scholarly journals XX. On the alloys of steel

1822 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 253-270 ◽  

The alloys of steel made on a small scale in the laboratory of the Royal Institution proving to be good, and the experiments having excited a very considerable degree of interest both at home and abroad, gave encouragement to attempt the work on a more extended scale, and we have now the pleasure of stating, that alloys similar to those made in the Royal Institution, have been made for the purpose of manufacture; and that they prove to be, in point of excellence, in every respect equal, if not superior, to the smaller productions of the laboratory

1897 ◽  
Vol 60 (359-367) ◽  
pp. 140-146

This paper is. intended to give a preliminary account of some recent investigations into the specific refraction of the elements. It may be conveniently divided into two distinct parts. The first part is a revision and extension of the list of specific and atomic refractions, which was first published in the ‘ Phil. Trans.’ for 1870, and was reprinted with modifications in a lecture given at the Royal Institution in 1877. The second part is an amplification of some deductions made in that lecture.


1943 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. A183-A186
Author(s):  
A. M. Binnie

Abstract The existing methods of predicting the oscillations in a closed surge tank are very lengthy unless drastic simplifications are made. In this paper a new and quick procedure is explained for calculating the maximum pressure and expansion of the air, which result from a sudden shutdown of the plant. Friction is taken into account, both in the pipe and also in any arrangement placed between the pipe and the tank to damp the oscillations, but the compression and expansion of the air must be assumed isothermal. Small-scale experiments confirmed the expectation that the observed maximum pressures would be greater than the theoretical. The shutdown of a big plant is, however, not instantaneous, and the theory may be expected to yield results sufficiently accurate for the purpose in view.


Archaeologia ◽  
1915 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 195-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald A. Smith ◽  
Henry Dewey

After two short seasons spent in investigating the high terrace of the lower Thames, it was considered desirable to examine the gravel of a tributary, in order to equate if possible the various deposits in the two valleys, and to confirm or correct the sequence deduced from former excavatións at home and abroad. Two sites near Rickmansworth, at and just below the junction of the Gade and Colne rivers, have been known for years as productive of palaeoliths, and every facility was readily afforded for examining the gravel in pits at Croxley Green and Mill End by the respective owners, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and Lord Rendlesham, and the lessees, the RickmansworthGravel Co., Ltd., and Messrs. Horwood Bros. Leave of absence was granted by the Trustees of the British Museum, and nine days were devoted to the work in October, the means being provided from a fund under the control of our Vice-President, Sir Hercules Read, Keeper of the Department concerned. Assistance from the geological side was given unofficially by Mr. Dewey, of H.M. Geological Survey, who has read through the paper in manuscript, and contributes an appendix dealing with some of the geological problems involved.


Antiquity ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 28 (110) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Gracie

The barren hill-tops of Malta are scored in many places by ancient ruts cut deeply into the rock. They can be seen also on the slopes and on the lower plains, but less frequently because these areas are normally under agricultural soil. They always occur in pairs from 52 to 58 inches apart and were quite clearly used by vehicles. They have been discussed in print for 300 years but no agreement has been reached on how, when or why they were made or what vehicles used them. In fact, there are as many theories as there are authors. Of these writers only Captain E. G. Fenton and Professor Sir T. Zammit appear to have done any serious field work, and none has published a map. The present writer, therefore, decided to attempt the laborious task of plotting them, making such other observations and measurements as he could. Zammit, in the paper cited, reproduced some excellent photographs from both the ground and the air, to which the reader is referred.Time did not permit an examination of the whole island and few observations were made in the low-lying south-eastern part. A fairly intensive survey was made of the high ground as far north as the Baida Ridge, which joins the northern shores of Ghain Tuffieha Bay and St. Paul’s Bay. Two portions of the map are reproduced here. Where there are a number of parallel tracks in close proximity they are shown on the map as one on account of the necessarily small scale used. The gaps in the routes are mainly due to cultivated patches, and no attempt has been made to bridge them by conjecture.


Author(s):  
Yunita Rochmawati Jonan

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian pengembangan ini adalah menghasilkan sebuah rubrik penskoran pada asesmen otentikuntuk materi volume dan luas balok yang dapat digunakan oleh guru dan siswa. Rubrik ini dibuat sesuai dengan standar penilaian dalam kurikulum 2013. Penelitian pengembangan (R&D) ini menggunakan model Borg and Gall yang terdiri dari lima tahap yaitu penelitian dan pengumpulan data awal, perencanaan, pengembangan format produk, uji coba skala kecil, revisi akhir dan penyempurnaan produk. Hasil penelitian pengembangan ini berupa rubrik penyekoran holistik dan analitik dengan nilai sangat valid sebesar 94%. Analisis dari penelitian ini adalah angket kebutuhan bagi guru dan siswa sedangkan uji coba dilakukan melalui perorangan, kelompok kecil dan kelompok besar. Sedangkan kelayakan rubrik penskoran dari penilaian oleh ahli dengan menggunakan angket uji validitas materi, hasil belajar siswa, respon siswa serta tanggapan guru pengajar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rubrik penskoran ini efektif dalam membantu memperbaiki hasil ulangan dan cukup praktis serta dapat dipergunakan untuk memberikan penilaian hasil belajar yang sesuai dengan kurikulum 2013. Kata kunci: rubrik, penskoran, asesmen otentik.   ABSTRACT The purpose of this development research is to produce a scoring rubric on an authenticity assessment for the volume and area materials that can be used by teachers and students. The rubric is made in based on the assessment standards in the 2013 curriculum. This development research (R&D) uses the Borg and Gall model consisting of five stages of preliminary data research and collection, planning, product format development, small-scale trials, final revisions and product enhancements. The results of this development research include holistic and analytic scoring rubric with a very valid score of 94%. The rubric is analyzed fromquestionnaire for teachers and students, while trials are conducted through individuals, small groups and large groups. The feasibility of the scoring rubric from assessment by members by using the material validity test questionnaire, student learning results, student response and teacher responses. The results of this study show that the scoring rubric is effective in helping to improve the test results and is practical and can be used to provide assessment of learning outcomes in accordance with the 2013 curriculum. Keywords: rubric, scoring, authentic assessment.


2020 ◽  
pp. 121-148
Author(s):  
Tony Tian-Ren Lin

The demands of Prosperity Gospel Pentecostalism on the family and gender roles are many. The home is a space where the paradox of Prosperity Gospel Pentecostalism is lived out daily. In traditional Christianity, the family is supposed to be a small-scale replica of the church, where there is a father who serves as the priest, a mother who is his assistant, and a congregation, represented by children who need instruction and guidance. This chapter shows how Prosperity Gospel Pentecostalism shapes family dynamics and the logic they use to bridge their family reality to the religious ideal.


The Committee appointed by the Royal Society to direct the publication of the Philosophical Transactions, take this Opportunity to acquaint the Public, that it fully appears, as well from the council-books and journals of the Society, as from repeated declarations, which have been made in several former Transactions, that the printing of them was always, from time to time, the single act of the respective Secretaries, till the Forty-Seventh Volume. And this information was thought the more necessary, not only as it had been the common opinion, that they were published by the authority, and under the direction, of the Society itself; but also, because several authors, both at home and abroad, have in their writings called them the Transactions Royal Society. Whereas in truth the Society, as a body, never did interest themselves any. further in their publication, than by occasionally recommending the revival of them to some of their Secretaries, when, from the particular circumstances of their affairs, the Transactions had happened for any length of time to be intermitted.


The duty has been assigned to me of telling you something about Newton as an experimentalist. As the result of a study of what is known of his history, it seems to me that among his various intellectual pursuits experiment was his first love and the love to which he was most constant. Strange though it be, he seems in some moods to have doubted whether his theoretical studies were worth while, and I do not recall any case where he expressed himself enthusiastically about them. On the other hand, he speaks of his optical work as ‘The oddest if not the most considerable detection which has hitherto been made in the operation of nature.’ Newton loved the mechanical side of experimental work. As a boy he constructed sundials, and, what is more, fixed one of them into the side of the house effectually enough for it to be there a century later. A notebook of his boyhood shows him assiduous in collecting recipes for various kinds of drawing materials, and he notes methods of performing some (rather nasty) conjuring tricks. Later on, when he is making his reflecting telescope, it is obvious that he is a skilled amateur mechanic, at home in furnace operation. He builds his own brick furnace, prepares speculum metal, and is apparently more successful than the professional opticians of the time in grinding and polishing it to a satisfactory spherical figure. (The days of parabolizing were not yet.) It was not until a good many years later that they were able to put such instruments on the market.


The Committee appointed by the Royal Society to direct the publication of the Philosophical Transactions, take this Opportunity to acquaint the Public, that it fully appears, as well from the council-books and journals of the Society, as from repeated declarations, which have been made in several former Transactions, that the printing of them was always, from time to time, the single act of the respective Secretaries, till the Forty-Seventh Volume. And this information was thought the more necessary, not only as it had been the common opinion, that they were published by the authority, and under the direction, of the Society itself; but also, because several authors, both at home and abroad, have in their writings called them the Transactions Royal Society. Whereas in truth the Society, as a body, never did interest themselves any. further in their publication, than by occasionally recommending the revival of them to some of their Secretaries, when, from the particular circumstances of their affairs, the Transactions had happened for any length of time to be intermitted.


1997 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
R. Warwick ◽  
I. Hutchinson ◽  
R. Willingale ◽  
K. Kuntz ◽  
S. Snowden

AbstractAn overlapping set of ROSAT PSPC observations made in a region of very low Galactic foreground column density, has been used to investigate variations in the soft X-ray background on angular scales of 15′ – 5°. In the ¼ keV band there is a clear inverse correlation of the count-rate with the line-of-sight hydrogen column density. However, after correcting for this absorption effect, strong residual fluctuations remain in the data, with an amplitude which is significantly larger than that due to the counting statistics or the confusion of unresolved discrete sources. In contrast a similar analysis for the ¾ and 1.5 keV ROSAT bands shows no evidence for an excess signal. The most likely origin of the ¼ keV fluctuations would seem to be in a patchy distribution of ~ 106 K gas in the Galactic halo.


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