scholarly journals Cortical control and performance monitoring of interrupting and redirecting movements

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1718) ◽  
pp. 20160201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Pouget ◽  
Aditya Murthy ◽  
Veit Stuphorn
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Research ◽  
Motor Actions

Voluntary behaviour requires control mechanisms that ensure our ability to act independently of habitual and innate response tendencies. Electrophysiological experiments, using the stop-signal task in humans, monkeys and rats, have uncovered a core network of brain structures that is essential for response inhibition. This network is shared across mammals and seems to be conserved throughout their evolution. Recently, new research building on these earlier findings has started to investigate the interaction between response inhibition and other control mechanisms in the brain. Here we describe recent progress in three different areas: selectivity of movement inhibition across different motor systems, re-orientation of motor actions and action evaluation. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Movement suppression: brain mechanisms for stopping and stillness’.

scholarly journals Dissociation of response inhibition and performance monitoring in the stop signal task using event-related fMRI

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1347-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre D. Chevrier ◽  
Michael D. Noseworthy ◽  
Russell Schachar
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Neural correlates of response inhibition and performance monitoring in binge watching

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Carolin Kilian ◽  
Kyra Luisa Bröckel ◽  
Rebecca Overmeyer ◽  
Raoul Dieterich ◽  
Tanja Endrass
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Impact of Orbitofrontal Lesions on Electrophysiological Signals in a Stop Signal Task

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1528-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Kristin Solbakk ◽  
Ingrid Funderud ◽  
Marianne Løvstad ◽  
Tor Endestad ◽  
Torstein Meling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Electrophysiological Response ◽  
Action Monitoring ◽  
Error Positivity

Behavioral inhibition and performance monitoring are critical cognitive functions supported by distributed neural networks including the pFC. We examined neurophysiological correlates of motor response inhibition and action monitoring in patients with focal orbitofrontal (OFC) lesions (n = 12) after resection of a primary intracranial tumor or contusion because of traumatic brain injury. Healthy participants served as controls (n = 14). Participants performed a visual stop signal task. We analyzed behavioral performance as well as event-related brain potentials and oscillations. Inhibition difficulty was adjusted individually to yield an equal amount of successful inhibitions across participants. RTs of patients and controls did not differ significantly in go trials or in failed stop trials, and no differences were observed in estimated stop signal RT. However, electrophysiological response patterns during task performance distinguished the groups. Patients with OFC lesions had enhanced P3 amplitudes to congruent condition go signals and to stop signals. In stop trials, patients had attenuated N2 and error-related negativity, but enhanced error positivity. Patients also showed enhanced and prolonged post-error beta band increases for stop errors. This effect was particularly evident in patients whose lesion extended to the subgenual cingulate cortex. In summary, although response inhibition was not impaired, the diminished stop N2 and ERN support a critical role of the OFC in action monitoring. Moreover, the increased stop P3, error positivity, and post-error beta response indicate that OFC injury affected action outcome evaluation and support the notion that the OFC is relevant for the processing of abstract reinforcers such as performing correctly in the task.

scholarly journals Neural correlates of response inhibition and performance monitoring in binge watching

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Kilian ◽  
Kyra Luisa Bröckel ◽  
Rebecca Overmeyer ◽  
Raoul Dieterich ◽  
Tanja Endrass
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Internet Streaming ◽  
Neurocognitive Profile ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Addictive Potential

AbstractWith the increasing popularity of internet streaming portals, the question why people develop binge-watching behavior has become a focus of scientific research and its addictive potential is discussed. The current study examined neural correlates of binge-watching during inhibition in a go/nogo task and performance monitoring using electroencephalography. Participants reported high binge-watching behavior (HBW, n = 35) or no binge-watching (NBW, n = 33) episode during the past four weeks. Compared to the NBW group, HBW showed larger P3 during response inhibition and larger error-related negativity (ERN) for errors in the flanker task. Group differences in behavioral measures were not observed. The current results suggest that binge watching may be related to both (1) increased neural recruitment during response inhibition as indicated by the increased P3 to facilitate normal inhibitory performance and (2) enhanced performance monitoring as indicated by the increased ERN. As this neurocognitive profile differs from observations in other addictive and excessive behaviors, implications for this budding field are discussed.

scholarly journals Cross-task contributions of fronto-basal ganglia circuitry in response inhibition and conflict-induced slowing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Jahfari ◽  
K Richard Ridderinkhof ◽  
Anne GE Collins ◽  
Tomas Knapen ◽  
Lourens J Waldorp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Information Uncertainty ◽  
Information Sampling ◽  
Reinforcement Learning Model

ABSTRACTWhy are we so slow in choosing the lesser of two evils? We considered whether such slowing relates to uncertainty about the value of these options, which arises from the tendency to avoid them during learning, and whether such slowing relates to fronto-subthalamic inhibitory control mechanisms. 49 participants performed a reinforcement-learning task and a stop-signal task while fMRI was recorded. A reinforcement-learning model was used to quantify learning strategies. Individual differences in lose-lose slowing related to information uncertainty due to sampling, and independently, to less efficient response inhibition in the stop-signal task. Neuroimaging analysis revealed an analogous dissociation: subthalamic nucleus (STN) BOLD activity related to variability in stopping latencies, whereas weaker fronto-subthalamic connectivity related to slowing and information sampling. Across tasks, fast inhibitors increased STN activity for successfully cancelled responses in the stop task, but decreased activity for lose-lose choices. These data support the notion that fronto-STN communication implements a rapid but transient brake on response execution, and that slowing due to decision uncertainty could result from an inefficient release of this “hold your horses” mechanism.

scholarly journals Cognitive control in young adults with cannabis use disorder: An event-related brain potential study

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1015-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
David LR Maij ◽  
Ben JM van de Wetering ◽  
Ingmar HA Franken
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
And Performance

Contemporary models of substance use disorders emphasize the role of cognitive control, which has been linked to difficulties in resisting the use of substances. In the present study, we measured two aspects of cognitive control, response inhibition (operationalized by a Go/NoGo Task) and performance monitoring (operationalized by an Eriksen Flanker Task), in a group of young cannabis-use disorder (CUD) patients and compared these functions with two control groups (i.e. a group of cigarette smokers and a group of non-smokers). We employed both behavioural and electrophysiological measures. The results indicate that CUD patients displayed reduced NoGo-P3 event-related potentials compared with non-smoking controls, but not compared with smoking controls. In addition, CUD patients were slower on Go trials than both control groups. No other between-group electrophysiological or behavioural differences were observed. These results seem to suggest that CUD patients have problems related to response inhibition, but performance monitoring seems relatively unaffected.

scholarly journals Response inhibition on the stop signal task improves during cardiac contraction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Rae ◽  
Vanessa Botan ◽  
Cassandra Gould van Praag ◽  
Aleksandra Herman ◽  
Jasmina Nyyssonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Cardiac Contraction ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Signal Delay ◽  
Adaptive Action ◽  
Stop Signal Reaction Time ◽  
Parasympathetic Control ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Cardiovascular Arousal

Motor actions can be facilitated or hindered by psychophysiological states of readiness, to guide rapid adaptive action. Cardiovascular arousal is communicated by cardiac signals conveying the timing and strength of individual heartbeats. Here, we tested how these interoceptive signals facilitate control of motor impulsivity. Participants performed a stop signal task, in which stop cues were delivered at different time points within the cardiac cycle: at systole when the heart contracts, or at diastole between heartbeats. Response inhibition, indexed by a shorter stop signal reaction time (SSRT) and longer stop signal delay (SSD), was better at systole. Furthermore, parasympathetic control of cardiovascular tone, and subjective sensitivity to interoceptive states, predicted response inhibition efficiency. This suggests that response inhibition capacity is influenced by interoceptive physiological cues, such that people are more likely to express impulsive actions during putative states of lower cardiovascular arousal, when frequency and strength of cardiac afferent signalling is reduced.

INNOVATION CAPABILITY, ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY AND SMES PERFORMANCE IN PAKISTAN: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF BUSINESS STRATEGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zulqarnain Arshad ◽  
Darwina Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Innovation Capability ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crucial Part

The small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial part in county’s economic growth and a key contributor in country’s GDP. In Pakistan SMEs hold about 90 percent of the total businesses. The performance of SMEs depends upon many factors. The main aim for the research is to examine the relationship between Innovation Capability, Absorptive Capacity and Performance of SMEs in Pakistan. This conceptual paper also extends to the vague revelation on Business Strategy in which act as a moderator between Innovation Capability, Absorptive Capacity and SMEs Performance. Conclusively, this study proposes a new research directions and hypotheses development to examine the relationship among the variables in Pakistan’s SMEs context.

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