scholarly journals From high symmetry to high resolution in biological electron microscopy: a commentary on Crowther (1971) ‘Procedures for three-dimensional reconstruction of spherical viruses by Fourier synthesis from electron micrographs’

2015 ◽  
Vol 370 (1666) ◽  
pp. 20140345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
High Symmetry ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Fourier Synthesis ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Computational Procedures

Elucidation of the structure of biological macromolecules and larger assemblies has been essential to understanding the roles they play in living processes. Methods for three-dimensional structure determination of biological assemblies from images recorded in the electron microscope were therefore a key development. In his paper published in Philosophical Transactions B in 1971, Crowther described new computational procedures applied to the first three-dimensional reconstruction of an icosahedral virus from images of virus particles preserved in negative stain. The method for determining the relative orientation of randomly oriented particles and combining their images for reconstruction exploited the high symmetry of the virus particle. Computational methods for image analysis have since been extended to include biological assemblies without symmetry. Further experimental advances, combined with image analysis, have led to the method of cryomicroscopy, which is now used by structural biologists to study the structure and dynamics of biological machines and assemblies in atomic detail. This commentary was written to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society .

The Three-dimensional structure of frozen-hydrated nudaurelia capensis β virus

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
N. H. Olson ◽  
T. S. Baker ◽  
Wu Bo Mu ◽  
J. E. Johnson ◽  
D. A. Hendry
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Three Dimensional Structure ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Nudaurelia capensis β virus (NβV) is an RNA virus of the South African Pine Emperor moth, Nudaurelia cytherea capensis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). The NβV capsid is a T = 4 icosahedron that contains 60T = 240 subunits of the coat protein (Mr = 61,000). A three-dimensional reconstruction of the NβV capsid was previously computed from visions embedded in negative stain suspended over holes in a carbon film. We have re-examined the three-dimensional structure of NβV, using cryo-microscopy to examine the native, unstained structure of the virion and to provide a initial phasing model for high-resolution x-ray crystallographic studiesNβV was purified and prepared for cryo-microscopy as described. Micrographs were recorded ∼1 - 2 μm underfocus at a magnification of 49,000X with a total electron dose of about 1800 e-/nm2.

scholarly journals Application of 3D Image Technology in Motor and Sensory Nerve Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Na Liu
Keyword(s):  
Peroneal Nerve ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
3D Image ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Objective. To explore the application of 3D image technology in motor and sensory nerve classification. Methods. A total of 200 sections of the 5cm-long popliteal fossa peroneal nerve from adult volunteers were cut and frozen. The slices were 10 m thick, and the interval between the slices was 0.25 mm. Acetylcholinesterase histochemical staining was used to observe the changes of nerve bundles under the microscope. The stained sections were transformed into digital images by the digital camera system, and the images were stitched to obtain a two-dimensional panoramic image 100 times magnified. The properties of the functional bundles were manually judged. Using Amira 3.1 three‐dimensional reconstruction software to realize the three-dimensional reconstruction and visualization of nerve can not only accurately perceive the complex three-dimensional surface structure of nerve, but also arbitrarily display, rotate, scale, and segment the three-dimensional structure inside nerve, and carry out three-dimensional measurement in time. It has made preliminary achievements in brachial plexus, lumbosacral plexus, neural stem functional bundle (group), and intramuscular nerve routing and distribution, including the regeneration process of sensory nerve and three-dimensional reconstruction and visualization of composite tissue containing sensory nerve. Conclusion. Based on histology and computer technology, the functional band of short peroneal nerve can be reconstructed in 3D, which provides a feasible basis for the three-dimensional reconstruction of the functional band of the long peripheral nerve.

The interpretation of granitic textures from serial thin sectioning, image analysis and three-dimensional reconstruction

1995 ◽  
Vol 59 (395) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Bryon ◽  
M. P. Atherton ◽  
R. H. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Mineral Phase ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Textural Development

AbstractTextural development of the felsic phases in two granodioritic rocks from the zoned Linga superunit of the Peruvian Coastal Batholith has been characterized using serial thin sectioning, image analysis and three-dimensional reconstruction. The study has shown how each mineral phase contributed to the texture during the formation and development of a contiguous crystal framework and during subsequent restriction, isolation and occlusion of the melt-filled porosity. The work highlights the important factors and potential problems in the use of serial thin sections and imaging in the analysis of complex polyphase rock textures.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional reconstruction of the Z disk of sectioned bee flight muscle.

1989 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 1761-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Q Cheng ◽  
J F Deatherage
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Opposite Polarity ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Cross Links

The three-dimensional structure of the central region of the Z disk of honeybee flight muscle has been determined to a resolution of 70 A by three-dimensional reconstruction from electron micrographs of tilted thin sections. The reconstructions show a complex assembly in which actin filaments terminate and are cross-linked together; a number of structural domains of this network are resolved in quantitative three-dimensional detail. The central region of the Z disk contains two sets of overlapping actin filaments of opposite polarity, which originate in the sarcomeres adjacent to the Z disk, and connections between these filaments. The filaments are deflected by the attachment of cross-links; spacing between filaments change by greater than 100 A during their passage through the Z disk. Each actin filament is linked by connecting structures to four filaments of opposite polarity and two filaments are of the same polarity. Four types of connecting density domain are observed in association with pairs of filaments of opposite polarity: C1, C2, C3, and C5. Two of these, C3 and C5, are associated with the ends of actin filaments. Another connection, C4, is associated with three filaments of the same polarity; C4 is threefold symmetric.

Organized packing of RNA inside viruses as revealed by cryo-electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
T. S. Baker ◽  
R. H. Cheng ◽  
J. E. Johnson ◽  
N. H. Olson ◽  
G. J. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

The development of modern electron microscopy techniques to visualize the hydrated structures of biological macromolecules has stimulated many new studies, especially with viruses and virus-macromolecule complexes that are too large to study with current x-ray crystallographic methods, Cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) in conjunction with three-dimensional reconstruction procedures is capable of revealing both external and internal features of these structures.

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