scholarly journals Biogeography and ecology: two views of one world

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1576) ◽  
pp. 2331-2335 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Jenkins ◽  
Robert E. Ricklefs
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comparative Ecology ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Do So

Both biogeography and ecology seek to understand the processes that determine patterns in nature, but do so at different spatial and temporal scales. The two disciplines were not always so different, and are recently converging again at regional spatial scales and broad temporal scales. In order to avoid confusion and to hasten progress at the converging margins of each discipline, the following papers were presented at a symposium in the International Biogeography Society's 2011 meeting, and are now published in this issue of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B . In a novel approach, groups of authors were paired to represent biogeographic and ecological perspectives on each of four topics: niche, comparative ecology and macroecology, community assembly, and diversity. Collectively, this compilation identifies points of agreement and disagreement between the two views on these central topics, and points to future research directions that may build on agreements and reconcile differences. We conclude this compilation with an overview on the integration of biogeography and ecology.

The effects of network neutrality on the incentive to discriminate, invest, and innovate: a literature review

Info ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daeho Lee ◽  
Dong-Hee Shin
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Network Neutrality ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Do So

Purpose The purpose of this study is to categorize network neutrality according to its issues under debate and assess the state of the debate based on such organization. In addition, the study discusses the reasons that network neutrality is so difficult to solve and the future research directions that would do so. Design/methodology/approach This study presents a critical review of the current network neutrality issues and summarizes the economic background of each position in the debate. The relevant literature is organized by issue to examine the reasons that the network neutrality debate is so difficult to solve and determine the further study required to solve it. Findings An analysis of the relevant literature suggests that the proponents and opponents of network neutrality disagree on the best methods of developing the Internet. Therefore, future research and regulatory and practitioners’ applications would greatly benefit from a comprehensive review of that literature. Originality/value Network neutrality regulation is receiving increased attention because the development and significant influences of the Internet are becoming more apparent.

Clinician styles of care: Transforming patient care at the intersection of leadership and medicine

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1459-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho P Huynh ◽  
Kate Sweeny
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Patient Communication ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Future Research Directions

A key role of clinicians is to motivate their patients to initiate and maintain beneficial health behaviors. This article integrates research on transformational leadership, clinician–patient communication, and health behavior to introduce a novel approach to understanding and improving clinicians’ effectiveness as motivators. We describe three dominant clinician styles or patterned approaches to patient care that derive from leadership theory (in order of least to most effective): laissez-faire, transactional, and transformational. Additionally, we suggest potential mediators and effects of the transformational style of care. Finally, we discuss future research directions for the study of clinician styles of care.

scholarly journals Integrating Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity: the current state of the field and future research directions

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1715) ◽  
pp. 20160158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Keck ◽  
Taro Toyoizumi ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
Brent Doiron ◽  
Daniel E. Feldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Homeostatic Plasticity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Subsequent Discussion ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
State Of The Field

We summarize here the results presented and subsequent discussion from the meeting on Integrating Hebbian and Homeostatic Plasticity at the Royal Society in April 2016. We first outline the major themes and results presented at the meeting. We next provide a synopsis of the outstanding questions that emerged from the discussion at the end of the meeting and finally suggest potential directions of research that we believe are most promising to develop an understanding of how these two forms of plasticity interact to facilitate functional changes in the brain. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Integrating Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity’.

BAM

2011 ◽  
pp. 68-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Schweibenz ◽  
Jörn Sieglerschmidt
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Digital Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Cultural Content ◽  
The Web ◽  
Do So

Starting from cultural heritage initiatives of the European Union and cultural portals such as the European Digital Library Europeana and the future German Digital Library, the paper presents BAM, the joint portal for libraries, archives, museums in Germany which is currently the only portal for cultural content. since the German Digital Library is not yet online. The goal of BAM is to provide access to and increase the visibility of German cultural content on the Web. To do so the portal directs users from the list of results on the BAM website to the digital object on the participating institution’s website. In addition, an alliance was formed with Wikipedia Germany to offer the possibility to link directly from an article’s web link section to the results of a corresponding BAM search. Moreover, organizational, technical and content related issues of BAM are described. Finally, future research directions for cultural portals are indicated.

scholarly journals Challenges Associated with Interpreting Mechanisms of AF

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline H Roney ◽  
Andrew L Wit ◽  
Nicholas S Peters
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiac Mapping ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Activation Mapping

Determining optimal treatment strategies for complex arrhythmogenesis in AF is confounded by the lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms causing AF. Studies report different mechanisms for AF, ranging from hierarchical drivers to anarchical multiple activation wavelets. Differences in the assessment of AF mechanisms are likely due to AF being recorded across diverse models using different investigational tools, spatial scales and clinical populations. The authors review different AF mechanisms, including anatomical and functional re-entry, hierarchical drivers and anarchical multiple wavelets. They then describe different cardiac mapping techniques and analysis tools, including activation mapping, phase mapping and fibrosis identification. They explain and review different data challenges, including differences between recording devices in spatial and temporal resolutions, spatial coverage and recording surface, and report clinical outcomes using different data modalities. They suggest future research directions for investigating the mechanisms underlying human AF.

scholarly journals Valuing the Role of Time in Urban Ecology

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ossola ◽  
Mary L. Cadenasso ◽  
Emily K. Meineke
Keyword(s):  
Urban Ecology ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Deterministic Processes ◽  
Temporal Dimensions

Cities and towns are complex ecosystems with features that can vary dramatically in space and time. Our knowledge of the spatial structure of urban land and ecological systems is expanding. These systems have been investigated across spatial scales, urban to rural gradients, networks of urban macrosystems, and global megalopolises. However, the temporal dimensions of urban ecosystems – such as those related to ecological cycles and historical legacies – are far less understood and investigated. Here, we outline the main dimensions of time that can shape how events in urban ecosystems unfold, which we categorize as: (i) time flows and duration, (ii) synchrony, lags, and delays, (iii) trends and transitions, (iv) cycles and hysteresis, (v) legacies and priming, (vi) temporal hotspots and hot moments, and (vii) stochastic vs. deterministic processes affecting our ability to forecast the future of cities and the species that live in them. First, we demonstrate the roles of these understudied dimensions by discussing exemplary studies. We then propose key future research directions for investigating how processes over time may regulate the structure and functioning of urban land and biodiversity, as well as its effects on and implications for urban ecology. Our analysis and conceptual framework highlights that several temporal dimensions of urban ecosystems – like those related to temporal hotspots/moments and stochastic vs. deterministic processes – are understudied. This offers important research opportunities to further urban ecology and a comprehensive research agenda valuing the “Urban Chronos” – the change of urban ecosystems through time.

scholarly journals The effects of sex and outcome expectancies on perceptions of sexual harassment

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261409
Author(s):  
Shonagh Leigh ◽  
Andrew G. Thomas ◽  
Jason Davies
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Outcome Expectancies ◽  
Outcome Expectancy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Negative Outcome

Using an outcome expectancy framework, this research sought to understand sex differences in the underlying beliefs that influence harassment perception. One hundred and ninety-six participants (52% women) read a series of vignettes depicting common examples of digital male-on-female sexual harassment. They were asked to what extent they thought each scenario constituted sexual harassment, and how likely the perpetrator would experience positive and negative outcomes. Consistent with predictions, women were more likely to consider the behaviours as harassment than men were. Both sexes harassment perceptions had significant relationships with their outcome expectancies, but we also found evidence of a sex specific moderation; the link between men’s negative outcome expectancies was moderated by their positive ones. The results suggest that perceptions of harassment may have sexually asymmetrical underpinnings. Measuring the interplay between positive and negative outcome expectancies in relation to sexual harassment perception is a novel approach, that may have implications for the development of anti-sexual harassment interventions. Implications for theory and future research directions are discussed.

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