may raise vegetation and environmental destruction in lowland Dipterocarp forest, and this will naturally run into succession. The purposes of this research were to study secondary succession in lowland Dipterocarp forest after 8 months and 6 years of Selective Logging in Long Pahangai, West Kutai regency, East Kalimantan and to study the relationships between plant abundance and soil nutrients and other environmental factors. The research had been done from May to November 2012. Nine study plots were chosen randomly within 3 selected study areas: primary Dipterocarp forest; and two secondary Dipterocarp forests, including 8 months, and 6 years forest after selective logging with three replicates each. Vegetation analysis was carried out using 20 x 20 m2 quadrat method, and 36 soil samples were taken and analyzed its soil nutrients, including total content of C-organic, total as well as available content of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium. <br />The results showed that 8 months secondary forest had dominated by pioneer plant of grass (Scleria sp.). Six-year secondary forest had dominated by pioneer trees such as Macaranga and climax species such as Shorea and Adenanthera. High abundance (20% and 26 %) of climax vegetation saplings in 6-year­old secondary forest increased its similarity index close to primary forest. The high available phosphorus content in soil may induce the growth of both pioneer and climax plant species in the 6-year secondary forest compared to other forests. The different trend showed in the 8 month secondary forests that selective logging practices enriched soil nutrients contents except for available phosphorous.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong> : Selective logging; succession; lowland Dipterocarp forest; west Kutai</p>

Effects of tree species heterogeneity on leaf fall in primary and logged dipterocarp forest in the Ulu Segama Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. A. Burghouts ◽  
E. J. F. Campbell ◽  
P. J. Kolderman
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Canopy Trees ◽  
Logged Forest

ABSTRACTEffects of tree species heterogeneity on leaf fall were studied in a primary (4 ha) and in a selectively logged forest plot (2.5 ha) in the Ulu Segama Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia, from April 1988 to December 1989. Leaf fall was collected at 30 sampling points in each plot, and identified to species.Dipterocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Fagaceae and Meliaceae are important tree families in both plots with regard to their contribution to total basal area, tree density and annual leaf fall. The total number of tree species was higher in the primary forest plot (267) than in the logged forest plot (218), although the number of climber species was higher in the logged forest (44) than in the primary forest plot (33). The overlap in species composition between the two forest plots was relatively small (49%) compared with that in family composition (88%).In the primary forest plot, the Dipterocarpaceae contributed 29% of the total basal area and 34% of the annual leaf fall. In the logged forest plot these contributions were much lower, 11% and 15%. The contribution to annual leaf fall made by climbers and pioneer trees was higher in the logged forest plot (34%) than in the primary forest plot (8%).In the primary forest plot, leaf fall was dominated My large emergent and main canopy trees, mainly dipterocarps, and occurred as regular large peaks. In the logged forest leaf fall was dominated by climbers and many, relatively small trees of pioneer species, such as Macaranga hypoleuca, and was more evenly distributed in time.

scholarly journals The impact of selective logging on sympatric civet species in Borneo

Oryx ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Heydon ◽  
Pullin Bulloh
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Logged Forest ◽  
Disturbed Forest ◽  
The Impact

Selective logging is the predominant method of commercial timber exploitation in South East Asia. Its effects upon mammalian carnivores have seldom been addressed, despite the vulnerability of these animals at the top of many food chains. The authors investigated the effects of logging by comparing the abundance of sympatric civet species, which display feeding strategies ranging from strict carnivory tofrugivory, in primary and selectively logged rainforest in the Malaysian state ofSabah in northern Borneo. All species occurred in disturbed forest, but the overall density of civets in logged forest (6.4 individuals per sq km) was found to be significantly lower than in primary forest (31.5 individuals per sq km). This reflected a marked reduction in the abundance of civets from the predominantly carnivorous subfamilies Viverrinae and Hemigalinae.

scholarly journals Temporal variation in abundance and diversity of butterflies in Bornean rain forests: opposite impacts of logging recorded in different seasons

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Hamer ◽  
J. K. Hill ◽  
N. Mustaffa ◽  
S. Benedick ◽  
T. N. Sherratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Logged Forest

We used traps baited with fruit to examine how the temporal variation of butterflies within primary forest in Sabah, Borneo differed between species. In addition, we compared patterns of temporal variation in primary and selectively logged forest, and we tested the hypothesis that selective logging has different recorded impacts on species diversity of adults during the wet monsoon period and the drier remaining half of the year. Species of Satyrinae and Morphinae had significantly less-restricted flight periods than did species of Nymphalinae and Charaxinae, which were sampled mainly during the drier season, especially in primary forest. Species diversity of adults was significantly higher during the drier season in primary forest, but did not differ between seasons in logged forest. As a consequence, logging had opposite recorded impacts on diversity during wetter and drier seasons: primary forest had significantly higher diversity than logged forest during the drier season but significantly lower diversity than logged forest during the wetter monsoon season. The results of this study have important implications for the assessment of biodiversity in tropical rain forests, particularly in relation to habitat disturbance: short-term assessments that do not take account of seasonal variation in abundance are likely to produce misleading results, even in regions where the seasonal variation in rainfall is not that great.

scholarly journals Population sizes and the status of endemic and restricted-range bird species on Sangihe Island, Indonesia

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Riley
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Lowland Forest ◽  
Island Endemic ◽  
The Status ◽  
Secondary Habitats ◽  
Primary Habitat

The island of Sangihe, Indonesia, was visited in 1998–99 with the aim of producing population estimates of the island's endemic and other restricted-range bird species, some of which were poorly known and thought to be at risk of extinction due to habitat change. The study focused on the last remaining patch of primary forest, on Mount Sahendaruman in southern Sangihe, home to three critically endangered endemic species: Cerulean Paradise-flycatcher Eutrichomyias rowleyi, Sangihe Shrike-thrush Colluricincla sanghirensis, and Sangihe White-eye Zosterops nehrkorni. Population densities were estimated from primary forest and secondary habitats across Sangihe to assess species dependency on primary habitat. Twenty of 24 restricted-range, globally threatened or endemic taxa were recorded and density estimates were calculated for 15 of these. The endemic Red-and-blue Lory Eos histrio is extinct on Sangihe as a result of lowland forest loss. Six species (Nicobar Pigeon Caloenas nicobarica, Sulawesi Dwarf Kingfisher Ceyx fallax, Golden Bulbul Ixos affinis, E. rowleyi, C. sanghirensis, and Z. nehrkorni) were either not recorded or have very small populations and are critically endangered on Sangihe; two species of Tanygnathus parrot are also facing local extinction on the island. The major threat to all these species is the destruction of primary forest; larger species are also threatened by hunting. The remaining endemic and restricted-range species (Blue-tailed Imperial Pigeon Ducula concinna, Sangihe Hanging-parrot Loriculus catamene, Sangihe Scops-owl Otus collari, Lilac-cheeked Kingfisher Cittura cyanotis and Elegant Sunbird Aethopyga duyvenbodei) were more widespread and occurred in secondary habitats. I recommend that L. catamene and A. duyvenbodei, currently treated as globally endangered, be reclassified as near-threatened and vulnerable respectively because of their large populations and tolerance of disturbed habitats. Species with wide global ranges that are represented by endemic subspecies have the greatest tolerance for disturbed habitat. The widespread deforestation of Sangihe has had serious consequences for many bird species and today the island supports the most threatened assemblage of single-island endemic species in Indonesia. Species-specific research to determine the status and ecology of E. rowleyi, C. sanghirensis and Z. nehrkorni, and monitoring of the Sahendaruman forest are desperately needed as a basis for future conservation efforts.

scholarly journals Shifting cultivation along the Trans-African Highway and its impact on the understorey bird community in the Ituri Forest, Zaire

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Plumptre
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Ituri Forest

summarySince the 1940s, horticulturalists (the Lese) have been settled along the sides of the roads that traverse a large part of the forest in eastern Zaire. These people have maintained their lifestyle of shifting cultivation and trade with the Mbuti pygmies. This has resulted in corridors of heavily disturbed and regenerating forest. The results of a study of the understorey bird community at three sites in the Okapi Reserve in the Ituri forest in Zaire are reported here. Two primary forest sites (one monodominant Gilbertiodendron forest) in the Reserve were compared with an area of forest disturbed by shifting cultivation. The two primary forest sites were more similar in species composition than they were to secondary forest created by shifting cultivation. Shifting cultivation had a more severe impact on the bird community than selective logging does in forests in Uganda and Malaysia. There was a shift following disturbance from a bird community dominated by insectivores to one with more frugivore-insectivores and nectarivores. Ground thrushes Zoothera spp. and flycatchers were abundant in the monodominant Gilbertiodendron forest and appear to suffer from the change in forest structure following disturbance. The Okapi Reserve currently conserves some important bird species and at least 333 birds have been reported to occur there.

scholarly journals The effects of selective logging on the distribution of moths in a Bornean rainforest

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1391) ◽  
pp. 1783-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Willottf
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Faunal Composition ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Logged Forest ◽  
Forest Understorey ◽  
Minimum Estimate

The effects of selective logging on the diversity and species composition of moths were investigated by sampling from multiple sites in primary forest, both understorey and canopy, and logged forest at Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia. The diversity of individual sites was similar, although rarefied species richness of logged forest was 17% lower than for primary forest (understorey and canopy combined). There was significant heterogeneity in faunal composition and measures of similarity (NESS index) among primary forest understorey sites which may be as great as those between primary understorey and logged forest. The lowest similarity values were between primary forest understorey and canopy, indicating a distinct canopy fauna. A number of species encountered in the logged forest were confined to, or more abundant in, the canopy of primary forest. Approximately 10% of species were confined to primary forest across a range of species’ abundances, suggesting this is a minimum estimate for the number of species lost following logging. The importance of accounting for heterogeneity within primary forest and sampling in the canopy when measuring the effects of disturbance on tropical forest communities are emphasized.

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