scholarly journals Carboxymethylcellulase Produced by Facultative Bacteria from the Hind-gut of the Termite Reticulitermes hesperus

1978 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Thayer
Keyword(s):  
Reticulitermes Hesperus ◽  
Hind Gut

scholarly journals Taxonomic differences of gut microbiomes drive cellulolytic enzymatic potential within hind-gut fermenting mammals

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e0189404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma C. L. Finlayson-Trick ◽  
Landon J. Getz ◽  
Patrick D. Slaine ◽  
Mackenzie Thornbury ◽  
Emily Lamoureux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hind Gut

Biotin studies in pigs

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Kopinski ◽  
Jane Leibholz ◽  
W. L. Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Maize Flour ◽  
Hind Gut

Eight pigs were given a semi-purified diet based on maize flour and casein containing 10 μg biotin/kg. The diet was given ad lib. with or without a supplement of 70 μg biotin/kg diet from 5 to 94 d of age. The flow of biotin in the stomach was similar to the biotin intake (13.5 and 112 μg/d) for the unsupplemented and biotin-supplemented pigs respectively. The flow of biotin through the small intestine decreased for the biotin-supplemented pigs from 39 μg/d in the first quarter of the small intestine to 7.9 μg/d in the last quarter. The flows of biotin in the caecum, large intestine and colon were similar for both the unsupplemented and biotin-supplemented pigs, with values of 17–54 μg/d, indicating the synthesis of biotin in the hind-gut.

Identification and functional characterization of legumain in amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Teng ◽  
Hiroshi Wada ◽  
Shicui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Branchiostoma Belcheri ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Catalytic Dyad ◽  
Pepstatin A

Legumain has been reported from diverse sources such as plants, parasites (animals) and mammals, but little is known in the lower chordates. The present study reports the first characterization of legumain cDNA from the protochordate Branchiostoma belcheri. The deduced 435-amino-acid-long protein is structurally characterized by the presence of a putative N-terminal signal peptide, a peptidase_C13 superfamily domain with the conserved Lys123-Gly124-Asp125 motif and catalytic dyad His153 and Cys195 and two potential Asn-glycosylation sites at Asn85 and Asn270. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that B. belcheri legumain forms an independent cluster together with ascidian legumain, and is positioned at the base of vertebrate legumains, suggesting that B. belcheri legumain gene may represent the archetype of vertebrate legumain genes. Both recombinant legumain expressed in yeast and endogenous legumain are able to be converted into active protein of ~37 kDa via a C-terminal autocleavage at acid pH values. The recombinant legumain efficiently degrades the legumain-specific substrate Z-Ala-Ala-Asn-MCA (benzyloxycarbonyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-asparagine-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide) at optimum pH 5.5; and the enzymatic activity is inhibited potently by iodoacetamide and N-ethylmaleimide, partially by hen's-egg white cystatin, but not by E-64 [trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)butane], PMSF and pepstatin A. In addition, legumain is expressed in vivo in a tissue-specific manner, with main expression in the hepatic caecum and hind-gut of B. belcheri. Altogether, these results suggest that B. belcheri legumain plays a role in the degradation of macromolecules in food.

Voluntary intake, digestibility and rate of passage of a hay and a silage fed to horses and to cattle

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 164-164
Author(s):  
B. McLean ◽  
A. Afzalzadeh ◽  
L. Bates ◽  
R.W. Mayes ◽  
F.D.DeB. Hovell
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Strategy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Adequate Nutrient

It is well established that the intake and digestibility of roughages by ruminants is positively correlated with rate of passage (ARC, 1980), presumably to enable as complete a microbial degradation of the poorer roughages as possible. On the other hand hind gut fermenters such as horses have been thought to have adopted the alternative strategy of using a high rate of passage to ‘cream’ off the rapidly degradable material of poor quality roughages so as to maintain adequate nutrient intakes. Surprisingly, there are remarkably few actual comparisons between ruminants and hindgut fermenters in the literature. Traditionally dried roughages (hay) and cereal and ‘by-product concentrates’ have been used as horse feeds (grains, brans sugar beet pulp). Recently there has been more interest in the use of silages with horses (eg Smoulders and Hobiers, 1988). However the information as to the utilisation of silages by horses is limited.

Bovine or equine faeces as sources of micro-organisms instead of rumen liquor in the Tilley and Terry in vitro digestibility technique for evaluating forages in Tanzania

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 172-172
Author(s):  
H. Whittall ◽  
E.J. Mtengeti ◽  
L.A. Mtenga ◽  
D.L. Romney ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Consequent Improvement

Akhter et al.(1994) demonstrated bovine faeces to have considerable potential as a source of microorganisms to replace rumen liquor in the in vitro digestibility method of Tilley and Terry (1963) for evaluating temperate gramminaceous forages, under UK laboratory conditions. In view of the difficulties and costs of maintaining fistulated animals in tropical, less-developed countries, the present study was undertaken in Tanzania to investigate the potential of bovine faeces as a substitute for rumen liquor in the Tilley and Terry technique for evaluating local, gramminaceous forages. Use of equine faeces was also investigated in view of the prevalence of equines in some tropical countries. It was also hypothesised that equines, being hind-gut fermentors, would yield faeces containing more micro-organisms than faeces from bovines, with a consequent improvement in digestibility.

scholarly journals The migration and loss of human primordial germ stem cells from the hind gut epithelium towards the gonadal ridge

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (10-11-12) ◽  
pp. 771-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linn Salto Mamsen ◽  
Christian Beltoft Brchner ◽  
Anne Grete Byskov ◽  
Kjeld Mllgard
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Gut Epithelium ◽  
Hind Gut

Effect of saline drinking water on the size and water content of the gut and other organs of male and female mallards

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Hughes ◽  
D C Bennett ◽  
T M Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Organ Mass ◽  
Hind Gut

Ducks absorb imbibed Na+ and water in the anterior gut and reabsorb Na+ and water from urine refluxed into the hind gut. In Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) this process is sexually disparate: males reflux and reabsorb more water, mainly in the ceca. We examined the effect of saline acclimation on the size of Mallard organs, especially the gut and other osmoregulatory organs (kidneys, salt glands) in both sexes. We tested and accept two hypotheses: (1) saline increases the mass of the Mallard hind gut and other osmoregulatory organs and (2) saline has a greater effect on the organs of males. Drinking saline did not affect the mass of body, kidney, heart, or liver, but increased the mass of the salt glands, ileum, and ceca. Increases in organ mass were greater in males than in females. Saline acclimation increased the length of the jejunum only in males and decreased the length of the esophagus and the length and mass of the proventriculus only in females. Our data suggest that the upper and lower gut segments may play somewhat different roles in ion and water transport in the two sexes.

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